HUMANITIESMJC-4PERSIANSEM-3UG

UG-Persian, Semester-3, MJC-4

Classical Persian Poetry

╪║╪▓┘Д ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕: “╪╡┘Д╪з╪н ┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й╪м╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪▒╪з╪и ┌й╪м╪з”

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д “╪╡┘Д╪з╪н ┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й╪м╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪▒╪з╪и ┌й╪м╪з” ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█Б╪з█М╪к ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ╪║╪▓┘Д █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и┌С█М ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪п╪и╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█В ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й┘И ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┌п┘Ж╪з█Б┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к┘И╪и█Б ┌й█Т ╪з┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж╪з╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М █М█Б ╪║╪▓┘Д ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪╣╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ ┘Е╪л╪з┘Д █Б█Т╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з┘Ж╪к█Б╪з╪ж█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪│█Т ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М╪М ╪м┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪╣╪▒┘Б ╪╣╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ “╪н╪з┘Б╪╕” ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪з┘Е ╪│█Т ╪м╪з┘Ж╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М 14┘И█М┌║ ╪╡╪п█М ┌й█Т ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪и█Т ┘Е╪л╪з┘Д ╪│╪к┘И┘Ж ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛█Т ╪м╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘╛┘И╪▒╪з ┘Ж╪з┘Е ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪┤┘Е╪│ ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ┘Е╪н┘Е╪п ╪и┘Ж ╪и█Б╪з╪б ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪к┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б 1325 █М╪з 1335 ╪╣█М╪│┘И█М ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓╪М ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪п╪з █Б┘И╪ж█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘╛┘И╪▒█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪и┘И┘Д┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█Т ╪╣┘Д╪з┘В█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Т ╪н╪п ┘Е┘В╪и┘И┘Д ╪к┌╛█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д█М┌║ ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪│╪╖╪н ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛╪│┘Ж╪п ┌й█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д █Б█М┌║╪М ╪м┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б╪М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣┘Е┘И┘Е╪з┘Л ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д█М╪з╪к╪М ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к ┌й█Т ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪▓█М╪з╪п█Б ╪к╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪к╪м╪▒╪и╪з╪к╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ “╪к╪╡┘И┘Б” ╪з┘И╪▒ “╪╣╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж” ┌й╪з ╪╣┘Ж╪╡╪▒ ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ┌й█Т ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┌й┘И ┌й┌╛┘И┘Д╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з╪╣┘Д█М┘░ ╪п╪▒╪м█Б ┌й█Т ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б ╪к┌╛█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘В╪▒╪в┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│┘Д╪з┘Е█М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█Т ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪м┌╛┘Д┌й█М╪з┌║ ┘Е┘Д╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘Д┘Д█Б ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ┘╛╪▒█Б█М╪▓ ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪┤╪╣┘И╪▒ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

1. ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д

╪║╪▓┘Д “╪╡┘Д╪з╪н ┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й╪м╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪▒╪з╪и ┌й╪м╪з╪Я” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█Б╪з█М╪к ╪з█Б┘Е ╪│┘И╪з┘Д ╪з┘╣┌╛╪з█М╪з █Б█Т: ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪╡┘Д╪з╪н█М╪к┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┌Ж┌╛█Т ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Т ┌й┘И ┌й█М╪│█Т ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж█Т╪М ╪м╪и┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪о┘И╪п ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ╪│█Т ┘Ж╪з┘И╪з┘В┘Б █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т╪Я ╪з╪│ ╪│┘И╪з┘Д ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪п╪┤┘Ж╪з╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф █М█Б ╪│┘И╪з┘Д ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п█М╪к┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з╪│█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪┤┌й┘Д ┘╛█М╪┤ ╪в╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪и█М╪к 1:
╪╡┘Д╪з╪н ┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й╪м╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪▒╪з╪и ┌й╪м╪з╪Я
█М█Б ╪и█М╪к ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б╪п╪з█М╪к ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф “╪╡┘Д╪з╪н ┌й╪з╪▒” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и █Б█Т ┘И█Б ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Б ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б┘Д╪з╪н ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и█Б╪к╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з╪ж█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ “╪о╪▒╪з╪и” ╪│█Т ┘Е╪▒╪з╪п ┘И█Б ╪н╪з┘Д╪к █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌п┘Ж╪з█Б╪М ╪о╪╖╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и█Т ╪▒╪з█Б ╪▒┘И█М ┌й╪з ╪┤┌й╪з╪▒ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ┌й╪┤┘Е┌й╪┤ ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Т ┌й█М ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪о╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪з┌й╪з┘Е █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪╡╪н█М╪н ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪║┘Д╪╖ ┌й█Т ╪и█М┌Ж ┘╛┌╛┘Ж╪│ ┌Ж┌й╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪и█М╪к 2:
╪о┘П┘И╪п ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И┌║ ┘Е╪к╪┤╪з╪и█Б╪з╪к╪М ╪н█М╪▒╪к ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И┌║╪М ╪з┌п╪▒┌Ж█Б █Б╪▓╪з╪▒┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И┌║█Ф
█М█Б ╪и█М╪к ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ┌п┘Е╪▒╪з█Б█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪п█М ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪╣╪к╪▒╪з┘Б ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪о┘И╪п ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪и█Т ╪о╪и╪▒ █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б╪▓╪з╪▒┘И┌║ ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌п┘Е █Б█М┌║╪М ╪н╪з┘Д╪з┘Ж┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┘Е█М┌║ █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪и█М╪к 3:
┘Ж╪з╪▓┌й █Б█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к╪М ╪и╪з╪╖┘Ж█М ╪║┘Е┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Д╪м┌╛ ┌п╪ж█Т █Б█М┌║ █Б┘Е█Ф
╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з╪│ ╪и█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪╖┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п ╪║┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Д╪м┌╛┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Ж╪з╪▓┌й █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ┌й╪┤┘Е┌й╪┤ ┌й╪з ╪┤┌й╪з╪▒ █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒ ┌й┘И ┘Е╪┤┌й┘Д ╪и┘Ж╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

2. ╪╣╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ╪к┘Б╪│█М╪▒

╪║╪▓┘Д “╪╡┘Д╪з╪н ┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й╪м╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪▒╪з╪и ┌й╪м╪з╪Я” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й╪з ┘Е┌й┘Е┘Д ╪з╪п╪▒╪з┌й ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪╡╪н█М╪н ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Т ┌й╪з ╪з┘Ж╪к╪о╪з╪и ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪з┌й╪з┘Е █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪╣╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ “╪╡┘Д╪з╪н” ╪з┘И╪▒ “╪о╪▒╪з╪и█М” ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ┘Б╪▒┘В ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒╪к █Б█Т ╪к╪з┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж ╪│┌й█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ┌й█Б┘Ж╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪м╪и ╪к┌й ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒┘И┘Ж█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒╪│╪к ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з╪М ╪к╪и ╪к┌й ┘И█Б ╪з┘Д┘Д█Б ┌й█М █Б╪п╪з█М╪к ╪│█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ ╪▒█Б╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪║╪▓┘Д ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪п╪┤┘Ж╪з╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪з╪╡┘Д╪з╪н ┌й█М ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к┘И ╪з╪│█Т ┌й╪ж█М ╪з┘Д╪м┌╛┘Ж┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪┤┌й┘Д╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж╪з ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┘╛┌С╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

3. ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Ж┘Б╪│█М╪з╪к█М ╪к╪м╪▓█М█Б

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Ж┘Б╪│█М╪з╪к█М ╪м█Б╪к ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з╪│ ╪│┘И╪з┘Д ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Ж┘Б╪│█М╪з╪к█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ┌й╪│ ╪╖╪▒╪н ╪и█Т ╪о╪и╪▒ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ █М█Б ╪│┘И╪з┘Д ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ╪к┘Ж╪з┘В╪╢ ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

┘Ж┘Б╪│█М╪з╪к ┌й█Т ┘Ж┘В╪╖█Б ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪│█Т ╪и┌╛█М █М█Б ╪║╪▓┘Д ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ┌й╪┤┘Е┌й╪┤ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┌п┘Ж╪з█Б┘И┌║╪М ┘Ж╪з┌й╪з┘Е█М┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪░█Б┘Ж█М ╪з┘Ж╪к╪┤╪з╪▒ ╪│█Т ╪и╪з█Б╪▒ ┘Ж┌й┘Д┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪│┘И╪з┘Д ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪к╪╡╪з╪п┘Е ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

4. ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д “╪╡┘Д╪з╪н ┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й╪м╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪▒╪з╪и ┌й╪м╪з╪Я” ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ╪│█Т ┘Е╪┤╪з╪и█Б╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█М █Б█Т ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┌п┘Ж╪з█Б┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪и█М╪┤╪к╪▒ ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪з╪╡┘Д╪з╪н╪М ╪о┘И╪п ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪в┌п╪з█Б ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т ╪к╪з┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з┘Д┘Д█Б ┌й█М █Б╪п╪з█М╪к ┌й┘И ┘В╪и┘И┘Д ┌й╪▒ ╪│┌й█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪о╪▒╪з╪и█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒ ╪│┌й█Т█Ф

5. ┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪║╪▓┘Д “╪╡┘Д╪з╪н ┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й╪м╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪▒╪з╪и ┌й╪м╪з╪Я” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й┘И ╪з┘Ж╪к█Б╪з╪ж█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪и█Т ╪о╪и╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│┘И╪з┘Д╪з╪к ╪з┘╣┌╛╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з █М█Б ╪│┘И╪з┘Д ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪в┘╛ ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪з╪╡┘Д╪з╪н ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪к┘И╪м█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌п┘Ж╪з█Б ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪к╪з┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪╡╪н█М╪н ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Т ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘В╪п┘Е ╪и┌С┌╛╪з ╪│┌й█Т█Ф

█М█Б ╪║╪▓┘Д ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┘В█М┘Е╪к█М ╪н╪╡█Б █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪и┌╛█М ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪в┘╛ ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒╪з╪║╪и ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│╪з ┘И╪│█М┘Д█Б █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┌й█М ╪м╪з┘Ж╪и ┘В╪п┘Е ╪и┌С┌╛╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

Hafez’s Ghazal: “Salah Kar Kaha Aur Main Kharaab Kaha”

Hafez Shirazi’s ghazal “Salah Kar Kaha Aur Main Kharaab Kaha” is a profound and beautiful poem in which the poet expresses the spiritual and moral states of a human being with great wisdom and insight. In this ghazal, Hafez presents his philosophy of life, in which he reflects on human nature, its struggles, sins, and the possibility of repentance. This ghazal is a prominent example of his mystical poetry, where he beautifully portrays the inner world of man and his relationships.

Introduction to Hafez Shirazi

Hafez Shirazi, commonly known as “Hafez,” was a great Persian poet of the 14th century, considered one of the pillars of Iranian literature. His full name was Khwaja Shamsuddin Muhammad bin Bahauddin Hafez, and he was born around 1325 or 1335 CE in Shiraz, Iran. Hafez’s poetry was immensely popular not only in his time but also throughout the Persian-speaking world, and his ghazals are still widely admired today.

Hafez’s poetry covers a range of topics, including love, philosophy, ethics, and mysticism. His ghazals typically explore themes of beauty, divine love, and the deeper aspects of human nature. Much of Hafez’s work reflects his personal experiences, spiritual quest, and the social and political conditions of his time.

Mysticism and “Irfan” (gnosticism) are central elements of HafezтАЩs poetry, in which he opens up topics related to spiritual awakening and closeness to God. He was a high-ranking mystic, and his poetry often reflects the principles of the Qur’an and Islamic mysticism. Through his verses, Hafez inspires the reader to understand their connection with God, recognize the truth of their soul, and realize the importance of refraining from worldly pleasures.

1. Interpretation of the GhazalтАЩs Verses

In the ghazal “Salah Kar Kaha Aur Main Kharaab Kaha?” Hafez raises a crucial question: How can a person recognize their true potential and the right path when they are unaware of their own state? Through this question, Hafez highlights the human search for self-awareness and spiritual quest. This question exposes the limitations and spiritual weaknesses of human beings, making it difficult for them to recognize their true essence.

Verse 1: “Salah kar kaha aur main kharaab kaha?” This verse reflects human weakness and the search for guidance. “Salah kar” refers to the path that leads a person towards welfare and improvement, and “kharaab” refers to the state in which a person falls into sin, error, and corruption. Hafez highlights the inner conflict within humans, showing that they fail to recognize their true path and are caught between right and wrong.

Verse 2: “Khud mein hoon mutashabihat, hairat mein hoon, agarche hazaaron mein hoon.” This verse reveals the confusion within the human soul and the quest for self-realization. Hafez acknowledges that he, too, is unaware of his true essence and is lost among thousands of others, even though he is actually in search of the truth.

Verse 3: “Nazak hai dil ki haalat, baatini ghamon mein uljh gaye hain hum.” In this verse, Hafez speaks of the inner sorrow and confusion that a person experiences. The state of the heart is delicate, and humans are caught up in internal struggles, making their spiritual journey difficult.

2. Mystical Interpretation

In “Salah Kar Kaha Aur Main Kharaab Kaha?” Hafez underscores that humans do not have a full understanding of their state, and they fail to choose the right path. The contrast between “Salah” (right path) and “Kharaabi” (corruption) in Hafez’s mystical poetry points to the necessity for humans to recognize their spiritual state in order to reach their true essence. Hafez suggests that until one rectifies their inner condition, they remain far from divine guidance. This ghazal emphasizes the need for self-awareness and internal reform. Hafez also points out that when one seeks to understand their true self, they encounter confusion and difficulties.

3. Philosophical and Psychological Analysis

This ghazal also carries a philosophical and psychological dimension. Through this question, Hafez attempts to understand the psychological state of humans and how they remain unaware of their ultimate purpose and truth. Philosophically, this question reveals the contradiction between human nature and actions. From a psychological perspective, the ghazal depicts the internal struggle of a person who is trying to break free from sins, failures, and mental turmoil. This question reflects the inner turmoil and conflict within a person.

4. Connection to HafezтАЩs Other Poems

Hafez’s ghazal “Salah Kar Kaha Aur Main Kharaab Kaha?” resonates with many of his other verses, where he speaks of the human spiritual state, its sins, and its search. In most of Hafez’s ghazals, there is an emphasis on self-reformation, self-awareness, and spiritual growth. His poetry often aims to awaken the reader to the truth of their soul so that they can accept divine guidance and rid themselves of internal corruption.

5. Conclusion

In the ghazal “Salah Kar Kaha Aur Main Kharaab Kaha?”, Hafez beautifully and wisely reflects on the spiritual state of humans. Through this ghazal, he raises questions about human ignorance and the search for truth. HafezтАЩs question serves as a prompt for humans to recognize themselves and focus on their inner reform. Through this ghazal, Hafez not only explores the human quest and the reality of sin but also conveys that a person should always strive to understand their inner reality in order to move toward the right path.

This ghazal is not only a valuable part of Hafez’s poetry but also a spiritual message that continues to inspire people today to recognize themselves and understand their truth. HafezтАЩs poetry serves as a medium through which a person can take steps toward spiritual growth.

╪║╪▓┘Д ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕: “╪з┌п╪▒ ╪в┘Ж ╪к╪▒┌й ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ╪и┘З ╪п╪│╪к ╪в╪▒╪п ╪п┘Д ┘Е╪з╪▒╪з

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д “╪з┌п╪▒ ╪в┘Ж ╪к╪▒┌й ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ╪и┘З ╪п╪│╪к ╪в╪▒╪п ╪п┘Д ┘Е╪з╪▒╪з” ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪┤╪з█Б┌й╪з╪▒ ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪║╪▓┘Д ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪╣╪╕┘Е╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪┤┘В╪з┘Ж█Б ╪о█М╪з┘Д╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ┘Е┘Ж┘Б╪▒╪п ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к╪М ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┌Ж╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪и█М╪з┌║ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪з ┘╛┘И╪▒╪з ┘Ж╪з┘Е ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪┤┘Е╪│ ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ┘Е╪н┘Е╪п ╪и┘Ж ╪и█Б╪з╪б ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ┘И█Б 1325 █М╪з 1335 ╪╣█М╪│┘И█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓╪М ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪п╪з █Б┘И╪ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪к╪▒█М┘Ж ╪░╪о█М╪▒█Т ┌й╪з ╪н╪╡█Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й┘И ┘Е╪к╪з╪л╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д█М┌║ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛┌С┌╛█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪│┘Ж╪п ┌й█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪и┘Ж█М╪з╪п█М ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ ╪╣╪┤┘В╪М ╪╣╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж╪М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к█М┌║ █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Е█М┘В ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й╪з ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ┘╛╪з█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з╪╣┘Д█М┘░ ╪п╪▒╪м█Т ┌й█Т ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б ╪к┌╛█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒█М╪з┌║╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┘Е┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒╪з┘Ж█Б ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪и┌╛█М ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪░╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┘╛╪▒ ╪║┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪п╪╣┘И╪к ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ┘╛╪│ ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒

╪║╪▓┘Д “╪з┌п╪▒ ╪в┘Ж ╪к╪▒┌й ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ╪и┘З ╪п╪│╪к ╪в╪▒╪п ╪п┘Д ┘Е╪з╪▒╪з” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪п┘Д┘Ж╪┤█М┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к█М ╪к╪╡┘И█М╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪▒┌й ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й█Т ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪│█Т ╪к╪│╪о█М╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ┘Е╪▒┌й╪▓█М ╪о█М╪з┘Д ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪н╪│╪з╪│ █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к█М╪М ╪о┘И╪з╪и┘И┌║ ┌й█М ┘Е╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪п ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┌й┌╛╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ┘Е╪│┌й╪▒╪з█Б┘╣ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н╪│┘Ж ╪п┘Д ┌й┘И ┌й█М╪│█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж╪з ╪┤┌й╪з╪▒ ╪и┘Ж╪з ┘Д█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

1. ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ┘╛█Б┘Д╪з ╪┤╪╣╪▒:

“╪з┌п╪▒ ╪в┘Ж ╪к╪▒┌й ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ╪и┘З ╪п╪│╪к ╪в╪▒╪п ╪п┘Д ┘Е╪з╪▒╪з

