Ques-5
┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б: ╪╣┘Ж╪╡╪▒ ╪з┘Д┘Е╪╣╪з┘Д█М ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│
╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б:
┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘В╪п█М┘Е ┌й╪к╪з╪и █Б█Т ╪м╪│█Т ╪╣┘Ж╪╡╪▒ ╪з┘Д┘Е╪╣╪з┘Д█М ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б ┌й█М╪з█Ф █М█Б ┌й╪к╪з╪и ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┌й┘Е╪к╪М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М╪з╪к╪М ╪│█М╪з╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪н┘И╪з┘Д█Т ╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪м╪з┘Е╪╣ ╪п╪│╪к╪з┘И█М╪▓ █Б█Т█Ф ┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪к╪з╪и ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒╪╣╪з█М╪з ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Ж╪╡█М╪н╪к█М┌║╪М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М ┘Ж╪╡█М╪н╪к┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █Б╪▒ ┘Б╪▒╪п ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌п╪▓╪з╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪▒╪з█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┌й╪к╪з╪и ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ┘И╪▒╪з