█М█Б ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ╪в╪║╪з╪▓ █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪к╪▒┌й ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й█Т ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘Д┘Б╪╕ “╪к╪▒┌й” ╪з█М┌й ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪з╪░╪и ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ “╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М” ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓ ┌й█М ╪┤█Б╪▒█Б ╪в┘Б╪з┘В ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪к╪╣╪▒█М┘Б ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ╪м┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪п┘Д┌й╪┤█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█Т ╪│╪и╪и ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪п┘Д ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┌й┌╛█М┘Ж┌Ж ┘Д█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

█М█Б ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪з┘Ж╪к█Б╪з╪ж█М ╪п┘Д╪в┘И█М╪▓█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┌п╪▒ ┘И█Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й╪│█М ┌й█Т █Б╪з╪к┌╛ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ╪п┘Д ╪п█Т ╪п█Т ╪к┘И ┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ╪п┘Д ┌й┘И ╪в╪▒╪з┘Е ╪│█Т ┘Б╪к╪н ┌й╪▒ ┘Д█Т ┌п╪з█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒╪к╪з┘Л ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪м╪и ┌й┘И╪ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪╢ ┘Е╪│┌й╪▒╪з█Б┘╣ █М╪з ┘Ж╪▒┌п╪│█М╪к ╪│█Т ╪п┘Д ┘╛╪▒ ╪к╪│┘Д╪╖ ┘В╪з╪ж┘Е ┌й╪▒█Т ╪к┘И ┘И█Б ┘╛┘И╪▒█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪з╪ж┘Д ┌й╪▒ ┘Д█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

2. ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ╪п┘И╪│╪▒╪з ╪┤╪╣╪▒:

“╪║┘Е ╪п┘Д ┌й█Т ┘И╪з╪│╪╖█Т ┘╛█М╪п╪з ┌й█М╪з ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И

╪з╪│ ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Ж┘В╪╖█Б ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪│█Т ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ┘И█Б ┌й█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪п╪з ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к╪з┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪║┘Е ┌й┘И ╪│█Б ╪│┌й█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж╪з ┌й╪▒█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о┘И╪┤█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪║┘Е ╪п┘И┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪к╪м╪▒╪и█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й█Т ╪и╪п┘Д█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪│█Т ╪м┌С╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪║┘Е ╪п┘Д ┌й█Т ╪з╪н╪│╪з╪│╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪║┘Е ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ╪и┌С┌╛╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б ╪║┘Е █Б█М █Б█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪╡╪н█М╪н ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪п╪п ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

3. ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ╪к█М╪│╪▒╪з ╪┤╪╣╪▒:

“╪┤█М╪┤█Б ╪п┘Д ┌й┘И ╪к┘И┌С ┌й╪▒ ╪п┘Д ┌й╪з ╪│┌Ж╪з ╪▒╪з╪▓

╪з╪│ ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з█М┌й ╪и┘Д█М╪║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╕╪▒█М┘Б ╪╖╪▒█М┘В█Т ╪│█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█Т ╪▒╪з╪▓ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪┤█М╪┤█Б ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪к╪┤╪и█М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ┘Д╪╖╪з┘Б╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪и╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┘Ж╪з╪▓┌й ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒ █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й █М█Б ╪▒╪з╪▓ ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ┌й┌╛┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й┘И ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█Т █Б╪з╪к┌╛┘И┌║ ╪к┘И┌С┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪м╪▒╪з╪к ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т █Б╪з╪к┌╛┘И┌║ ╪п┘Д ┌й╪з ╪к┘И┌С┘Ж╪з ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪░╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

█М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з┘Ж╪к█Б╪з╪ж█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ╪к╪┤╪и█М█Б █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪п┘Д ┌й█Т ╪м┌С╪з╪д ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘╣┌╛╪з╪│ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪┤█М╪┤█Б ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┘╣┘И┘╣ ┘╛┌╛┘И┘╣ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к█М ╪з╪▒╪к┘В╪з╪б ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

4. ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ┌Ж┘И╪к┌╛╪з ╪┤╪╣╪▒:

“█Б╪▓╪з╪▒┘И┌║ ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌п┘Е █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М █Б┘Е ╪к┘Е╪з╪┤╪з╪ж█М █Б█М┌║

╪з╪│ ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪з┘Ж╪к█Б╪з╪ж█М ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╣┘Ж█М ╪о█М╪▓ ╪к╪╡┘И╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ┌й█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б █Б┘Е ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ █Б╪▓╪з╪▒┘И┌║ ╪з╪н╪│╪з╪│╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪п┘Б┘Ж ┌й╪▒ ┘Д█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ┘╛┌╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М █Б┘Е ╪з█М┌й ╪к┘Е╪з╪┤╪з╪ж█М ╪и┘Ж ┌й╪▒ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪п█М┌й┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

█М█Б ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪м╪п┘И╪м█Б╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ┌й█Б┘Ж╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ┌й┘И ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ┘И█Б ┘╛┌╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪к┘Е╪з╪┤╪з╪ж█М ╪и┘Ж ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪и█Т ╪и╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪п ┌й┘И ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

5. ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ┘╛╪з█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к█М ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┌п█Б╪▒█М ┘Е╪╣┘Ж┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ╪и┌╛╪▒┘╛┘И╪▒ █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ╪м┌╛╪з┘Ж┌й┘Ж█Т╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█Т ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┘В╪з╪ж┘Е ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪п╪╣┘И╪к ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ╪к╪╡┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪з╪п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪н╪│┘Ж ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪п█М┌й┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛┘И╪┤█М╪п█Б ╪│┌Ж╪з╪ж█М ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

6. ┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪║╪▓┘Д “╪з┌п╪▒ ╪в┘Ж ╪к╪▒┌й ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ╪и┘З ╪п╪│╪к ╪в╪▒╪п ╪п┘Д ┘Е╪з╪▒╪з” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к╪М ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з┘Ж╪к█Б╪з╪ж█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪░█Б╪з┘Ж╪к ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ╪к╪╡┘И█М╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ┘Е╪│┌й╪▒╪з█Б┘╣╪М ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┘Д╪╖╪з┘Б╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪м╪п┘И╪м█Б╪п ┌й┘И ┘Е┘Д╪з█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М █М█Б ╪║╪▓┘Д ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒╪з┘Ж█Б ┌й┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪л╪з┘Д █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪и┌╛█М ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М █Б┘Е╪з╪▒█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┌Ж┌╛┘И ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪п╪╣┘И╪к ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█Т ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪н╪│╪з╪│╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪║╪▓┘Д █Б┘Е█М┌║ █М╪з╪п ╪п┘Д╪з╪к█М █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й╪з ┘Ж╪з┘Е █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Е╪к╪▒╪з╪п┘Б █Б█Т█Ф

Hafez’s Ghazal: “If That Shirazi Turk Takes My Heart in Hand”

Hafez Shirazi’s ghazal “If That Shirazi Turk Takes My Heart in Hand” is considered a masterpiece of Persian literature. This ghazal beautifully expresses HafezтАЩs thoughts on love, the greatness of the beloved, and presents a beautiful blend of his mystical, philosophical, and romantic ideas. Through this ghazal, Hafez not only highlights the unique characteristics of his poetry but also reveals human emotions, the state of the heart, and spiritual truths.

Introduction to Hafez Shirazi

Hafez Shirazi’s full name was Khwaja Shamsuddin Muhammad bin Bahauddin Hafez. He was born around 1325 or 1335 CE in Shiraz, Iran, and his works are an integral part of the greatest collections of Persian literature. Hafez’s poetry not only influenced Iranian literature but his ghazals are still widely read and loved around the world today. The central themes of Hafez’s poetry include love, mysticism, Sufism, and the realities of life.

HafezтАЩs poetry is marked by profound philosophy and spirituality. He was a high-ranking mystic, and his poetry often reflects divine love, human weaknesses, and the internal states of the heart. Hafez’s ghazals are not merely poetic beauties but also carry a spiritual message. His work invites people to reflect on their own nature and their connection with God.

Background of the Ghazal

In the ghazal “If That Shirazi Turk Takes My Heart in Hand,” Hafez presents a captivating and emotional image. The ghazal speaks of the beautiful beloved from Shiraz, who captivates HafezтАЩs heart with their love. The central idea of this ghazal is love, the state of the heart, and the feeling of closeness to the beloved. Hafez paints an emotional, dreamlike scenario where the smile and beauty of the beloved win over the heart.

1. First Verse of the Ghazal: “If that Shirazi Turk takes my heart in hand” This verse marks the beginning of the ghazal, where Hafez refers to the beautiful beloved from Shiraz. The word “Turk” symbolizes a charming and alluring personality, while “Shirazi” evokes the famous culture and beauty of Shiraz. In this line, Hafez is praising the beloved, whose attractiveness and beauty draw his heart toward them.

This verse essentially describes the intensity of the belovedтАЩs charm and beauty, suggesting that if this beloved were to take HafezтАЩs heart in hand, they would easily conquer it. The line subtly implies that when a beloved captures the heart with a mere smile or narcissistic allure, they gain complete control over it.

2. Second Verse of the Ghazal: “Man was created for the sorrow of the heart” In this verse, Hafez speaks from a deep philosophical perspective. He says that humans were created with the heart’s state, so they could endure sorrow and face their fate. It is a reality that humans experience both happiness and sorrow in life, and this is meant to help them understand their true essence.

Hafez suggests that the state of the heart connects a person with their beloved. The sorrow of the heart signifies the intensity of feelings and emotions and emphasizes their importance. The sorrows of life deepen the human personality and spirit, and it is through these sorrows that a person reaches the true reality of love.

3. Third Verse of the Ghazal: “Breaking the glass heart reveals the true secret of the heart” In this verse, Hafez cleverly and delicately speaks of the secret of the heart. The metaphor of the “glass heart” represents the fragility and delicacy of human emotions and soul. According to Hafez, this secret is only revealed when a person dares to break their heart with the hands of love. Breaking the heart in the hands of the beloved symbolizes a spiritual truth, where a person reaches the depths of their heart and acknowledges their true self.

This is an extremely beautiful metaphor that describes the connection and sweetness of the human heart. Hafez uses the breaking of the glass heart to represent the internal and emotional evolution of a person.

4. Fourth Verse of the Ghazal: “Even lost in thousands of hearts, we are still spectators” In this verse, Hafez presents a subtle and profound concept. He says that while we bury thousands of emotions deep within our hearts, we remain spectators of the manifestations of life.

This verse describes the internal struggle of a person and their quest for truth. Hafez suggests that while a person feels the intensity of emotions in their heart, they remain merely observers of life. This reflects the helplessness of humans and their struggle to accept their own reality.

5. Philosophy of HafezтАЩs Poetry

HafezтАЩs poetry carries a special sense of spirituality and philosophy. His ghazals are not just emotional; they are deeply meaningful. HafezтАЩs work invites humans to look within themselves, understand the profound meaning of love, and establish a connection with God.

For Hafez, the concept of love is not merely physical and material but represents a spiritual connection, where a person sees their beloved not only as a physical beauty but as a spiritual reality. In his poetry, the meaning of love is portrayed as divine love and the hidden truth within the heart of humanity.

6. Conclusion

In the ghazal “If That Shirazi Turk Takes My Heart in Hand,” Hafez beautifully and intelligently describes the truth of love, the state of the heart, and human emotions. Through this ghazal, he presents an image where the belovedтАЩs smile, the delicacy of the heart, and the internal struggle of the human soul are intertwined. This ghazal is not only an example of his poetic excellence but also conveys a mystical message that still touches our hearts today.

HafezтАЩs poetry invites people to understand their true selves and awakens the emotions and feelings hidden within their hearts. This ghazal reminds us that love is not only a physical but a spiritual connection, and understanding its truth is equivalent to reaching the depths of the human heart.

╪║╪▓┘Д ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕: “╪╡╪и╪з ╪и┘З ┘Д╪╖┘Б ╪и┌п┘И ╪в┘Ж ╪║╪▓╪з┘Д ╪▒╪╣┘Ж╪з ╪▒╪з

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д “╪╡╪и╪з ╪и┘З ┘Д╪╖┘Б ╪и┌п┘И ╪в┘Ж ╪║╪▓╪з┘Д ╪▒╪╣┘Ж╪з ╪▒╪з” ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Д┌й╪┤ ┘Е╪л╪з┘Д █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪║╪▓┘Д ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪╣╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪┤┘В╪з┘Ж█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪п┘Д┌й╪┤█М╪М ╪н╪│┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪м╪з╪░╪и█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б┘И╪ж█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ┌Ж┌╛┘И╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪п┘Д ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪з╪ж┘Д ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б█М┌║ ╪п┘И╪│╪▒█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М █М█Б ╪║╪▓┘Д ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒╪н ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д█М╪з╪к█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к█М ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ╪│█Т ╪и┌╛╪▒┘╛┘И╪▒ █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪╣╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪и┌╛█М ┌Ж┌╛┘╛╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М╪М ╪м┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪╣╪▒┘Б ╪╣╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ “╪н╪з┘Б╪╕” ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪з┘Е ╪│█Т ╪м╪з┘Ж╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М 14┘И█М┌║ ╪╡╪п█М ┌й█Т ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т ╪м┘И ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪│╪к┘И┘Ж ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛█Т ╪м╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘╛┘И╪▒╪з ┘Ж╪з┘Е ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪┤┘Е╪│ ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ┘Е╪н┘Е╪п ╪и┘Ж ╪и█Б╪з╪б ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪к┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪п╪з █Б┘И╪ж█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┌И╪з┘Д╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д█М┌║ ┘╛┘И╪▒█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪и┘И┘Д┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█Т ╪╣┘Д╪з┘В█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪╣╪▒┘И┘Б █Б┘И╪ж█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛┌С┌╛█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪│┘Ж╪п ┌й█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘Ж┘Б╪▒╪п ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м █Б█Т╪Ы ┘И█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪н╪│┘Ж╪М ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д╪М ╪╣╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж╪М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ┌й┘И ╪и┌С█Т ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒ ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪п ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪│█М ┌й┘И ╪и┌С█Т ╪и┘Д█М╪║ ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ╪│█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪з╪╕█Б╪з╪▒ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ┌й╪з ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ┘╛╪│ ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒

╪║╪▓┘Д “╪╡╪и╪з ╪и┘З ┘Д╪╖┘Б ╪и┌п┘И ╪в┘Ж ╪║╪▓╪з┘Д ╪▒╪╣┘Ж╪з ╪▒╪з” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪п┘Д┌й╪┤█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘Ж╪к█Б╪з╪ж█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪│█Т ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╡╪и╪з (█Б┘И╪з) ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ┘В╪п╪▒ ╪п┘Д┌й╪┤ ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪н╪│┘Ж ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж┘Ж╪п█Б ╪и┘Ж ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ┌й█М ╪к╪╣╪▒█М┘Б ┌й█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е╪│┌й╪▒╪з█Б┘╣ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪з╪░╪и█М╪к ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й┘И ╪к╪│╪о█М╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

1. ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ┘╛█Б┘Д╪з ╪┤╪╣╪▒:

“╪╡╪и╪з ╪и┘З ┘Д╪╖┘Б ╪и┌п┘И ╪в┘Ж ╪║╪▓╪з┘Д ╪▒╪╣┘Ж╪з ╪▒╪з

╪з╪│ ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т “╪╡╪и╪з” (█Б┘И╪з) ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪▒╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘И ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪к┌й ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й╪з ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф “╪╡╪и╪з” ╪╣╪▒╪и█М ┘Д┘Б╪╕ █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и █Б█Т ┘Ж╪▒┘Е █Б┘И╪з╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┌й╪л╪▒ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪к╪│┌й█М┘Ж╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪╡╪и╪з ╪│█Т ╪п╪▒╪о┘И╪з╪│╪к ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪к┌й █М█Б ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з╪ж█Т╪М “╪в┘Ж ╪║╪▓╪з┘Д ╪▒╪╣┘Ж╪з” ╪│█Т ┘Е╪▒╪з╪п ╪з█М┌й ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪з╪░╪и ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б╪з┌║ “╪║╪▓╪з┘Д” ┌й╪з ┘Д┘Б╪╕ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪┤╪и█М█Б ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪▒┘Е ┘И ┘Ж╪з╪▓┌й ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Д┌й╪┤ ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т█Ф

╪║╪▓╪з┘Д ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ╪з╪│╪к╪╣╪з╪▒█Б █Б█Т ╪м┘И ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪│ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣╪з╪▒█Т ┌й┘И ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪и┌С┌╛╪з ┌Ж┌С┌╛╪з ┌й╪▒ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤ █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪╡╪и╪з ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪к┌й ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з╪ж█Т█Ф

2. ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ╪п┘И╪│╪▒╪з ╪┤╪╣╪▒:

“┌й┘З ┘Е┘Ж ╪з╪▓ ╪п╪│╪к ╪з┘И ╪и┘З ┘Б╪║╪з┘Ж ╪в┘Е╪п┘Е

╪з╪│ ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪╖┘Б█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ┘И█Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ╪│█Т ┘╛╪▒█М╪┤╪з┘Ж █Б█М┌║█Ф “┘Б╪║╪з┘Ж ╪в┘Е╪п┘Е” ╪│█Т ┘Е╪▒╪з╪п █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ╪│█Т ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ╪и█Т ┘В╪з╪и┘И █Б┘И ┌Ж┌й█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪╕█Б╪з╪▒ ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪н╪п ╪к┌й ┘╛╪▒█М╪┤╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪и█Т ╪з╪о╪к█М╪з╪▒ █Б┘И ┌п╪ж█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╖┘И┘Б╪з┘Ж ╪в ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

█М█Б╪з┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т “┘Б╪║╪з┘Ж” ┌й╪з ┘Д┘Б╪╕ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪п╪▒╪п╪М ╪з╪░█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪п┘Д ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┌И┘И╪и ╪▒█Б╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к┘И ╪п┘И╪│╪▒█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б █М█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪м╪и ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ┌й┘И ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к┘И ┘И█Б ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ┘Б┌й╪▒█М ┘И ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘Д╪м┌╛┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪┤┌й╪з╪▒ █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

3. ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ╪к█М╪│╪▒╪з ╪┤╪╣╪▒:

“╪и┘З ╪│╪▒┘Е ╪▒┘Б╪к ┘И ╪о┘И╪п ╪▒╪з ╪з╪▓ ╪п╪│╪к ╪п╪з╪п┘Е

█М█Б ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ┌й╪┤┘Е┌й╪┤ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌п┘Е╪▒╪з█Б█М ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ┌й█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█Т ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪п┘Е╪з╪║ ╪║╪з╪ж╪и █Б┘И ┌Ж┌й╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪о┘И╪п ┌й┘И ┌й┌╛┘И ╪и█М┘╣┌╛█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ “╪о┘И╪п ╪▒╪з ╪з╪▓ ╪п╪│╪к ╪п╪з╪п┘Е” ╪│█Т ┘Е╪▒╪з╪п █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪╣┘В┘Д╪М █Б┘И╪┤ ┘И ╪н┘И╪з╪│ ┌й┘И ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┌й┘Е┘Д ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┌п┘Е ┌й╪▒ ╪и█М┘╣┌╛█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪м╪и ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┌И┘И╪и╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪к┘И ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛┘И┘Д ┌й╪▒ ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н┘И █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

4. ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ┌Ж┘И╪к┌╛╪з ╪┤╪╣╪▒:

“┌п┘Б╪к┘Е ╪и┘З ╪к┘И ┌й┘З ┘З┘Е┌Ж┘И ╪к┘И ╪и╪з╪┤┘Е

╪з╪│ ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ┘И█Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪│█Т ┌й█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒╪н ╪и┘Ж┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒╪н ╪и█Т ╪о┘И╪п╪М ╪и█Т ╪з╪о╪к█М╪з╪▒╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┌й┘Е┘Д ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┌И┘И╪и█Т █Б┘И╪ж█Т█Ф █М█Б╪з┌║ “╪и╪з╪┤┘Е” ┌й╪з ┘Д┘Б╪╕ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪░╪з╪к ┌й┘И ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪▒┘Ж┌п ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘Ж┌п┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪в╪▒╪▓┘И ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

5. ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ┘╛╪з█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ╪и╪з╪к ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й█М ╪м╪з╪к█М╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й╪з ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒█М ╪н╪│┘Ж ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪и┌╛█М ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█М █Б┘И╪ж█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о┘И╪п ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ╪и┌╛█М █Б█Т ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к█М ┌й╪┤┘Е┌й╪┤ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┌╛╪з┘Ж┌й┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪п╪╣┘И╪к ╪п█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т █Б╪з┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒ █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

6. ┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪║╪▓┘Д “╪╡╪и╪з ╪и┘З ┘Д╪╖┘Б ╪и┌п┘И ╪в┘Ж ╪║╪▓╪з┘Д ╪▒╪╣┘Ж╪з ╪▒╪з” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┌╛╪з┘Ж┌й┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪п╪╣┘И╪к ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М █М█Б ╪║╪▓┘Д ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┘В█М┘Е╪к█М ╪н╪╡█Б █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪и┌╛█М ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М █Б┘Е╪з╪▒█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┌Ж┌╛┘И ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И╪з╪╢╪н ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪║╪▓┘Д ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М ╪к╪╣╪▒█М┘Б ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ╪│█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й╪з ┘╛┘И╪▒╪з ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж█Т ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

Hafez’s Ghazal: “Saba Be Lutf Bego Aan Ghazal-e-Ra’na Ra”

Hafez ShiraziтАЩs ghazal “Saba Be Lutf Bego Aan Ghazal-e-Ra’na Ra” is a beautiful and captivating example of his poetry. This ghazal represents Hafez’s mystical and romantic poetry, where the poet describes the charm, beauty, and allure of the beloved while touching on spiritual truths as well. In this ghazal, on one hand, the poetтАЩs heart appears drawn toward the beloved, while on the other hand, the inner state of the human soul and its spiritual quest are also portrayed. Like many of his other ghazals, HafezтАЩs poem is not only rich in aesthetic and emotional effects but also contains a deep mystical and philosophical message.

Introduction to Hafez Shirazi

Hafez Shirazi, commonly known as “Hafez,” was a great Persian poet of the 14th century, regarded as one of the pillars of Iranian literature. His full name was Khwaja Shamsuddin Muhammad bin Bahauddin Hafez, and he was born in Shiraz. Hafez’s poetry has had a profound impact on Iranian literature, and his ghazals became famous throughout the Persian-speaking world, continuing to be read and appreciated globally to this day.

HafezтАЩs poetry has a unique blend; he masterfully presents love, beauty, aesthetics, mysticism, Sufism, and philosophy. His ghazals express the state of the heart, the intensity of love, and the deep journey of the human soul. Hafez’s work eloquently portrays the truth of love and human self-awareness, reflecting not only worldly expressions of love but also messages about divine love and spiritual awakening.

Background of the Ghazal

In the ghazal “Saba Be Lutf Bego Aan Ghazal-e-Ra’na Ra,” Hafez describes the charm and beauty of his beloved with great elegance. The ghazal employs the metaphor of “Saba” (the wind) to convey messages about the beloved, and the poet presents the beauty of the beloved in such a way that it represents not just physical beauty, but also a spiritual one. In this ghazal, Hafez praises the beauty of the beloved who occupies a special place in the poet’s heart, capturing his heart with their smile and charm.

1. First Verse of the Ghazal: “Saba be lutf bego aan ghazal-e-ra’na ra” In this verse, Hafez uses “Saba” (the wind) as a messenger to deliver a message to the beloved. “Saba” is an Arabic word meaning gentle wind, often portrayed in Persian poetry as a symbol of love, comfort, and a beautiful message. Hafez is asking the wind to carry his message to the beloved, referring to them as “the graceful gazelle.” The word “gazelle” is a popular and beautiful metaphor used in Persian poetry to describe the beloved’s physical beauty, symbolizing a delicate, tender, and captivating heart.

The mention of “gazelle” is a famous and beautiful metaphor used in Persian poetry to describe the physical beauty of the beloved. Hafez uses this metaphor to enhance the description of the beloved’s beauty. The poetтАЩs desire is that the wind conveys his emotions and feelings to the beloved.

2. Second Verse of the Ghazal: “Ke man az dast-e-oo be fagh─Бn ─Бmdam” In this verse, Hafez expresses an emotional state where he is troubled by the effects of the belovedтАЩs beauty. “Fagh─Бn ─Бmdam” refers to the poet being overwhelmed and distressed by the intensity of the beloved’s beauty. Hafez is conveying that the overwhelming beauty of the beloved has disturbed him to such an extent that he is now helpless and his soul is in turmoil.

Here, Hafez uses the word “fagh─Бn” to represent pain, agony, and restlessness. On one hand, the poetтАЩs heart is submerged in the intensity of the beloved’s beauty, and on the other hand, this also indicates that when a person experiences the intensity of love, they become internally conflicted and spiritually disoriented.

3. Third Verse of the Ghazal: “Be saram raft o khod ra az dast d─Бdam” This verse reflects HafezтАЩs inner turmoil and confusion. He says that in the face of the belovedтАЩs beauty, his mind has disappeared, and he has lost himself. The phrase “khod ra az dast d─Бdam” implies that the poet has completely lost his mind, reason, and awareness in the beloved’s love. Hafez is describing that when a person falls deeply in love, they forget their own identity and become completely absorbed in the beloved’s love.

4. Fourth Verse of the Ghazal: “Goftam be to ke hamcho to basham” In this verse, Hafez expresses his deepest wish. He tells the beloved that he desires to become like themтАФlost, helpless, and completely immersed in love. The word “basham” reflects the poetтАЩs wish to transform himself into the belovedтАЩs likeness, to be absorbed in the belovedтАЩs state of being.

5. Philosophy of HafezтАЩs Poetry

Hafez’s poetry contains a distinct sense of spirituality and philosophy. In his ghazals, he does not simply speak of physical beauty, but also hints at a deeper spiritual truth. For Hafez, the beauty of the beloved is not just outward appearance but also embodies a spiritual reality, guiding a person toward self-awareness and the truth of God.

HafezтАЩs poetry has a philosophical dimension, where he describes the inner states of human beings and their emotional struggles. His ghazals invite individuals to understand their true essence and look within their hearts. For Hafez, love is a spiritual journey through which a person discovers their true self.

6. Conclusion

In the ghazal “Saba Be Lutf Bego Aan Ghazal-e-Ra’na Ra,” Hafez presents the belovedтАЩs beauty not only as a physical attribute but also as a symbol of a deeper spiritual truth. Through this ghazal, Hafez invites people to look within their hearts and understand the essence of love. This ghazal is not only a valuable part of Hafez’s poetry but also conveys a spiritual message that continues to touch our hearts today.

HafezтАЩs poetry beautifully combines love and mysticism, which is clearly evident in this ghazal. The poem not only praises the beauty of the beloved but also points to a deeper spiritual reality, revealing a complete view of human nature and its relationships.

“┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ┘И ┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж ╪п╪▒╪│╪к ╪з╪▓ ┘Е┘Ж ┘Е╪│╪к ╪║╪▓┘Д ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕:

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪╣┘Е┘И┘Е╪з┘Л ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪┤┘В╪з┘Ж█Б ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ┘Е╪м┘Е┘И╪╣█Б █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф “┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ┘И ┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж ╪п╪▒╪│╪к ╪з╪▓ ┘Е┘Ж ┘Е╪│╪к” ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ┌Ж┌╛┘╛╪з █Б┘И╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ┘И╪╢╪з╪н╪к ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И╪╣╪п█Т ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ╪к┌й ╪│┌Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪│╪к ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И ╪│┌й╪к█Т ╪м╪и ╪к┌й ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘╛┘И╪▒█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ┘Е╪│╪к█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪║╪▒┘В ┘Ж█Б █Б┘И█Ф

╪з╪│ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Д█Т ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘Е ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й╪з ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪к╪м╪▓█М█Б ┌й╪▒█М┌║ ┌п█Т╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛█М┌║ ┌п█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е╪╣╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛╪▒ ╪║┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒█М┌║ ┌п█Т█Ф

┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ┘И ┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж ╪п╪▒╪│╪к ╪з╪▓ ┘Е┘Ж ┘Е╪│╪к” ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е

┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ┌й╪з ╪к╪▒╪м┘Е█Б █Б█Т: “┘Е█М╪▒█Т ┘Е╪│╪к █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣█Б╪п ╪п╪▒╪│╪к █Б█М┌║█Ф” ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т “┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и” █М╪╣┘Ж█М ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п █М╪з ┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и ┌й┘И╪М “╪╖╪з╪╣╪к” █М╪╣┘Ж█М ╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪к █М╪з ┘Б╪▒┘Е╪з┘Ж╪и╪▒╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ “┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж” █М╪╣┘Ж█М ┘И╪╣╪п█Т █М╪з ╪╣█Б╪п ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘Д┘Б╪╕ “┘Е╪│╪к” ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Д┘Б╪╕ █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и █Б█Т ┘Е╪│╪к╪М ┘Ж╪┤█Т ┘Е█М┌║ █М╪з ┘Е╪п█Б┘И╪┤ ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И┘Ж╪з╪М █М╪╣┘Ж█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪м╪и ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н┘И █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б┘И╪┤ ┘И ╪н┘И╪з╪│ ╪│█Т ╪и█М┌п╪з┘Ж█Б █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б╪з┌║ “┘Е╪│╪к” ╪│█Т ┘Е╪▒╪з╪п ┘И█Б ╪┤╪о╪╡ █Б█Т ╪м┘И ┘Е╪н╪и╪к █М╪з ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪┤█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪║╪▒┘В █Б┘И ┌Ж┌й╪з █Б┘И█Ф

1. “┘Е╪│╪к” ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪┤╪▒█М╪н

┌й╪│█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з “┘Е╪│╪к” █Б┘И┘Ж╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж╪┤█Б █М╪з ╪│╪▒┘И╪▒ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ╪з╪н╪│╪з╪│ ╪│█Т ┘Е╪│╪к █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з╪│ ╪╖╪▒╪н ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к┘И ┘И█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ╪к┘Е╪з┘Е ┘Е╪╣╪з┘Е┘Д╪з╪к ╪│█Т ╪и█Т ┘╛╪▒┘И╪з█Б █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и █М╪з ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н┘И █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б╪з┌║ █М█Б█М ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к █М╪з ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┌й┘Е┘Д ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪║╪▒┘В █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к╪и █Б█М ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И╪╣╪п█Т ╪│┌Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪│╪к █Б┘И╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

█М╪╣┘Ж█М ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ┌й█Б┘Ж╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т █Б┘И╪┤ ┘И ╪н┘И╪з╪│ ╪│█Т ╪и╪з█Б╪▒ ┘Ж┌й┘Д ┌й╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к █М╪з ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪┤█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н┘И █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к╪и █Б█М ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘И╪╣╪п┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪п┘Д ╪│█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘Д┘И╪╡ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘╛┘И╪▒╪з ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к (╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪к) ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж (┘И╪╣╪п█Т) ╪к╪и┌╛█М ╪п╪▒╪│╪к █Б┘И╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪м╪и ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪│╪к █Б┘И█Ф

2. ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е

“╪╖╪з╪╣╪к” ╪│█Т ┘Е╪▒╪з╪п ┘И█Б ╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪к █М╪з ┘Б╪▒┘Е╪з┘Ж╪и╪▒╪п╪з╪▒█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и █М╪з ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж█Т ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф “┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж” █М╪з ╪╣█Б╪п ╪│█Т ┘Е╪▒╪з╪п ┘И█Б ┘И╪╣╪п█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и █М╪з ┌й╪│█М ╪п┘И╪│╪▒█Т ╪┤╪о╪╡ ╪│█Т ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й█Б█Б ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ╪│╪и ┌Ж█М╪▓┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘Е┌й┘Е┘Д ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И ╪│┌й╪к╪з ╪м╪и ╪к┌й ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┘В╪п╪▒ ┘Е╪н┘И ┘Ж█Б █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪ж█Т ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪к┘Е╪з┘Е ┘И╪╣╪п┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪│┌Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ╪│█Т ┘╛┘И╪▒╪з ┌й╪▒█Т█Ф ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪╣┘Е┘Д ╪к╪и┌╛█М ╪│┌Ж╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪│╪к █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ╪│█Т █М█Б ┘Ж┌й┘Д╪к╪з █Б┘И█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к (╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪к) ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж (┘И╪╣╪п█Т) ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒█М ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪м╪и ╪к┌й ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ┘И ╪п┘Е╪з╪║ ┘Е█М┌║ █М┌й╪│┘И ┘Ж█Б █Б┘И╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘И╪╣╪п█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪з╪к ╪и┌╛█М ╪│┌Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И ╪│┌й╪к█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪│┌Ж█М ╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И╪╣╪п┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪к┌й┘Е█М┘Д ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к █Б█М █Б┘И ╪│┌й╪к█М █Б█Т ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┌й┘Е┘Д ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪о┘Д╪╡ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н┘И █Б┘И█Ф

3. ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ “┘Е╪│╪к” ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ “┘Е╪│╪к” ┌й╪з ┘Д┘Б╪╕ ╪з┌й╪л╪▒ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б ┘Д┘Б╪╕ ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ╪к╪╡┘И╪▒ “┘Е╪│╪к” ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й█Т ╪н┘И╪з┘Д█Т ╪│█Т █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з╪│ ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Ж┘Б╪│ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪п█М ╪│█Т ╪в╪▓╪з╪п █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪з╪ж┘Д █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з “┘Е╪│╪к” █Б┘И┘Ж╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т█Ф

“┘Е╪│╪к” █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и █М█Б ╪и┌╛█М █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪в╪▒╪▓┘И╪д┌║ ╪│█Т ╪в╪▓╪з╪п █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪з╪│ ╪з╪╣┘Д█М┘░ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪к┘И╪м█Б █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪│█Т ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ “╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к” █М╪з “┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к” ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘И╪╣╪п┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪о┘Д┘И╪╡ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┌Ж╪з╪ж█М ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪з┘Ж╪м╪з┘Е ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┌й┘Е┘Д ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪║╪▒┘В █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

4. ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б: ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м ┘╛╪з█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪и┌╛█М ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█М █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з█М┌й ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Б █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й╪з ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒█М ╪н╪│┘Ж ╪к┌й ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪│█Т ╪и█М┘╣┌╛╪з █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪ж█М ╪и╪з╪▒ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪│┌Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о┘И╪п█М ╪│█Т ╪в╪▓╪з╪п ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪в╪┤┘Ж╪з ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф “┘Е╪│╪к” █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤╪з╪к╪М ╪к┌й╪з┘Д█М┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪┤┌й┘Д╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛┘И┘Д ┌й╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б█М ┘И╪м█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж ╪з╪│█М ┘И┘В╪к ╪п╪▒╪│╪к █Б┘И╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з╪│ ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪│╪к █Б┘И╪М ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘И╪╣╪п┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪п┘Д ┘И ╪м╪з┘Ж ╪│█Т ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

5. ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪з┌й╪л╪▒ ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ “╪╖╪з╪╣╪к” ╪з┘И╪▒ “┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж” ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒█М ╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И╪╣╪п█Т ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█М┌║╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й ╪│┌Ж█М ╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪к ╪к╪и █Б█М ┘Е┘Е┌й┘Ж █Б█Т ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ╪о╪п╪з █М╪з ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪║╪▒┘В █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪ж█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪и╪║█М╪▒ ╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪к ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪з█М┌й ╪▒╪│┘Е█М ╪╣┘Е┘Д ╪и┘Ж ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪з╪│█М ╪╖╪▒╪н “┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж” █М╪з ┘И╪╣╪п█Т ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ╪к┌й ╪│┌Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И ╪│┌й╪к█Т ╪м╪и ╪к┌й ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ┘И ╪п┘Е╪з╪║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛┘И╪▒█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪о┘Д╪╡ ┘Ж█Б █Б┘И█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И╪╣╪п┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┘Е╪╣╪з┘Е┘Д╪з╪к ╪│█Т ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒ ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█М┌║█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪м┘И ┘И╪╣╪п█Т ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪▓┘Е ┌й╪з ╪з╪╕█Б╪з╪▒ █Б┘И┌║█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б “┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ┘И ┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж ╪п╪▒╪│╪к ╪з╪▓ ┘Е┘Ж ┘Е╪│╪к” ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Е█М┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к (╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪к) ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж (┘И╪╣╪п█Т) ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ╪к┌й ╪│┌Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪│╪к ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И ╪│┌й╪к█Т ╪м╪и ╪к┌й ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ┘И ╪п┘Е╪з╪║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н┘И ┘Ж█Б █Б┘И█Ф “┘Е╪│╪к” █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘И╪╣╪п█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪з╪к ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ┘Ж┌й┘Д ┌й╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪│╪к █Б┘И ┘╛╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з █М█Б ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪п╪╣┘И╪к ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“The Meaning of Obedience and Oaths in My Intoxicated State” тАУ HafezтАЩs Ghazal

Hafez Shirazi’s poetry is generally a blend of mystical and romantic states. His verses express love, closeness to God, and the internal truths of the human soul. “The Meaning of Obedience and Oaths in My Intoxicated State” is a line from one of Hafez’s ghazals, carrying a profound spiritual message. In this line, Hafez aims to explain that human obedience and promises cannot be true and correct unless a person is immersed in the intoxication of love throughout their life.

This article will provide a deep analysis of this line, understand its details, and explore its mystical, philosophical, and spiritual meanings.

The Meaning of “The Meaning of Obedience and Oaths in My Intoxicated State”

The translation of the line is: “Obedience and oaths are correct when I am intoxicated.” In this, Hafez refers to “meaning” as purpose, “obedience” as worship or submission, and “oaths” as promises or vows. The word “intoxicated” is a key term here, meaning to be in a state of drunkenness or ecstasy, implying that a person is overwhelmed by their emotions and detached from their senses. Here, “intoxicated” refers to someone who has become deeply immersed in the intoxication of love or spirituality.

1. The Spiritual Interpretation of “Intoxicated”

Being “intoxicated” signifies a spiritual state. It does not just mean physical intoxication or pleasure, but rather points to a mystical state in which a person is so close to the divine or the beloved that they lose themselves in this connection. When a person is in such a state, they become indifferent to worldly affairs, immersed only in the love of the beloved or God. Hafez here suggests that only when a person is completely absorbed in love or divine intoxication, their obedience and promises become true and correct.

In other words, Hafez is saying that only when a person steps outside their rational senses and becomes absorbed in the intoxication of love or spirituality, do their oaths and worship become sincere and heartfelt. Their obedience (worship) and promises (oaths) are true only when they are immersed in love.

2. The Meaning of Obedience and Oaths

“Obedience” refers to the worship or submission a person gives to the beloved or God. “Oaths” or promises are the vows a person makes to their beloved or another. In this line, Hafez is saying that the purpose of these actions cannot be fully realized unless the person becomes so absorbed in love that they fulfill all their promises sincerely. Obedience and oaths are valid when they come from the depths of the heart.

For Hafez, obedience (worship) and oaths (promises) are not just external acts but reflections of an internal state. Unless a person is mentally and emotionally unified, their promises and worship cannot be true. Hafez emphasizes that only when a person is truly immersed in love, their acts of worship and fulfilling promises can be authentic.

3. The Symbol of “Intoxicated” in Hafez’s Poetry

The word “intoxicated” appears frequently in Hafez’s poetry, and it symbolizes not only a physical state but also a spiritual and mystical condition. Hafez’s idea of “intoxication” suggests that in this state, a person becomes detached from their ego and self-centeredness, turning toward God and love. In his poetry, being “intoxicated” symbolizes spiritual awakening and the intensity of love.

Being “intoxicated” also means that a person moves away from worldly desires and wishes and is drawn toward a higher reality, which Hafez describes as “the love of God” or “the love of the beloved.” In this state, the person fulfills their promises and worship with sincerity and truth because they are completely immersed in their spirituality and love.

4. Hafez’s Philosophy: The Fusion of Spirituality and Love

HafezтАЩs poetry beautifully blends spirituality and love. His verses do not just talk about physical love but also contain deep spiritual and mystical truths. To Hafez, love is a path through which a person can discover their spiritual reality. The beauty of the beloved, in his poetry, is not just outward but is a symbol of divine love, deeply rooted in the human heart.

Hafez often states that true love frees a person from ego and helps them understand their true self. In the state of “intoxication,” a person forgets their desires, pains, and difficulties, and instead, they recognize the truth of their soul. That is why Hafez says that obedience and promises are only valid when a person is “intoxicated,” because in this state, they perform their oaths and worship with full sincerity and devotion.

5. The Role of Obedience and Oaths in Hafez’s Ghazals

Many of HafezтАЩs ghazals reference love and obedience. In his poetry, “obedience” and “oaths” are not merely external rituals and promises; they represent an internal condition and a spiritual connection. To Hafez, true worship is possible only when a person is deeply immersed in the love of God or the beloved. Without this, worship becomes a mere formal act.

Similarly, “oaths” or promises cannot be true unless a person is entirely sincere in their heart and mind. In HafezтАЩs poetry, promises are not only about worldly matters; they represent a person’s spiritual journey. He emphasizes that the promises a person makes should reflect their spiritual essence and commitment.

Conclusion

HafezтАЩs line “The Meaning of Obedience and Oaths in My Intoxicated State” carries a deep, philosophical message: obedience (worship) and promises (oaths) cannot be true and correct unless a person is immersed in love and spirituality. In a state of “intoxication,” a person recognizes their inner truth, and only then can their promises and acts of worship emerge from the depths of their heart. This message from Hafez’s poetry continues to invite humanity to understand the essence of spirituality and love.

╪║╪▓┘Д ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕: “╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪з╪▒┌п┘З ┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┘Ж ┘З┘Е┘З ┘Ж█М╪│╪к

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪┤┘В╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Е╪╢╪з┘Е█М┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б█М┌║ ╪п┘И╪│╪▒█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣┘Е█М┘В ╪и╪╡█М╪▒╪к ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б “╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪з╪▒┌п┘З ┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┘Ж ┘З┘Е┘З ┘Ж█М╪│╪к” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌С█Т ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╢┘Е┘И┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘Е ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪к╪┤╪▒█М╪н ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ┌й┘И ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪│█Т ╪м╪з┘Ж┌Ж█М┌║ ┌п█Т█Ф

╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪з╪▒┌п┘З ┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┘Ж ┘З┘Е┘З ┘Ж█М╪│╪к” ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е:

┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б “╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪з╪▒┌п┘З ┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┘Ж ┘З┘Е┘З ┘Ж█М╪│╪к” ┌й╪з ╪к╪▒╪м┘Е█Б ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪ж█Т ╪к┘И █М█Б ╪з╪│ ╪╖╪▒╪н █Б┘И┌п╪з: “┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж (╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘И ┌й╪з╪ж┘Ж╪з╪к) ┌й█Т ┌й╪з╪▒╪о╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з╪│ ╪│█Т ┌й█Б█М┌║ ┌й┘Е █Б█Т ╪м╪к┘Ж╪з ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф” ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й█М █Б█Т█Ф “┌й╪з╪▒┌п┘З ┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж” ╪│█Т ┘Е╪▒╪з╪п █Б█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й╪з╪ж┘Ж╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪к┘Е╪з┘Е ╪з╪┤█М╪з╪б╪М ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Ж╪╕╪з┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б╪з┌║ █М█Б ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪м┘И ┌й┌Ж┌╛ █Б┘Е ╪з╪│ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п█М┌й┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ┘И█Б ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з╪ж┘Ж╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п █М╪з ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й╪з █М█Б ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ╪и█Б╪к ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ █Б█Т█Ф

1. ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й╪з╪ж┘Ж╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪╕╪▒█М█Б:

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪и╪╡█М╪▒╪к ┘╛╪з╪ж█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м┌╛┘И┘╣█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪к╪╣╪п╪п ┘Е╪▒╪к╪и█Б ╪з╪│ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪╕█Б╪з╪▒ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┌Ж█М╪▓█М┌║ █Б┘Е█М┌║ ┘В█М┘Е╪к█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪│╪к┘В┘Д ┘Е╪╣┘Д┘И┘Е █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█М┌║╪М ┘И█Б ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪п┌╛╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Б█Б ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф

“╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪з╪▒┌п┘З ┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┘Ж ┘З┘Е┘З ┘Ж█М╪│╪к” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪│█М ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б ╪и╪к╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┌п╪▒┌Ж█Б █Б┘Е ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘И╪│█М╪╣ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▒ ╪м┌п█Б ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ┘Е┌п╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п █М╪з ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ╪м┌п█Б █Б█Т ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █М╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ┘И╪з╪╢╪н ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪м╪з┘Ж┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з╪│ ╪│█Т ╪в┌п█Т ┌й█М ┌Ж█М╪▓┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪║┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф

2. ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М:

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ╪о█М╪з┘Д █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪м┘И ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪в╪о╪▒┌й╪з╪▒ ┘Е┘╣█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘Д ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ╪и╪з╪▒ ╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ┘╛█М┌Ж┌╛╪з ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪│┌Ж╪з╪ж█М ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з█Ф

“╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪з╪▒┌п┘З ┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┘Ж ┘З┘Е┘З ┘Ж█М╪│╪к” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┘И█Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т ╪м┘И █Б┘Е ╪п█М┌й┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪н┘В█М┘В█М ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┘И█Б █Б█Т ╪м┘И █Б┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪│█Т ╪в┌п█Т ╪м╪з ┌й╪▒ ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з╪ж┘Ж╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪н┘В█М┘В█М ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з╪│ ╪│█Т ┌й█Б█М┌║ ╪▓█М╪з╪п█Б ╪╣┘Е█М┘В █Б█Т ╪м┘И █Б┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ┘╛╪▒ ╪и╪з╪▒ ╪и╪з╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

3. ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М:

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪▓╪з┘И█М█Б ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ┘╛╪з█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪и┘Ж█М █Б█Т█Ф “╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪з╪▒┌п┘З ┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┘Ж ┘З┘Е┘З ┘Ж█М╪│╪к” ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б ╪и╪к╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┌п╪▒ ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌Ж█М╪▓┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪к┘И╪м█Б ╪▒█Б╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к┘И ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪и█М┌п╪з┘Ж█Б ╪▒█Б ╪м╪з╪ж█Т ┌п╪з█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪з█М┌й ┘╛╪▒╪п█Б █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘╛█М┌Ж┌╛█Т ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█М █Б┘И╪ж█М █Б█Т ╪м╪│█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ┌й█М ╪м┌╛┘Д┌й█М╪з┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┌й┌╛╪з╪ж█М ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘╛█М┌Ж┌╛█Т ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪║█М╪и ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ╪о█М╪з┘Д █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒█М ┌Ж┘Е┌й ╪п┘Е┌й ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б╪▒█М╪и █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з╪│ ╪│█Т ╪в┌п█Т ╪п█М┌й┌╛┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф

4. ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣█М╪┤ ┘И ┘Ж╪┤╪з╪╖ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е:

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣█М╪┤ ┘И ┘Ж╪┤╪з╪╖ ┌й╪з ╪к╪╡┘И╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж ╪╣█М╪┤┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪о┘И╪┤█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з┘Ж╪к╪╕╪з╪▒ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф “╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪з╪▒┌п┘З ┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┘Ж ┘З┘Е┘З ┘Ж█М╪│╪к” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б ╪и┌╛█М ┌й█Б█Б ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ╪и┌╛█М ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ┘Б╪▒█М╪и █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й ╪╣█М╪┤ ┘И ┘Ж╪┤╪з╪╖ ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █М█Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н┘И █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌п╪▓╪з╪▒█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж█Т ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛ ╪│┌й█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з █М█Б█М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б █Б┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪в┌п█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪╖┘Е█М┘Ж╪з┘Ж ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

5. ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒:

“╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪з╪▒┌п┘З ┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┘Ж ┘З┘Е┘З ┘Ж█М╪│╪к” ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и╪╡█М╪▒╪к ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪и╪к╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з╪│█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒╪м┘И╪╣ ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б┘И┌п╪з█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ┌Ж┌╛┘╛╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ┘╛█М┌Ж┌╛╪з ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф

█М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б █Б┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪и╪к╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘╛█М┌Ж┌╛█Т ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█Т █Б┘И╪ж█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘В╪п┘Е ╪и┌С┌╛╪з┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ╪к┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣█М╪┤ ┘И ╪в╪▒╪з┘Е ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з█М┌й ┘Б╪▒█М╪и █Б█М┌║╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ┘Б╪▒█М╪и ╪│█Т ╪и╪з█Б╪▒ ┘Ж┌й┘Д ┌й╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф

6. ┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б:

“╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪з╪▒┌п┘З ┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┘Ж ┘З┘Е┘З ┘Ж█М╪│╪к” ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И █М█Б ╪и╪к╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪з╪┤█М╪з╪б ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪з█М┌й ┘╛╪▒╪п█Б █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘╛█М┌Ж┌╛█Т ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█М █Б┘И╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪║█М╪и ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒█М ┌Ж┘Е┌й ╪п┘Е┌й ┌й█Т ┘╛█М┌Ж┌╛█Т ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й╪▒█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ╪╣█М╪┤ ┘И ╪в╪▒╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н┘И █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪и┌╛┘И┘Д┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪и╪м╪з╪ж█Т ╪з╪│█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪к┘И╪м█Б █Б┘И┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б┘И╪ж█Т ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘╛█М┌Ж┌╛█Т ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█Т █Б┘И╪ж█Т ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪и╪╡█М╪▒╪к ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█М █Б┘И╪ж█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б █Б█Т█Ф

Hafez’s Ghazal: “The Outcome of the Workshop of Existence and Space Is Not as Much as It Seems”

Hafez ShiraziтАЩs poetry is a beautiful fusion of mystical, philosophical, and romantic themes. In his poetry, on one hand, he describes the internal state of the human soul and its spiritual quest, and on the other, there is deep insight into life, love, the transient nature of the world, and the essence of human existence. In one of Hafez’s famous verses, “The Outcome of the Workshop of Existence and Space Is Not as Much as It Seems”, the poet expresses the transient nature of the world and its true essence in a deeply philosophical manner.

In this essay, we will explore the meaning of this line, its interpretation, and its place in HafezтАЩs poetry.

Meaning of “The Outcome of the Workshop of Existence and Space Is Not as Much as It Seems”

The translation of the line “The Outcome of the Workshop of Existence and Space Is Not as Much as It Seems” would be: “The result of the workshop of existence and space (the world and the universe) is much less than it appears.” In this verse, Hafez attempts to understand the true nature of the world. “Workshop of Existence and Space” refers to the entire universe, its system, and its purpose. Here, Hafez is suggesting that what we see in this world is not the true purpose or essence of the universe. In his poetry, the transient and temporary aspect of the world is highly prominent.

1. HafezтАЩs View on the Reality of the World and the Universe:

HafezтАЩs poetry offers profound insight into the nature of the world. To him, the world is temporary, and humans come here only for a short time. He acknowledges that what we see in this world is actually a transient and illusory truth. Many times in his poetry, Hafez has expressed that the things we find valuable and permanent in this world ultimately fade away with time.

The line “The Outcome of the Workshop of Existence and Space Is Not as Much as It Seems” points to this very concept. Hafez is telling us that, although we see the world as vast and magnificent, its true purpose or outcome is something else entirely. This world is merely a temporary place where one cannot discover the true essence or purpose of human existence. He intends to highlight that humans must understand the transient nature of the world and seek deeper truths beyond it.

2. The Transience of the World and Human Life:

Hafez believes that to understand the reality of the world, humans must also accept their own transient nature. Everything a person gains in this world eventually turns to dust. Hafez often mentions in his poetry that chasing the pleasures of the world and its loves will never lead one to the truth.

In “The Outcome of the Workshop of Existence and Space Is Not as Much as It Seems”, Hafez emphasizes that the true outcome of the world is not what we see with our eyes. The real purpose is what we can comprehend when we look beyond. The actual outcome of this universe is much more profound than what appears to us. In HafezтАЩs poetry, the transient nature of the world and its temporary aspects are constantly reiterated.

3. The Philosophical Nature of HafezтАЩs Poetry:

HafezтАЩs poetry carries a distinct philosophical perspective, focusing on understanding the reality of the world and the purpose of human life. Through the line “The Outcome of the Workshop of Existence and Space Is Not as Much as It Seems”, Hafez conveys that if a person remains preoccupied with worldly pleasures and things, they will remain ignorant of their true essence. To Hafez, the reality of the world is merely a veil, behind which a deep spiritual truth is hidden, and it is this truth that humans must strive to discover.

HafezтАЩs poetry also reflects the ideas of Sufism and mystical philosophy. He encourages humans to recognize the transience of the world and search for the truth behind it. To Hafez, there is deception in the worldтАЩs outward glitter, and one must look beyond it to understand their true essence and purpose.

4. The Concept of Enjoyment and Pleasure in HafezтАЩs Poetry:

The concept of enjoyment and pleasure also holds significance in HafezтАЩs poetry, though he views such pleasures as transient and fleeting. According to Hafez, humans should not wait for happiness and peace in worldly pleasures alone, but rather focus on discovering their spiritual truth. In “The Outcome of the Workshop of Existence and Space Is Not as Much as It Seems”, Hafez suggests that everything visible in this world is just a temporary illusion, and that a personтАЩs true purpose is to understand the reality of spirituality and love.

To him, the true meaning of enjoyment and pleasure is not found in immersing oneself in worldly indulgences but in reaching a spiritual state where one can understand their ultimate purpose. HafezтАЩs philosophy is evident in this line, emphasizing that there is a deeper truth beyond the apparent reality of the world, which offers peace and contentment.

5. HafezтАЩs Message and the Spiritual Journey of Humanity:

Through “The Outcome of the Workshop of Existence and Space Is Not as Much as It Seems”, Hafez provides humanity with a deep spiritual insight. He tells humans that to understand the truth of the world, they must turn toward spirituality. In HafezтАЩs poetry, there is an implicit message that a personтАЩs true purpose is not the pursuit of worldly success and pleasures, but the understanding of their spiritual reality.

This line also implies that humans must accept the transience of the world and take steps towards the hidden spiritual purpose behind it. For Hafez, all worldly pleasures and comforts are essentially illusions, and humans must transcend these illusions to discover their true essence.

6. Conclusion:

“The Outcome of the Workshop of Existence and Space Is Not as Much as It Seems” is a significant and profound line in HafezтАЩs poetry, in which he speaks about the transient nature of the world and the reality of its impermanence. Through this line, Hafez attempts to tell humanity that the world and its objects are merely a veil, behind which a deeper spiritual truth is hidden. He encourages people to look beyond the worldтАЩs superficial glitter and seek the hidden truth and their spiritual essence.

HafezтАЩs message is that humans should not be immersed in the pleasures of the world and forget their true essence. Instead, they should turn toward spirituality and recognize the transience of the world, while discovering its hidden purpose. HafezтАЩs poetry is filled with mystical philosophy and deep insight, which continues to serve as a guiding light for humanity today.

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И: ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒╪М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪┤╪╣╪▒╪з╪б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘╛┘И╪▒╪з ┘Ж╪з┘Е “╪з╪и┘И╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж █М┘Е█М┘Ж ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ╪о╪│╪▒┘И” ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б 1253 ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п█Б┘Д█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪п╪з █Б┘И╪ж█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ “╪о╪│╪▒┘И” █М╪з “╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И” ┌й█Т ┘Д┘В╪и ╪│█Т ╪и┌╛█М ╪м╪з┘Ж╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М╪М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М╪М ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┌й█Т ╪н┘И╪з┘Д█Т ╪│█Т ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛┌С┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┘Ж╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪в█Б┘Ж┌п ┘Ж█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М╪М █Б┘Ж╪п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘П╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┌Ж┌╛┘И┌С█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘Ж┌п█М┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▒ ╪п╪з╪│╪к╪з┘Ж █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘Е█М╪п╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┘И ┘Б┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Д┘И█Б╪з ┘Е┘Ж┘И╪з█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М ╪к┘Ж┘В█М╪п ┌й█М ╪м┌╛┘Д┌й█М╪з┌║ ╪п█М┌й┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й┘И ┘Е┘Д╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ┌Ж┘Е┌й ╪п┘Е┌й ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ ╪и┘Ж╪з█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ┘Д╪░╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И █Б╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪м╪и┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ┘╛█М╪п╪з╪ж╪┤ 1253 ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п█Б┘Д█М ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И╪ж█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪к╪▒┌й█М ┌й█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪о╪з┘Ж╪п╪з┘Ж ╪│█Т ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘И╪з┘Д╪п╪М █М┘И╪│┘Б ╪о╪│╪▒┘И╪М ╪з█М┌й ╪к╪▒┌й█М ┘Ж┌Ш╪з╪п ┘Б┘И╪м█М ╪з┘Б╪│╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т╪М ╪м┘И █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█Т ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪и┌Ж┘╛┘Ж ╪п█Б┘Д█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┌п╪▓╪▒╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪и╪к╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│┘Д╪з┘Е█М ╪╣┘Д┘И┘Е╪М ╪╣╪▒╪и█М╪М ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ╪╣┘Д┘И┘Е ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪п╪│╪к╪▒╪│ ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й█М╪М ╪м┘И ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█Б┘Е ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ╪к┌╛█М█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪з╪и╪к╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪и█М╪к ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д╪п ┌й█Т ╪п┘И╪│╪к┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│╪з╪к╪░█Б ╪│█Т ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й█М█Ф ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪▒╪к╪и█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е┘Д╪з┘В╪з╪к ┘В╪╖╪и ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ╪и╪о╪к█М╪з╪▒ ┌й╪з┌й█М ╪│█Т █Б┘И╪ж█М╪М ╪м┘И ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╣╪▒┘И┘Б ╪╡┘И┘Б█М ╪и╪▓╪▒┌п ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е┘Д╪з┘В╪з╪к ┌й█Т ╪и╪╣╪п ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е┘И┌С ╪в█М╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪з╪ж┘Д █Б┘И╪ж█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪║█М╪и ┘Е┘Д█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б█М ┘И█Б ┘И┘В╪к ╪к┌╛╪з ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в┘Ж█Т ┘Д┌п╪з█Ф

╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п╪и█М ╪о╪п┘Е╪з╪к

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪к█М┘Ж ╪з█Б┘Е ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Д┌й┌╛╪з ┌п█М╪з: ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М╪М █Б┘Ж╪п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘П╪▒╪п┘И█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪▓┘Е╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪и┌С█Т ╪┤╪╣╪▒╪з╪б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤┘Е╪з╪▒ ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б╪М ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪к█Б╪░█М╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м ╪п┌й┌╛╪з╪ж█М ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ┌й█Т ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М╪М ╪▒┘В╪╡ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б ┌й█М╪з█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ “╪║╪▓┘Д” ┌й╪з ╪╣┘Ж╪╡╪▒ ╪и█Б╪к ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Д╪╖╪з┘Б╪к╪М ╪│╪з╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪и┘Ж█М╪з╪п ╪▒┌й┌╛█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б█М ┘И╪м█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪з┘П╪▒╪п┘И ┌й╪з “╪и╪з┘Ж█М” █М╪з “┘Е┘И╪м╪п” ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д█М┌║ ╪з┘П╪▒╪п┘И ┌й█Т ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒╪н ┘И╪з╪▒╪п █Б┘И╪ж█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪и╪╣╪п ╪з┘П╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪и╪з╪и ╪┤╪▒┘И╪╣ █Б┘И╪з█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╣╪┤┘И┘В ┌й█М ╪к╪┤╪и█М█Б╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣╪з╪▒█Т ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М█Т ┌п╪ж█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В█М ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█М┌й ┘И╪│█М┘Д█Б ╪и┘Ж╪з█М╪з ╪к╪з┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к█М ╪о█М╪з┘Д╪з╪к╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з ╪│┌й█М┌║█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒╪з┘Ж█Б ╪│┘Б╪▒ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪║┘Е╪з╪▓ █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪│█Т ╪в┌п█Т ╪и┌С┌╛ ┌й╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪з╪╣┘Д█М┘░ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘В╪п╪│╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪к╪н╪▒┌й ┘В┘И╪к ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪▒╪│┘И┘Д ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌С█М ┘Е█Б╪з╪▒╪к ╪│█Т ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪м┘И ┘В╪│┘Е ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪з╪╣┘Д█М┘░ ╪к╪▒█М┘Ж ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪▒╪┤╪к█Б ┘В╪з╪ж┘Е ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Ж┘Б╪│█М╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Б ╪и┘Ж ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й█Б┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М █М█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪┤┌й┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж█Т ╪в╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪│╪и╪и ╪и┘Ж╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█Т ┘Е█М╪п╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪╡█Б

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й┘И ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п█М╪и █Б█М ┘Ж█Б█М┌║╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█Т ┘Е█М╪п╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж┘В┘Д╪з╪и█М ╪к╪и╪п█М┘Д█М╪з┌║ ┌й█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М╪п╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е┘Ж┘Б╪▒╪п ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪о╪к ┘В╪з╪ж┘Е ┌й█М█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪ж█Т ╪│╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒╪з┌п ┌й╪з ╪з╪╢╪з┘Б█Б ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪┤┘Е╪з╪▒ █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█Т ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ┘Е┘И╪м╪п┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ┌й┘Д╪з╪│█М┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪м█Б╪к ╪╣╪╖╪з ┌й█М█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪к╪╣╪п╪п ╪▒╪з┌п┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│╪з╪▓┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┘Е╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б ┌й╪▒╪з█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й┘И ╪к╪▒┌й█М ┌й█Т ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪м┘И┌С ┌й╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘╛█М╪п╪з ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В█М ╪╡┘Д╪з╪н█М╪к┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘В╪и┘И┘Д ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж┘В┘Д╪з╪и ╪и╪▒┘╛╪з ┌й█М╪з╪М ╪з╪│ ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ┌й┘Д╪з╪│█М┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й┘И ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪м█Б╪к┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж╪з╪│ ┌й╪▒╪з█М╪з█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И╪▒╪з╪л╪к

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╣█Б╪п ┌й█Т ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪к┌╛╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М╪М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪в┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█Т ┌й╪ж█М ╪╡╪п█М┘И┌║ ╪к┌й ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┘Е╪▒╪к╪и ┌й█М█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪и┘Ж█М╪з╪п ╪▒┌й┌╛█М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б┘Ж╪п█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪│┘Е╪к ╪п█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪┤█Б╪▒╪к ┘╛╪з╪ж█М█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ┘И╪▒╪з╪л╪к ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖╪з┘Д╪╣█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д█М┌║ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┌п╪з╪ж█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█М┌║╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│╪з╪п┌п█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪к┘И╪м█Б ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ┌й╪з┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ┘И╪▒╪л█Б █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж┘В┘Д╪з╪и ╪и╪▒┘╛╪з ┌й█М╪з╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ╪п█М╪з█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В█М ╪з╪╣╪к╪и╪з╪▒ ╪│█Т ╪и█Т ┘Е╪л╪з┘Д █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й╪з┘Е █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘В█М┘Е╪к█М ┘И╪▒╪л█Б ╪и┘Ж ┌Ж┌й╪з █Б█Т█Ф

Amir Khusro: A Great Poet, Musician, and Mystic

Amir Khusro is one of the most famous and revered poets of India. His full name was “Abu’l-Hasan Yamin al-Din Khusro,” and he was born in 1253 in Delhi. He is also known by the titles “Khusro” or “Amir Khusro.” Amir Khusro’s personality holds great significance in poetry, music, history, and culture. His works are still read and heard worldwide today, and the nature and tone of his poetry have left a profound impact on Persian, Hindi, and Urdu literature.

The life of Amir Khusro is a colorful and magnificent tale in which he showcased his knowledge and artistry in various fields. His poetry reflects themes of mystical philosophy, love, Sufism, and social critique. Khusro’s poetry not only highlighted the splendor of the royal courts but also focused on the issues of the common people and spirituality. His works are a delightful experience that compels everyone to search within their own inner world.

Amir Khusro’s Life and Education

Amir Khusro was born in 1253 in Delhi, and he belonged to a famous Turkish family. His father, Yusuf Khusro, was a Turkish-born military officer who held a significant position in India. Amir Khusro spent his childhood in Delhi, where he received his early education. His education included Islamic sciences, Arabic, Persian, and other subjects. Khusro developed a deep mastery of Persian literature, which was the prominent language of that time.

Amir Khusro received his initial training in poetry from his father’s friends and teachers. At one point, he met Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, a renowned Sufi saint of the time. This meeting marked a turning point in Khusro’s life, leading him towards Sufism. He was inspired to express the deeper truths of mysticism in his poetry, and it was during this time that spirituality and love became prominent themes in his work.

Poetry and Literary Contributions

Amir Khusro wrote poetry in three main languages: Persian, Hindi, and Urdu. His Persian poetry placed him among the greatest poets of his era. His poetry included themes of Sufism, love, and wisdom. His works beautifully blended Indian civilization with Persian poetry. Khusro also incorporated references to Indian music, dance, and culture in his poetry.

One of the most prominent features of Khusro’s poetry is the “ghazal” form. His ghazals exhibit delicacy, simplicity, and beauty, along with a mystical dimension. Amir Khusro’s poetry laid the foundation for Urdu poetry, which is why he is considered the “founder” or “originator” of Urdu. His ghazals breathed new life into Urdu literature and ushered in a new era of Urdu poetry.

The metaphors and comparisons used in Amir Khusro’s poetry, especially regarding the beloved and lover, reflect the social and spiritual realities of that time. Khusro used poetry not only as a creative endeavor but also as a means to convey his social thoughts, spirituality, and the truths of love to the people.

Amir Khusro’s Poetry of Mysticism and Love

Amir Khusro’s works reflect Sufism and love. His poetic journey reveals that he sought a higher, spiritual love beyond worldly affection. Khusro’s poetry presents love as a sacred, spiritual, and dynamic force. His verses skillfully describe the love of God, the love for the Prophet, and the significance of spiritual elevation.

The type of love described in Khusro’s work illustrates the highest form of love, which is an attempt to establish a deep connection between humanity and God. In his ghazals, love becomes a pathway to reaching the depths of human psychology and spirituality. Khusro believed that this love only manifests in the form of spiritual awakening, which leads to discovering the divine light within oneself.

Amir Khusro’s Contribution to Music

Amir Khusro is not only regarded as a poet and writer but also as a great musician. He brought revolutionary changes to the field of music and established his unique identity in this area. Khusro introduced new melodies and ragas to Indian music. He is considered one of the greatest innovators in Indian classical music, and his musical contributions gave Indian classical music a new dimension.

Khusro introduced numerous ragas and instruments and blended Indian music with Turkish music to create a new style. His creative abilities helped make Indian music famous worldwide. The revolution he brought to music introduced new dimensions to Indian classical music.

Amir Khusro’s Influence and Legacy

Amir Khusro’s influence was not only felt by the people of his time but also by generations to come. His poetry, music, and mystical teachings had a profound impact on India and the world for centuries. His poetry not only laid the foundation for Urdu poetry but also gave new directions to Persian and Hindi literature. His verses gained popularity not only in royal courts but also among the common people.

The legacy of Amir Khusro’s poetry is still alive today. His works are studied, and his teachings continue to resonate with people. His ghazals are still sung, and the depth and simplicity of his poetry continue to captivate audiences. The blend of spirituality, love, music, and social realities in Khusro’s poetry continues to illuminate the lives of people around the world.

Conclusion

Amir Khusro’s life and works represent a rich cultural heritage. His poetry not only revolutionized the world of literature but also gave Indian culture a new hue through his music. Khusro’s works are not only creative masterpieces but also contain reflections on humanity, spirituality, and the truths of love. His poetry and music remain alive in the hearts of people worldwide, and his contributions have become an invaluable legacy for all time.

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И: “╪з╪и╪▒ ┘Е█М ╪и╪з╪▒╪п ┘И ┘Е┘Ж ┘Е█МтАМ╪┤┘И┘Е ╪з╪▓ █М╪з╪▒ ╪м╪п╪з

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И╪М ╪м╪│█Т ╪║╪з┘Д╪и╪з┘Л “┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й╪з ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е” ╪з┘И╪▒ “╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪┤╪з█Б” ┌й█Б╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒╪М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ╪к┌╛█Т ╪м┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В█М ╪╡┘Д╪з╪н█М╪к┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж┘Р ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘Ж┘Б╪▒╪п ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪и┘Ж╪з█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М╪М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┌й╪▒█М ╪и╪╡█М╪▒╪к ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪к█Б╪░█М╪и ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ╪п█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪п╪и ┘И ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Е╪з█Б╪▒█М┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤┘Е╪з╪▒ ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪к┌╛█М╪М ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪╡╪з┘Б ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б █Б█Т: “╪з╪и╪▒ ┘Е█М ╪и╪з╪▒╪п ┘И ┘Е┘Ж ┘Е█МтАМ╪┤┘И┘Е ╪з╪▓ █М╪з╪▒ ╪м╪п╪з” ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪║┘Е┌п█М┘Ж ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┘Е╪╣┘Ж█М ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Д┘Б╪╕█М ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е ╪к┌й ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Е█М┘В ┘Б┌й╪▒█М╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ╪и┌╛█М ┌Ж┌╛┘╛╪з █Б┘И╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╢┘Е┘И┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘Е ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й█М ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪│█Т ╪к╪┤╪▒█М╪н ┌й╪▒█М┌║ ┌п█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б┌й╪▒█М ┘И ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖╪з┘Д╪╣█Б ┌й╪▒█М┌║ ┌п█Т█Ф

╪з╪и╪▒ ┘Е█М ╪и╪з╪▒╪п ┘И ┘Е┘Ж ┘Е█МтАМ╪┤┘И┘Е ╪з╪▓ █М╪з╪▒ ╪м╪п╪з” ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й┘И “╪з╪и╪▒ ┘Е█М ╪и╪з╪▒╪п ┘И ┘Е┘Ж ┘Е█МтАМ╪┤┘И┘Е ╪з╪▓ █М╪з╪▒ ╪м╪п╪з” ┌й╪з ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪к╪▒╪м┘Е█Б ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪ж█Т ╪к┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и ┌й┌Ж┌╛ █М┘И┌║ ╪и┘Ж█Т ┌п╪з: “╪и╪з╪▒╪┤ ╪и╪▒╪│ ╪▒█Б█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪│█Т ╪м╪п╪з █Б┘И ╪▒█Б╪з █Б┘И┌║█Ф” ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪│╪з╪п█Б ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪з╪▒╪┤ ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪│█Т ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ █Б█Т╪М ┘Е┌п╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Е┘Б╪з█Б█М┘Е ┘╛┘И╪┤█М╪п█Б █Б█М┌║█Ф

1. ╪и╪з╪▒╪┤ ┌й╪з ╪к╪╡┘И╪▒:

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪з╪▒╪┤ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к█М ╪╣┘Ж╪╡╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д █Б┘И╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪и╪з╪▒╪┤ ┌й┘И ╪╣┘Е┘И┘Е╪з┘Л ╪▒╪н┘Е╪к╪М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Т ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪п█М┌й┌╛╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ╪▒╪н┘Е╪к╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪│┌й█М┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Ж╪▓┘И┘Д █Б┘И ╪▒█Б╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪з╪▒╪┤ ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ╪з┌й╪л╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪и ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪║┘Е┌п█М┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪п ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б╪з █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б╪з┌║ “╪и╪з╪▒╪┤” ╪з█М┌й ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Ж╪▒┘Е ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪п ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪и╪з╪▒╪┤ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪п╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪ж█Т█Ф ╪и╪з╪▒╪┤ ┌й█Т ┘╛╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘Д ┌й╪▒ ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ┘Ж█М╪з ┘╛█М╪п╪з █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪╡┘Д╪з╪н█М╪к █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б ╪┤╪и█М█Б ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ╪в╪к█М █Б█Т ╪м╪и ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪│█Т ╪м╪п╪з █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪п╪▒╪п┘Ж╪з┌й ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й╪з ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж╪з █Б┘И ╪▒█Б╪з █Б┘И╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪з╪│ ╪п╪▒╪п ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

2. ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪│█Т ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М:

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т “┘Е┘Ж ┘Е█МтАМ╪┤┘И┘Е ╪з╪▓ █М╪з╪▒ ╪м╪п╪з” ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪│█Т ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й╪│█М ╪п┘И╪▒█М █М╪з ┘Б╪з╪╡┘Д█Б ┌й╪з ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж╪з ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪│█Т ╪м╪п╪з █Б┘И ╪▒█Б╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й█М █М█Б ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И┘Е╪з┘Ж┘И█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪к╪┤╪и█М█Б █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з █М╪з ┘Е╪╣╪┤┘И┘В ┌й█Т ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒┌й┌╛╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п┌п█М ╪к┌й ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к╪з╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М █Б╪│╪к█М █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ╪│█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й█М █М█Б ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪к╪м╪▒╪и█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒█М┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б█М ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪м╪з┘Ж╪и ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ┘Д╪░╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

3. ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪к╪╡┘И╪▒:

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪к╪╡┘И╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│█Т ┘И█Б ╪з┌й╪л╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘╛╪│ ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ┘И█Б ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪│█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪и┌╛█М ╪м╪п╪з █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й █М█Б ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪з█М┌й ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪│┘Б╪▒ ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з╪│ ╪│█Т ┌й█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И╪│█М╪╣ █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ┘Д█М█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘В╪п╪│ ╪╣┘Ж╪╡╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й █М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪к┌й┘Е█М┘Д ┌й╪з ╪н╪╡█Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ┌й╪и┌╛█М ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┘И╪│█М┘Д█Б ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪│█Т ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪п╪п┌п╪з╪▒ ╪л╪з╪и╪к █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

4. ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б:

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪│█Т ╪и┌╛╪▒┘╛┘И╪▒ █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪к╪╡┘И╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к┌С┘╛ ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и╪з╪╖┘Ж ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪з ┌й╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й█М █М█Б ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к╪М ╪м┘И ┌й╪и┌╛█М ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪│█Т █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪│█Т █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪к┌й┘Е█М┘Д ┌й█М ╪м╪з┘Ж╪и ╪з█М┌й ┘В╪п┘Е █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪п┌й┌╛╪з█М╪з ┌й█Б ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪п┘Ж█М┘И█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ┘Б╪з╪╡┘Д█Б ╪з╪о╪к█М╪з╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б█М ┘И╪м█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪л╪и╪к ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪░╪з╪к ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

5. ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М:

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й┘И ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪и╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ┌й█Т ╪│┘Ж┌п┘Е ┘╛╪▒ ┌й┌╛┌С╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ┌й█Т ╪з╪и╪к╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪▒┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б┘Ж╪п█М ┌й█Т ╪╣┘Ж╪з╪╡╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪м┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪и┘Ж█М╪з╪п ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д█М╪з╪к█М ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪и┘Ж╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪п╪▒╪п╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█Т ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪и╪н╪л ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

“╪з╪и╪▒ ┘Е█М ╪и╪з╪▒╪п ┘И ┘Е┘Ж ┘Е█МтАМ╪┤┘И┘Е ╪з╪▓ █М╪з╪▒ ╪м╪п╪з” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ╪з╪│ ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й╪з ╪н╪╡█Б █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ┘И╪м┘И╪п ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪╖╪з┘Д╪и ╪╣┘Д┘Е┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п█М╪и┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б █Б█Т█Ф

6. ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И╪▒╪з╪л╪к:

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М╪М ╪н╪│┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Д╪╖╪з┘Б╪к ╪к┌╛█М╪М ┘И█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪к┘Ж╪з ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ┘Б┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪п┘И╪▒ ┘Д█Т ┌й╪▒ ╪в╪ж█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д█М┌║╪М ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒┘И┌║╪М ╪з╪п█М╪и┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪н┘И╪╡┘Д█Б ╪з┘Б╪▓╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪│╪и╪и █Б█М┌║█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б:

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М╪М ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█Т ╪з╪м╪▓╪з╪б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ╪и┌╛╪▒ ╪п█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д█М╪з╪к█М ╪о┘И╪┤╪и┘И █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п █Б█Т█Ф “╪з╪и╪▒ ┘Е█М ╪и╪з╪▒╪п ┘И ┘Е┘Ж ┘Е█МтАМ╪┤┘И┘Е ╪з╪▓ █М╪з╪▒ ╪м╪п╪з” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪м┘И ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м ┘╛╪з█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М █Б┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й┘И ╪п█М┌й┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪║█М╪и ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

Amir Khusro: “The Cloud Rains and I Become Separated from My Beloved”

Amir Khusro, often referred to as the “Imam of Music” and the “King of Poetry,” was a great Persian and Urdu poet, musician, and courtier who created a unique place in world literature and the fine arts with his creative abilities. His poetry, music, and intellectual insight not only added a new dimension to Indian civilization but also earned him recognition among experts in literature and arts worldwide. The depth in his personality is clearly reflected in his poetry.

One of Amir Khusro’s famous lines is: “The cloud rains and I become separated from my beloved,” which represents his mystical and sorrowful poetry. The meaning hidden within this line is not merely its literal interpretation but also carries deep philosophical, intellectual, and spiritual dimensions. In this article, we will explore the deeper meanings of this line and study Amir KhusroтАЩs spiritual and intellectual world through his poetry.

Meaning of “The Cloud Rains and I Become Separated from My Beloved”

If we translate Amir Khusro’s line “The cloud rains and I become separated from my beloved” into Urdu, it would mean: “It is raining, and I am separated from my beloved.” This line presents a simple image of rain and separation from the beloved, but within it, there are profound spiritual and mystical meanings.

  1. The Concept of Rain: In Amir Khusro’s poetry, rain is used as a symbolic element. Rain is often seen as a sign of mercy, awakening, and spirituality. It symbolizes the descent of God’s mercy, love, and comfort. In Khusro’s poetry, rain often appears when the poet is grieving and feeling pain due to separation from the beloved. Here, “rain” symbolizes a subtle and gentle truth that understands human spiritual needs and suffering.

The purpose of creating a rain image is to express the depth and intensity of the poetтАЩs emotions. Rainwater has the ability to create something new, and this imagery in Khusro’s poetry arises when he is going through the painful experience of separation from his beloved and is in search of a new truth within that pain.

  1. Separation from the Beloved: In the line “I become separated from my beloved,” Amir Khusro reflects the feeling of separation from the beloved. This line signifies that the poet is experiencing a distance or separation from his beloved. This feeling of separation is both a romantic and mystical metaphor, where the beloved is placed at the level of God or the divine. For Khusro, the beloved is not just a physical presence but a spiritual entity with whom one has a deep, mystical connection.

This separation is a new experience and a spiritual journey for the poet. In this separation, the human being accepts their weaknesses and humanity, and this acceptance leads them toward spiritual awakening. In this sense, separation is not just physical but also spiritual, where the poet is seeking inner comfort and peace.

  1. The Concept of Separation in Amir Khusro’s Poetry: The theme of separation is significant in Amir Khusro’s poetry, and he often presents it in his ghazals. In his works, separation is depicted within a mystical context, where he talks not only about separation from the beloved but also from the transient nature of the world. For Khusro, this separation symbolizes an internal journey, where the person rises above worldly pleasures and loves to discover a truth that is far greater and broader.

Khusro presents separation as a sacred element in his poetry because, for him, it is a part of the human soul’s fulfillment. Sometimes, in Khusro’s poetry, separation is considered a means of gaining closeness to God, and at other times it is portrayed as a temporary state that helps a person discover their true essence.

  1. Mystical Philosophy in Amir Khusro’s Poetry: Amir Khusro’s works are rich in mystical poetry, and the concept of separation in his poetry conveys a deep mystical message. In his poetry, separation is presented as a spiritual yearning through which a person goes deep into their inner self to recognize their true essence. This feeling of separation, whether from the beloved, the world, or God, is a step toward the completion of the person’s spirituality.

Khusro shows in his poetry that in order to reach spiritual awakening and the ultimate truth, one must distance themselves from worldly relationships and pleasures. This is why separation in his poetry is presented as a positive aspect that leads a person to explore the depths of their own being.

  1. Amir Khusro and Urdu Poetry: Amir Khusro is regarded as the founder of Urdu poetry. His works stand at the intersection of Urdu and Persian, and he integrated the early colors of Urdu into his poetry. His poetry was a blend of Persian and Hindi elements, which not only provided the foundation for the Urdu language but also enhanced its aesthetic beauty. His ghazals discuss themes of love, pain, spirituality, and devotion, which remain significant in Urdu literature to this day.

The line “The cloud rains and I become separated from my beloved” is part of Khusro’s work, where he presents the reality of the world and explores the different aspects of human existence. His poetry continues to serve as a guide for Urdu literature students and writers.

  1. Amir Khusro’s Influence and Legacy: The impact of Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry was not only felt in India but also worldwide. The depth, beauty, and elegance of his works are still alive in people’s hearts. His poetry reflects the spiritual quest of humanity, the truth of love, and the importance of the relationship with God, which continues to guide people.

Khusro’s influence in music and poetry was so profound that he ushered in a new artistic and cultural era. His ghazals, poems, and mystical teachings continue to inspire poets, writers, and musicians today.

Conclusion:

Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry, his musical elements, and his philosophy infused new life into Indian literature and culture. His works are not only an aesthetic delight but also convey deep truths about spirituality and humanity. The line “The cloud rains and I become separated from my beloved” is a symbol of KhusroтАЩs mystical poetry and his internal awakening. The beautiful blend of separation, love, and spirituality found in KhusroтАЩs poetry still inspires us to look at the world in a new light.

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И: “╪п┘Д┘Е ╪п╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪┤┘В█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪┤╪п ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪к╪▒ ╪и╪з╪п

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И╪М ╪м┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪и╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█Т ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ┘╛█М╪┤┘И╪з ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪и┌С█Т ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤┘Е╪з╪▒ █Б┘И╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┘Е╪▒╪к╪и ┌й█М█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е╪н╪╢ ┘Д┘Б╪╕┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ┌й┌╛█М┘Д ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪к┌╛╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Е█М┘В ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б╪М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М╪з┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М █Б┘И╪к█М ╪к┌╛█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В╪М ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к█М┌║╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒┘И┘Ж█М ╪к┌й┘Д█М┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б █Б█Т: “╪п┘Д┘Е ╪п╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪┤┘В█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪┤╪п ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪к╪▒ ╪и╪з╪п” ╪м┘И ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й┘И ┘И╪з╪╢╪н ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╢┘Е┘И┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘Е ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й█М ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪│█Т ╪к╪┤╪▒█М╪н ┌й╪▒█М┌║ ┌п█Т╪М ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й╪з ╪к╪м╪▓█М█Б ┌й╪▒█М┌║ ┌п█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й█Т ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖╪з┘Д╪╣█Б ┌й╪▒█М┌║ ┌п█Т█Ф

╪п┘Д┘Е ╪п╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪┤┘В█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪┤╪п ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪к╪▒ ╪и╪з╪п” ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з █М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б “╪п┘Д┘Е ╪п╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪┤┘В█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪┤╪п ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪к╪▒ ╪и╪з╪п” ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪п┘Д ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Т ╪в╪▒╪з┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж █Б┘И ┌Ж┌й╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й╪з ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪к╪▒╪м┘Е█Б █М┘И┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т: “┘Е█М╪▒╪з ╪п┘Д ╪╣╪┤┘В ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Т ╪в╪▒╪з┘Е █Б┘И┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М╪▒█М ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и┌С┌╛ ╪м╪з╪ж█Т█Ф”

█М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█Т ╪к╪м╪▒╪и█Т ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ “╪в┘И╪з╪▒┌п█М” ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪п╪з █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж█М ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪╢╪╖╪▒╪з╪и ╪╣┘Е┘И┘Е╪з┘Л ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к █М╪з ╪н┘В█М┘В█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ╪│█Т ┘Е╪к╪╣┘Д┘В █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

1. ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒

“╪п┘Д┘Е ╪п╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪┤┘В█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪┤╪п” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ╪╖╪з┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й┘И ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж ┌й╪▒ ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘В╪п╪│ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪м╪▒╪и█Б █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й╪з ╪┤╪╣┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Д╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪и┘Ж╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з █М█Б ┌й█Б┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪о┘И╪п ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛┘И┘Д ┌й╪▒╪М ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и █М╪з ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪║╪▒┘В █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ “╪в┘И╪з╪▒┌п█М” ┌й╪з ┘Д┘Б╪╕ ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е ┌й┘И ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┌п█М ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж █Б┘И┘Ж╪з ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪▒┌п╪▒╪п╪з┌║ █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й█Б┘Ж╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪╢╪╖╪▒╪з╪и ┌й╪з █Б┘И┘Ж╪з ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б █М█Б█М ┘И█Б ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з █М╪з ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

2. ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й╪з ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й┘И ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ╪к┌й ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪▒┌й┌╛╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪з╪╣┘Д█М┘░ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪░╪и█Т ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪м┘И┌С╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪з╪│█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М ┘В╪▒╪з╪▒ ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╣╪▒┘Б╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█Т ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Т ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘╛╪▒ ┌Ж┘Д ┌й╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪╢╪╖╪▒╪з╪и ┌й┘И ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М █М█Б ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┌п█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ┘Д█Т ╪в╪к█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█Т ╪и╪╡█М╪▒╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й╪з ╪┤╪╣┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Д╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

3. ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪к╪╡┘И╪▒

“╪в┘И╪з╪▒┌п█М” ╪з┘И╪▒ “╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М” ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з █М█Б ┌й█Б┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ╪╣╪┤┘В ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б █М█Б█М ┘И█Б ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪│█М ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и █М╪з ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т ╪м╪п╪з █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪к┘И █М█Б ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й█Т ╪п┘И╪▒╪з┘Ж ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒█М┘И┌║╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б█М ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘В╪п╪│ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М ╪к╪м╪▒╪и█Б ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Б ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

4. ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪│█Т ╪и┌╛╪▒┘╛┘И╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б█М┌║ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ ┌й█М ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И╪М ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к█М ╪м╪░╪и█Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪к┌╛╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪м╪▒╪и█Б ╪к┌╛╪з ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з╪к╪з ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪о╪з┘Е█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┘╛┌С╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛┌╛╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█Т ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Т ┘╛╪▒ ┌Ж┘Д ┌й╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪к┌С┘╛ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж█М ┌й█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪и╪к╪з█М╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж█М ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т█Ф

5. ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪│┘Ж┌п┘Р ╪и┘Ж█М╪з╪п █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪м█Б╪к ╪п█М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│█Т ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪│╪╖╪н ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б ┌й╪▒╪з█М╪з█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪з╪│┘Д┘И╪и╪М ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й┘И ╪м┘Д╪з ╪и╪о╪┤╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪п╪▒╪п╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й┘И ╪и┌С█М ┘Е█Б╪з╪▒╪к ╪│█Т ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“╪п┘Д┘Е ╪п╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪┤┘В█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪┤╪п ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪к╪▒ ╪и╪з╪п” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪з╪│ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒┘И┘Ж█М ┌й╪┤┘Е┌й╪┤╪М ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█Т ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌С█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪│█Т ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ╪п█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘Е╪к╪з╪▓ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д █Б┘И╪з█Ф

6. ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И╪▒╪з╪л╪к

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╣█Б╪п ╪к┌й ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪к┌╛╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┌й╪▒█М ╪и╪╡█М╪▒╪к ┘Ж█Т ╪в┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█М ╪╡╪п█М┘И┌║ ╪к┌й ╪з╪п╪и╪М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┘Е╪▒╪к╪и ┌й█М█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪╖╪з┘Д╪и ╪╣┘Д┘Е┘И┌║╪М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п█М╪и┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪м┘И ╪╣┘Ж╪з╪╡╪▒ █Б█М┌║╪М ┘И█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й┘И ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪│╪╖╪н ┘╛╪▒ ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪о╪к ╪п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█М╪┤┘И╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п╪и█М ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┘Ж█Т ╪и┌╛█М █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪з┘Ж┘В┘Д╪з╪и ╪и╪▒┘╛╪з ┌й█М╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ╪и┌╛╪▒╪з█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М╪М ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ┘Ж█Т ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┘Е╪▒╪к╪и ┌й█М█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф “╪п┘Д┘Е ╪п╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪┤┘В█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪┤╪п ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪к╪▒ ╪и╪з╪п” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪╣┌й╪з╪│ █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к╪М ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж█М ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ┘В╪п┘Е █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з╪│█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Б ╪п┌й┌╛╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Д╪░╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И █Б╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪м╪и┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

Amir Khusro: “My Heart, in Love, Became Restless; May It Become Even More Restless”

Amir Khusro, who is known as the founder of Urdu poetry and a great leader in Indian music, is not only counted among the greatest poets of his time, but his poetry has had a profound impact on world literature and culture. His work was not just a play with words, but reflected a deep philosophy, the depths of mysticism, and humanity’s spiritual quest. His poetry emphasized love, mystical truths, human inner suffering, and the importance of the connection with God. One famous verse reads: “My heart, in love, became restless; may it become even more restless,” which clarifies the depth and spirituality in Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry.

In this article, we will delve into the meaning of this verse, analyze the mystical aspects of Amir Khusro’s poetry, and explore the themes of spirituality, love, and separation in light of this verse.

The Meaning of “My Heart, in Love, Became Restless; May It Become Even More Restless”

Amir KhusroтАЩs verse, “My heart, in love, became restless; may it become even more restless,” reflects the poetтАЩs heart being uneasy and disturbed in the state of love. The Urdu translation of this verse would be: “My heart has become restless in love, and my restlessness may increase even more.”

This verse expresses a mystical reality in which the poet describes the intensity of his experience of love and passion. The word “restlessness” here symbolizes a spiritual quest, where the person seeks the deeper truth within himself. In this verse, Amir Khusro depicts the intensity of love and the internal unrest that comes with it. This restlessness and turmoil in KhusroтАЩs poetry is often associated with the quest for God’s love or the search for true spiritual reality.

1. The Intensity of Love and Its Impact

In the verse “My heart, in love, became restless,” love is presented as a force that disturbs the heart. In Amir Khusro’s poetry, love is considered a sacred and spiritual experience, which not only awakens the person to his true self but also serves as a path for spiritual awakening. Khusro believed that love is a pursuit in which one forgets oneself and becomes immersed in the love of the beloved or God.

The word “restlessness” in this verse represents a deep mystical meaning. Restlessness is not merely a physical state of unease; it is a symbol of an internal condition where the soul is lost in the search for its true essence. Khusro suggests that this restlessness and anxiety are necessary because they bring the individual closer to God or the beloved.

2. The Philosophy of Love in Amir KhusroтАЩs Poetry

The concept of love is a central theme in Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry. He did not limit love to human relationships, but presented it as a higher spiritual feeling. In his work, love is linked to the love of God, and Khusro saw it as essential for human spiritual awakening. He believed that the ultimate purpose of human life is to achieve GodтАЩs love and knowledge, and this love leads one to their true essence.

Khusro described love as a path through which a personтАЩs inner restlessness and anxiety are calmed, ultimately leading to a sense of peace and contentment. For him, this “restlessness” in love brings one closer to God and gives new insights into spiritual truths.

3. The Concept of Restlessness and Separation

The concepts of “restlessness” and “separation” are important themes in Khusro’s poetry. In his work, separation is portrayed not only physically but also spiritually. Khusro stated that separation is necessary in love because it is the state that leads one to discover their inner reality and bring them closer to God.

According to Khusro, when a person is separated from the beloved or from God, this separation is temporary, and it ultimately guides the person toward their true essence. During this separation, one acknowledges their weaknesses, humanity, and spirituality, which awakens them. In his poetry, Khusro presents separation as a sacred and necessary experience because it leads to the discovery of the inner world.

4. KhusroтАЩs Work and Mysticism

Amir Khusro’s poetry is deeply immersed in mysticism. Where his poetry speaks of love, it also resonates with mystical depth. Khusro described the spiritual quest of the soul, the connection with God, and the search for oneтАЩs inner truth. For him, love was not just an emotional feeling but a spiritual experience that took a person toward their true essence.

In mysticism, Khusro believed that a person must accept their flaws and then, through love, draw closer to God. His poetry is filled with a sense of longing and restlessness, symbolizing the personтАЩs spiritual quest. Khusro conveyed that the restlessness of the heart and soul was essential for spiritual progress.

5. Khusro’s Poetry and Urdu Literature

Amir Khusro’s poetry laid the foundation for Urdu literature. He not only gave new dimensions to Urdu poetry but also introduced it to the world. His poetry, with its style, emotions, and depth, illuminates the soul of Urdu literature. In his ghazals, he masterfully portrayed themes of love, pain, spirituality, and the connection with God.

The verse “My heart, in love, became restless; may it become even more restless” symbolizes KhusroтАЩs mystical poetry, beautifully addressing themes of inner conflict, separation, and love. His poetry gave Urdu literature a new color, earning him a distinguished place not only in India but across the world.

6. The Influence and Legacy of Amir Khusro

The impact of Amir Khusro was not limited to his time but continued to influence literature, music, and culture for centuries. His poetry is still a guiding source for students of Urdu literature, poets, and writers. The elements of love, spirituality, separation, and restlessness in his poetry live on in the hearts of people today.

His work, both in poetry and philosophy, gave Urdu literature international recognition and earned him the status of a great poet, spiritual leader, and literary guide. His music also brought a revolution in Indian culture, and his ghazals and verses brought new life to Indian literature.

Conclusion

Amir Khusro’s poetry, his music, and his philosophy have had profound effects on world literature and culture. The verse “My heart, in love, became restless; may it become even more restless” is a reflection of his mystical poetry, illustrating the intensity of love, the state of separation, and the search for spirituality. This restlessness in KhusroтАЩs poetry is actually a step towards spiritual awakening, showing the path to oneтАЩs true essence. His poetry continues to be a joy for those seeking the exploration of their inner world.

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И: “╪│╪▒█М ╪п╪з╪▒┘Е ┌й█Б ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█М╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒╪з

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И╪М ╪м┘Ж█Б█М┌║ “╪к╪о╪к┘Р ╪│╪о┘Ж” ╪з┘И╪▒ “╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒┘Р ┘Е╪┤╪▒┘В” ┌й█Т ┘Д┘В╪и ╪│█Т █М╪з╪п ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒╪М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М ╪к┌╛█Т ╪м┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪м┘Д╪з ╪и╪о╪┤█М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ╪и┘Ж█М╪з╪п ╪и┌╛█М ╪▒┌й┌╛█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ┘Е╪▒┌й╪▓█М ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б╪М ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪▒┘Ж┌п╪М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪и╪╡█М╪▒╪к ┌й█М ┘И╪м█Б ╪│█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б █Б█Т█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪и╪з╪к █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ┘Е╪з╪п█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒ ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б “╪│╪▒█М ╪п╪з╪▒┘Е ┌й█Б ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█М╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪│█М ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪║┘Е╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪п┘И┘Д╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣█М╪┤ ┘И ╪в╪▒╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╢┘Е┘И┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘Е ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й┘И ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪│█Т ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛█М┌║ ┌п█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Б┌й╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д█М┌║ ┌п█Т█Ф

1. “╪│╪▒█М ╪п╪з╪▒┘Е ┌й█Б ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█М╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е

“╪│╪▒█М ╪п╪з╪▒┘Е ┌й█Б ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█М╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪▒╪м┘Е█Б ┌й┌Ж┌╛ █М┘И┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т: “┘Е█М╪▒█Т ┘╛╪з╪│ ╪│╪▒ █Б█Т╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т█Ф” █М█Б╪з┌║ “╪│╪▒█М” ╪│█Т ┘Е╪▒╪з╪п ┘И█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █М╪з ┘Е╪╣╪▒┘Б╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ “┌й█Б ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█М╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘Е█М╪▒█Т ┘╛╪з╪│ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪ж█М ┘Е╪з╪п█М ╪п┘И┘Д╪к █М╪з ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ “╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Т ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ┘И█Б ┌й█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘╛╪з╪│ “╪│╪▒█М” █М╪╣┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █Б█Т╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ┘И█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ╪│█Т ╪и╪з┘Д╪з╪к╪▒ █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪к┘Е╪з┘Е ┌Ж█М╪▓█М┌║ ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘И╪ж█М ┘Е╪│╪к┘В┘Д ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█М █Б┘И╪ж█М █Б█Т╪М ┘Ж█Б ┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪з╪п█М ┘И╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣█М╪┤ ┘И ╪в╪▒╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║█Ф

2. ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ┘Е╪▒┌й╪▓█М ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Б┌й╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪к█Т ╪к┌╛█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪о█М╪з┘Д ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т █Б█М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“╪│╪▒█М ╪п╪з╪▒┘Е ┌й█Б ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█М╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т █М█Б█М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И █М█Б ╪│┌й┌╛╪з ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М █Б╪▒ ┌Ж█М╪▓ ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┌й┘И╪ж█М ┘Е╪│╪к┘В┘Д ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т█Ф ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з “╪│╪▒█М” █М╪╣┘Ж█М ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪п┘И┘Д╪к █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪н╪╡┘И┘Д ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪м╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф

3. ┘Е╪з╪п█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й╪з ╪к╪▒┌й ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ┘Е╪з╪п█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪к╪▒┌й ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪к┘И╪м█Б █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪и┘Ж█М ╪▒█Б╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪к┘Е╪з┘Е ┌Ж█М╪▓█М┌║ ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М █Б█М┌║╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘Ж ╪│█Т ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й╪▒┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф “╪│╪▒█М ╪п╪з╪▒┘Е ┌й█Б ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█М╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Т ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┘Е╪з╪п█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪м┘Е╪╣ ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┘Ж█Б█М┌║╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ┘╛╪з┌й█М╪▓┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣█М╪┤ ┘И ╪в╪▒╪з┘Е ╪│█Т ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п █Б┘И ╪м╪з┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф

4. “╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е

“╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ┘Д┘Б╪╕ ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з “╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ╪│█Т ┘Е╪▒╪з╪п ┘И█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М █Б╪▒ ┌Ж█М╪▓ ╪│█Т ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪║█М╪▒ ┘Е╪з╪п█М █Б█Т█Ф “╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ╪з╪╢╪з┘Б█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪║┘Е╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╣█М╪┤ ┘И ╪в╪▒╪з┘Е ╪│█Т ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ┘И█Б “╪│╪▒█М” ┌й┘И ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒ ┌Ж┌й█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪и ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з╪│ “╪│╪▒█М” ┌й┘И ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪и┘Ж╪з ┌й╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪к┌й┘Е█М┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪│┘Б╪▒ ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪о╪к┘Е ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к╪з█Ф ┘И█Б █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒█Б╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й █М█Б “╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з╪│█Т █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М ╪▒█Б╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█Б ╪о╪к┘Е █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д╪з ╪│┘Б╪▒ █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪и┌С┌╛╪к╪з ╪▒█Б╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

5. ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з█М┌й ╪и█Б╪к ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪м╪░╪и█Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪к┌╛█М ╪м╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪▒┘Ж┌п ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж█Т ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┘В╪з╪ж┘Е ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪║╪▒┘В █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф

“╪│╪▒█М ╪п╪з╪▒┘Е ┌й█Б ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█М╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪м┌С┘И┌║ ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з █Б┘И╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б╪з┌║ “╪│╪▒█М” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪з╪п█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪╣╪┤┘В █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ╪к┌й ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪║┘Е╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д█М ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪к┌й┘Е█М┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪║╪▒┘В █Б┘И┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф

6. ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┘Е╪▒╪к╪и ┌й█М█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│┘Д┘И╪и ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪з╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ╪п█М╪з█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘В╪и┘И┘Д █Б┘И╪з╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪┤╪з╪ж┘В█М┘Ж ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

“╪│╪▒█М ╪п╪з╪▒┘Е ┌й█Б ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█М╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к ╪и┘Ж ┌Ж┌й╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪п┘И┘Д╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В █Б█Т╪М ┘Ж█Б ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ┌Ж█М╪▓┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ┌п┘И╪з█Б█М ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф

7. ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪к╪з╪л█М╪▒

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪╡╪▒┘Б █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ╪к┌й ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪▒█Б╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И█Б ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌╛█М ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪н╪╡┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘В╪и┘И┘Д █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з “╪│╪▒█М ╪п╪з╪▒┘Е ┌й█Б ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█М╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘И ┘И┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м┌п█Б ┌й█М ╪н╪п┘И╪п ╪│█Т ╪в╪▓╪з╪п █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к ╪и┘Ж ┌Ж┌й╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪о╪▓╪з┘Ж█Б █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к┌й┘Е█М┘Д ┌й╪з ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪и┌╛█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И █М█Б ╪│┌й┌╛╪з█М╪з ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М █Б╪▒ ┌Ж█М╪▓ ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И █Б█Т█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ “╪│╪▒█М ╪п╪з╪▒┘Е ┌й█Б ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█М╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪н╪╡█Б █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И █М█Б ╪│┌й┌╛╪з█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪к┘Е╪з┘Е ┌Ж█М╪▓█М┌║ ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪п┘И┘Д╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪║┘Е╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╣█М╪┤ ┘И ╪в╪▒╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф

Amir Khusro: “Sari Daram Ke Samaan Nahi Hai Auray”

Amir Khusro, known as the “Throne of Speech” and the “Poet of the East,” was a great poet, musician, and philosopher who not only enriched Persian poetry but also laid the foundation for Urdu literature. The central themes of his poetry were mysticism, love, and spirituality. Amir KhusroтАЩs work continues to live in peopleтАЩs hearts because of its mystical depth, insight, and philosophical perspective.

One of the distinctive features of Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry is how, through his verses, he guides humanity on a spiritual journey, transcending the realities of the material world. His famous verse, “Sari Daram Ke Samaan Nahi Hai Auray,” also conveys this mystical truth. It reflects the idea that Khusro’s true purpose was not the worldly wealth and comforts but the search for spirituality, love, and inner peace. In this article, we will explore this verse in detail and shed light on KhusroтАЩs mystical thought and philosophy through his poetry.

1. Meaning of “Sari Daram Ke Samaan Nahi Hai Auray”

The verse “Sari Daram Ke Samaan Nahi Hai Auray” can be translated into Urdu as: “I have a head, but I have no worldly possessions.” Here, “Sari” refers to the reality or knowledge that exists in a personтАЩs heart, and “Samaan Nahi Hai Auray” means that I have no material wealth or possessions. The word “Auray” is used to express Khusro’s spirituality and mystical philosophy.

In this verse, Khusro is describing his truth. He says that he possesses “Sari” (spirituality and truth), but he is above worldly possessions. For him, everything in the world is temporary, and it has no permanent connection to his being. The true essence of a person lies in their spirituality, not in material wealth and comforts.

2. KhusroтАЩs Mystical Philosophy

The central theme of Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry is mysticism and mystical thought. He always emphasized that a person should recognize their spirituality and consider the worldly pleasures and successes as temporary. He believed that the true reality of a person lies within them, and only through spiritual pursuit can one recognize their true self.

In “Sari Daram Ke Samaan Nahi Hai Auray,” Khusro conveys this philosophy. Through this verse, he teaches that everything in the world is transient, and it has no permanent connection. However, a personтАЩs “Sari” (spirituality and truth) is their true wealth. For Khusro, the goal of a person is not to seek worldly success and pleasures, but to discover their truth and attain closeness to God.

3. Renouncing the Material World

KhusroтАЩs philosophy was always based on renouncing the realities of the material world and turning towards spirituality. In his view, everything in the world is temporary and transient, and a person should rise above it and seek spirituality. The verse “Sari Daram Ke Samaan Nahi Hai Auray” highlights this philosophy.

For Khusro, the real purpose of a personтАЩs life is not to accumulate material possessions but to purify their soul and attain closeness to God. His poetry reflects the idea that a person should transcend worldly relationships and comforts in the quest for their truth.

4. The Use of “Auray” and its Philosophical Significance

The word “Auray” holds special importance in this verse. For Khusro, “Auray” refers to the truth that exists within a person, which is above and beyond the material world. The inclusion of “Auray” signifies that KhusroтАЩs purpose was to rise above the comforts of the world and seek spirituality and love. He had already attained the “Sari,” and now his goal was to make this “Sari” the purpose of his life and fulfill it.

The philosophy of “Auray” suggests that the human journey never ends. One is always in search of something further. For Khusro, this “Auray” symbolizes the quest that continually guides a person toward their truth. It is an ongoing journey, where one is always progressing towards their spirituality and inner peace.

5. KhusroтАЩs Love and Its Spiritual Aspect

Love was a very important theme in Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry. However, his love was not merely a worldly passion; it was a spiritual love aimed at bringing a person closer to God and the truth. In KhusroтАЩs poetry, love always takes on a mystical dimension. His love was a means of establishing a connection with God and immersing in His love.

In “Sari Daram Ke Samaan Nahi Hai Auray,” KhusroтАЩs love is rooted deeply. Here, “Sari” refers not just to material success but to a spiritual love that leads a person to GodтАЩs closeness. KhusroтАЩs work reflects that the true purpose of a person is the fulfillment of their spirituality and immersion in GodтАЩs love.

6. KhusroтАЩs Poetry and Urdu Literature

Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry had a deep impact on Urdu literature. The language and style of his ghazals gave Urdu poetry a new dimension. His poetry not only became popular among the masses of his time but continues to be appreciated today for its depth in spirituality, love, and mysticism.

The verse “Sari Daram Ke Samaan Nahi Hai Auray” has become a symbol in Urdu poetry, representing the idea that a personтАЩs true wealth lies in their spirituality and love, not in the fleeting things of the world. KhusroтАЩs work testifies that the true purpose of Urdu poetry is to highlight human spiritual development and the essence of love.

7. KhusroтАЩs Poetry and Its Global Impact

KhusroтАЩs poetry was not confined to India alone; it also had a profound effect on global literature. The philosophy and truths expressed in his poetry are still revered in various parts of the world today. His verse “Sari Daram Ke Samaan Nahi Hai Auray” speaks of a truth that transcends time and place. This verse has become a symbol of the inner quest and the search for oneтАЩs truth.

KhusroтАЩs poetry is not only a treasure of mystical truths but also carries a message of human spiritual fulfillment. Through his poetry, he taught people that everything in the world is transient, and the true wealth of a person lies in their spirituality.

Conclusion

Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry and the verse “Sari Daram Ke Samaan Nahi Hai Auray” express a mystical and philosophical truth that guides a person towards their spirituality and the search for their true essence. KhusroтАЩs work is not only an integral part of Urdu literature but has taught people worldwide that all things in the world are temporary, and a personтАЩs true wealth lies in their spirituality. His poetry still reflects the idea that the ultimate goal of a person is not the pursuit of worldly pleasures but the recognition of their inner truth and spirituality.

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И: “╪▓┘Д┘Б ╪к┘И╪М ╪и█Б █Б╪▒ ╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з ┘Ж╪к┘И╪з┌║ ╪┤╪│╪к

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И╪М ╪м┘Ж█Б█М┌║ “╪к╪о╪к┘Р ╪│╪о┘Ж” ╪з┘И╪▒ “╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒┘Р ┘Е╪┤╪▒┘В” ┌й█Т ┘Д┘В╪и ╪│█Т █М╪з╪п ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т ╪м┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й┘И ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪м█Б╪к ╪п█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘╛┘И╪▒█Т ┘Е╪┤╪▒┘В█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘В╪и┘И┘Д █Б┘И╪з█Ф ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б╪М ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪▒┘Ж┌п █Б┘И╪к╪з ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д█М┌║ █Б╪▒ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘В╪з╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪к┘И╪м█Б ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б █Б█Т: ╪▓┘Д┘Б ╪к┘И╪М ╪и█Б █Б╪▒ ╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з ┘Ж╪к┘И╪з┌║ ╪┤╪│╪к╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Е╪п█Б ┘Ж┘Е┘И┘Ж█Б █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ┌й╪┤┘Е┌й╪┤╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█Т ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪▓┘Д┘Б ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█Т ╪▒╪┤╪к█Б ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╢┘Е┘И┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘Е ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛█М┌║ ┌п█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┌й█М╪з ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е █Б█Т╪М ╪з╪│ ┘╛╪▒ ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪│█Т ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д█М┌║ ┌п█Т█Ф

1. “╪▓┘Д┘Б ╪к┘И╪М ╪и█Б █Б╪▒ ╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з ┘Ж╪к┘И╪з┌║ ╪┤╪│╪к” ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е

“╪▓┘Д┘Б ╪к┘И╪М ╪и█Б █Б╪▒ ╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з ┘Ж╪к┘И╪з┌║ ╪┤╪│╪к” ┌й╪з ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪к╪▒╪м┘Е█Б ┌й┌Ж┌╛ █М┘И┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т: “╪к╪м┌╛ ╪│█Т ┘Е┘Д█Т █Б┘И╪ж█Т╪М █Б╪▒ ┘╛╪з┌й ┘╛╪з┘Ж█М ╪│█Т ╪и┌╛█М ╪к╪м┌╛ ┌й┘И ╪╡╪з┘Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з█Ф” █М█Б╪з┌║ “╪▓┘Д┘Б” ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ┌й█Б┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪▓┘Д┘Б ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒╪н ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М╪з┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ╪з█М╪│█М █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й╪│█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б ╪│█Т ╪╡╪з┘Б █М╪з ┘Е┌й┘Е┘Д ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з█Ф

╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ “╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з” ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ╪╡╪з┘Б ┘╛╪з┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ┌й█Б ╪╣┘Е┘И┘Е╪з┘Л ┘╛╪з┌й█М╪▓┌п█М ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т█Ф ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И █М█Б ┌й█Б┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┌й┘И╪ж█М ╪и┌╛█М ┘╛╪з┌й█М╪▓┌п█М █М╪з ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┘И╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к █М╪з ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М ┌й┘И ╪╡╪з┘Б ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘В╪з╪и┘Д ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ╪з█М╪│█М █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪│╪з╪п┌п█М ╪│█Т ╪н┘Д █М╪з ╪╡╪з┘Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з█Ф

2. ╪▓┘Д┘Б ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б

“╪▓┘Д┘Б” ┌й╪з ┘Д┘Б╪╕ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪▓┘Д┘Б╪М █М╪╣┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪▓┘Д┘Б█М┌║╪М ╪╣┘Е┘И┘Е╪з┘Л ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║╪М ╪▓┘Д┘Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒█М ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╕█Б╪▒ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪▓┘Д┘Б ┌й█М ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М╪з┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪м╪з┘Д ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т █М█Б ╪и╪к╪з┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪▓┘Д┘Б┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒╪н ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█М┌й ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И █Б╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪▒┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪м╪▒╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪┤┌й┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж█Т ╪в╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й┘И ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪з█М┌й ╪│╪з╪п█Б ╪м╪░╪и█Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪к█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪к╪м╪▒╪и█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п█Б ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Б ┘Е╪з┘Ж╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪м╪│ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ┌Ж┘Д┘Ж╪з ┘╛┌С╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

3. “╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з” ┌й╪з ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е

“╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з” ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф “╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з” █М╪╣┘Ж█М ╪╡╪з┘Б ┘╛╪з┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н█М╪л█М╪к █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Д╪ж█Т ┘╛╪з┌й█М╪▓┌п█М╪М ╪╖█Б╪з╪▒╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т█Ф ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ┌й╪│█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б █М╪з ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪╖╪▒█М┘В█Т ╪│█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п█Б ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ┘Е┌й┘Е┘Д ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪╡╪з┘Б █М╪з ╪н┘Д ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й╪▒ ╪│┌й╪к╪з█Ф

“╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з” ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┘╛╪з┌й█М╪▓┌п█М ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒█Б╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┘Е┌й┘Е┘Д ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з █М╪з ╪╡╪з┘Б ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤┌й┘Д ╪з┘Е╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б╪з┌║ “╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з” ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪м╪и ╪к┌й ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й┘И ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪│█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛█Т╪М ┘И█Б █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪и█Т ╪о╪и╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т ┌п╪з█Ф

4. ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е █Б█Т█Ф ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪╣╪┤┘В ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪м╪░╪и█Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪к┌╛╪з╪Ы ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪╖╪▒█М ╪м╪░╪и█Б ╪к┌╛╪з ╪м╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и╪з╪▒ ╪и╪з╪▒ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╣╪з┘Е┘Д█Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б █Б█Т█Ф

“╪▓┘Д┘Б ╪к┘И╪М ╪и█Б █Б╪▒ ╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з ┘Ж╪к┘И╪з┌║ ╪┤╪│╪к” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ┌й╪│█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪╖╪▒█М┘В█Т ╪│█Т ╪о╪к┘Е ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И ╪│┌й╪к╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й╪з █М█Б ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪з█М┌й ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪и╪з┘Д╪з╪к╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║╪М “╪▓┘Д┘Б” ╪з┘И╪▒ “╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з” ╪п┘И┘Ж┘И┌║ █Б█М ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п█Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М █М█Б ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М╪з┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒ ┌й█М ┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█М┌║╪М ╪м╪│█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┘╛┘И╪▒█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

5. ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┘Е╪▒╪к╪и ┌й█М█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ╪╣╪┤┘В╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█М ╪м┘И╪к╪з█Б█М █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪│┌й┌╛╪з█М╪з ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┘Б╪з╪ж╪п█Т ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█М┌║╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И █Б█Т█Ф

“╪▓┘Д┘Б ╪к┘И╪М ╪и█Б █Б╪▒ ╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з ┘Ж╪к┘И╪з┌║ ╪┤╪│╪к” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к ╪и┘Ж ┌Ж┌й╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й█М ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М╪з┌║ ╪з█М╪│█М █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒█М ╪░╪▒╪з╪ж╪╣ ╪│█Т ╪╡╪з┘Б █М╪з ╪н┘Д ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з█Ф █М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ┘В╪з╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪к┘И╪м█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И █Б█Т ╪м╪│█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф

6. ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪║╪▓┘Д

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ╪п█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪┤┌й┘Д ╪п█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е┘Д╪к█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ┘И█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪н╪╡█Т ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж█Т ╪в╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪║┘Е╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪к┘И╪м█Б █Б┘И┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф

“╪▓┘Д┘Б ╪к┘И╪М ╪и█Б █Б╪▒ ╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з ┘Ж╪к┘И╪з┌║ ╪┤╪│╪к” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з╪│█М ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М╪з┌║ ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪о╪к┘Е ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к█М┌║█Ф █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│╪з ╪м╪░╪и█Б █Б█Т ╪м╪│█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪м╪▒╪и╪з╪к ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з ┘╛┌С╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

7. ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ┌И╪з┘Д╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪│█М ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Т ┌й█М ┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ┘╛╪з┌й█М╪▓┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪о╪к┘Е ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к█М█Ф

╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┘Е┘Д╪к█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒╪н ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒╪з╪║╪и ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф “╪▓┘Д┘Б ╪к┘И╪М ╪и█Б █Б╪▒ ╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з ┘Ж╪к┘И╪з┌║ ╪┤╪│╪к” ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒╪н╪М ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б “╪▓┘Д┘Б ╪к┘И╪М ╪и█Б █Б╪▒ ╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з ┘Ж╪к┘И╪з┌║ ╪┤╪│╪к” ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й█М ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М╪з┌║ ╪з█М╪│█М █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й╪│█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪╖╪▒█М┘В█Т ╪│█Т ╪н┘Д █М╪з ╪╡╪з┘Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з█Ф █М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪м┌С█М┌║ █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┘Д╪з╪▓┘И╪з┘Д ╪н╪╡█Б █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪к┘И╪м█Б ┌й█М╪з ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┘В╪и┘И┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒ ┌й█М ┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М █Б┘Е╪з╪▒█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ █Б┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪│┌й┌╛╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Б ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪в╪│╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к╪з╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪м╪▒╪и█Б █Б█Т ╪м┘И █Б┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪к┌й┘Е█М┘Д ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

Amir Khusro: “Your Hair Cannot Be Washed with Any Clear Water”

Amir Khusro, known as the “Throne of Speech” and “The Poet of the East,” was a great poet, philosopher, and musician who gave Indian literature a new dimension through his works. His poetry was not only popular in India but across the entire Eastern world. Khusro’s poetry is deeply infused with mysticism, love, and spirituality, and his ghazals continue to captivate readers from all eras.

One of Khusro’s famous couplets is: “Zulf tu, ba har aab-e musaffa natawan shust”, which is a beautiful example of his poetry. This line reflects the inner struggle of the human soul, the emotions of love, and the spiritual quest. Through the symbol of “zulf” (hair), Khusro depicts the complexities of human emotions and presents love as a profound truth. In this article, we will explore the different aspects of this line and delve into its place in Khusro’s poetry.

1. The Meaning of “Zulf tu, ba har aab-e musaffa natawan shust”

The line “Zulf tu, ba har aab-e musaffa natawan shust” can be translated as: “Even with all the purest water, your hair cannot be cleansed.” Here, “zulf” symbolizes the beloved’s beauty, love, and the complexities of the heart. Khusro wants to convey that, just like the belovedтАЩs hair, the complexities and intensity of love cannot be cleansed or fully resolved by any worldly means.

The mention of aab-e musaffa (clear water) points to purity, which is generally a symbol of cleanliness. However, Khusro is implying that no matter how pure or worldly the resources might be, they cannot resolve or clarify the depth and intricacies of love. It suggests that love and relationships are of such a nature that they cannot be easily solved or cleared up by superficial means.

2. The Symbolism of “Zulf” and Its Philosophy

The word “zulf” (hair) is an important symbol in Persian poetry. The beloved’s hair is often seen as a symbol of emotional and physical beauty. However, in KhusroтАЩs poetry, “zulf” represents not just outward beauty, but also points to a deeper, mystical reality. For Khusro, the entanglements of the hair take a person on a profound spiritual quest.

Through this line, Khusro is conveying that, like the beloved’s hair, love is also a complex and deep truth that manifests in various colors and experiences throughout human life. He does not see love as a mere emotion, but as a mystical experienceтАФa complicated spiritual journey that one must embark upon.

3. The Spiritual Significance of “Aab-e Musaffa”

The phrase “aab-e musaffa” (clear water) here is used symbolically. Clear water traditionally represents purity, cleanliness, and spirituality. However, Khusro uses it to illustrate that no worldly means or spiritual practice can fully cleanse or resolve the intricate emotions and love that lie deep within the human heart.

тАЬAab-e musaffaтАЭ also points to the idea that a person is always in pursuit of purity within their spirituality. However, fully understanding or resolving the complexities of love is a challenging endeavor. It signifies a philosophical truth that unless one deeply comprehends their emotions and relationships, they will always remain unaware of their true nature.

4. Khusro’s Love and Its Mystical Aspect

Love holds a special place in Khusro’s poetry. However, his love was not a worldly passion, but rather a mystical, spiritual, and natural emotion, aimed at attaining God’s love and the soulтАЩs spiritual development. Khusro often highlighted that love is not just a physical or outward connection, but a path to reach a deeper spiritual depth within oneself.

In “Zulf tu, ba har aab-e musaffa natawan shust”, KhusroтАЩs love represents a reality that cannot be terminated or purified by any worldly means. For him, this love transcends any transient truth. Both the “zulf” and “aab-e musaffa” express the depth of love and its complex aspects. In Khusro’s view, these entanglements and the intensity of relationships symbolize a spiritual journey, one that a person seeks to understand throughout their life.

5. Khusro’s Poetry and Its Influence

Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry has had a profound impact not only on Persian literature but also on Urdu literature. The themes of spirituality, love, and the pursuit of truth in his poetry remain central in Urdu literature today. Through his poetry, Khusro taught humanity that the true purpose of love and relationships is not worldly gain, but the quest for spirituality and self-realization.

The couplet “Zulf tu, ba har aab-e musaffa natawan shust” has become a symbol in Urdu poetry, illustrating that the complexities of love and relationships cannot be resolved by mere worldly means. This line draws the readerтАЩs attention to the deep spiritual aspect of love, emphasizing that it is an experience one must understand through a journey of life and spiritual exploration.

6. Amir Khusro and Urdu Ghazal

Amir Khusro gave Urdu ghazal a new color and shape. The influences and themes within his ghazals still resonate strongly in Urdu literature today. His ghazals convey not only the beauty of love but also the deep impact of mysticism and spirituality. KhusroтАЩs ghazals suggest that humans must rise above worldly desires and relationships and focus on their spiritual journey.

The line “Zulf tu, ba har aab-e musaffa natawan shust” reflects the essence of these ghazals, indicating that the complexities of love never end. It suggests that love is a profound emotion that requires understanding through spiritual experiences and the pursuit of inner truth.

7. Amir Khusro’s Music and Its Influence

Khusro was not only a great poet but also a distinguished musician. He introduced a new dimension to Indian music, incorporating spirituality and love into it. His music, much like his poetry, reflects the same mystical philosophy that is present in his works. Through both his poetry and music, Khusro emphasized that the purity of the human soul and the quest for love are endless.

The influence in his music, like his poetry, attempts to guide the listener towards the depths of spirituality and love. Much like the line “Zulf tu, ba har aab-e musaffa natawan shust”, his music endeavors to lead one to the depths of spiritual realization and love.

Conclusion

Amir KhusroтАЩs couplet “Zulf tu, ba har aab-e musaffa natawan shust” conveys a deep truthтАФthat the complexities of love and relationships cannot be solved or cleansed by any worldly means. This line reflects the nature of his poetry, where love and spirituality are deeply intertwined. KhusroтАЩs poetry is not only an eternal part of Urdu literature but also serves to remind people around the world that understanding the depths of love and accepting its complexities represent a spiritual journey.

KhusroтАЩs poetry continues to live among us today, teaching us that the path of love is never easy, but it is a profound spiritual experience that leads us towards self-realization and completeness.

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И: “╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И╪М ╪м┘И ┌й█Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒╪М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╡┘И┘Б█М ╪к┌╛█Т╪М ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛┌╛█М┘Д ┌п█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ┘Е╪н┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В╪М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘╛┘И╪▒█Т ┘Е╪┤╪▒┘В█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ╪п█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М █Б┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪к╪з╪л╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б █Б█Т: ╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓█Ф █М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Е█М┘В ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█Т ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Т ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з █М█Б ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪м╪│┘Е ┌й█Т ┘Е╪з┌║ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛┘И╪┤█М╪п█Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╢┘Е┘И┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘Е ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й█М ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪│█Т ╪к╪┤╪▒█М╪н ┌й╪▒█М┌║ ┌п█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е╪М ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Б┌й╪▒╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д█М┌║ ┌п█Т█Ф

1. “╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓” ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е

“╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓” ┌й╪з ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪к╪▒╪м┘Е█Б ┌й┌Ж┌╛ █М┘И┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т: “╪к┘Е ┘Ж█Т ╪м╪│┘Е ╪│█Т ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й┘И ╪м╪п╪з ┌й█М╪з╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪з╪и┌╛█М ╪к┌й ╪к┘Е ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪в┌п╪з█Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И╪ж█Т█Ф” ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪м╪│┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ┌й█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪м╪│┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ┘Б╪▒┘В ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з ╪и█Б╪к ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪│┘Е ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ┘╛┘Ж╪з█Б ┌п╪з█Б █Б█Т█Ф

█М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┌п╪▒┌Ж█Б ╪м╪│┘Е ┌й█Т ╪к┘В╪з╪╢┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘Д┘И╪л ╪▒█Б╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┘Е█М┌║ ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█М █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В█М ╪в╪▓╪з╪п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ┘╛╪з┌й█М╪▓┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ┘Ж█Б ┌й█Б ╪м╪│┘Е ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪к┌й┘Е█М┘Д ┘Е█М┌║█Ф

2. ╪м╪│┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к

“╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓” ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█Б┘Е ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ╪м╪│┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪и╪к╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┘Е█М┌║ ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█М █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪м╪│┘Е ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪з ┌й┘И╪ж█М ┘Е╪│╪к┘В┘Д ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪и┌й█Б ╪▒┘И╪н ╪║█М╪▒ ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘И╪н ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪│┘Е ┌й█М █М█Б ╪к┘Б╪▒█М┘В █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ┘Е╪▒┌й╪▓█М ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ ╪▒█Б█М █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ╪│█Т ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘В╪▒█М╪и █Б┘И┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф █М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪м╪и ╪к┌й ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪м╪│┘Е ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘Д┘И╪л ╪▒█Б╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪м╪з┘Ж ┘╛╪з╪к╪з█Ф

3. ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪и╪з╪к ╪и╪з╪▒ ╪и╪з╪▒ ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж█Т ╪в╪к█М █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ╪о┘И╪┤█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪к╪▒┌й ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф “╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪│█М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Т ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з █М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪м╪│┘Е ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤╪з╪к ╪│█Т ╪в╪▓╪з╪п █Б┘И┘Ж╪з ┘╛┌С╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪╡┘Б╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┘Е█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪м╪│┘Е ┌й█Т ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ┘И╪м┘И╪п ╪│█Т ╪и╪з┘Д╪з╪к╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф

4. ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к █М╪з ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪М ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪╖╪▒█М ╪м╪░╪и█Б █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф “╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓” ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М █М█Б█М ╪и╪з╪к ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ ┌й█М ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к█М █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪м╪│┘Е ┌й█М ┘Е╪з╪п█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤╪з╪к ╪│█Т ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪м╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪м╪│┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ╪│█Т ╪в╪▓╪з╪п ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪з╪ж┘Д ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪▒╪┤╪к█Б █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪║╪▒┘В █Б┘И┘Ж╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘Ж█Б ┌й█Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║█Ф

5. “╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓” ┌й╪з ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е

█М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Б┌й╪▒ ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪│┘Б╪▒ █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф “╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓” ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ┌Ж┌╛┘╛╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┌п╪▒┌Ж█Б ╪м╪│┘Е ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М╪к ╪│█Т ╪в╪▓╪з╪п █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪з╪и┌╛█М ╪к┌й ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛ ┘╛╪з█М╪з█Ф █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│╪з ╪│┘Б╪▒ █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪о╪к╪к╪з┘Е █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ┘╛╪▒ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪и╪з╪к ╪и╪з╪▒ ╪и╪з╪▒ ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж█Т ╪в╪к█М █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪│┘Б╪▒ ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪о╪к┘Е ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к╪з█Ф ┘И█Б █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪и┌С┌╛╪к╪з ╪▒█Б╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф “╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з╪│█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т ╪▒█Б┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф

6. ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪з╪л╪▒

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┌И╪з┘Д╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М╪з┌║ █Б█М┌║╪М ┘И█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│┘Ж█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪║┘Е╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┘Е█М┌║ █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒█Б╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф “╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤╪з╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛┘И╪▒╪з ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪м╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪│╪╖╪н ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е┘В╪и┘И┘Д █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│┘Ж╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф

7. ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪з█Б╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪ж█М ┘Ж╪ж█Т ╪в█Б

UnNoticed Digital College

An activist by nature and educator by profession, have been working in the fields of health and education since 2016. I firmly believe that education is the only way through which one can reach, each and every destination one wants to reach. As Samuel Beckett says, "Ever tried, Ever failed. No matter. Try again, Fail again. Try better, Fail better." The one who tries, fails; and the one who fails, wins.

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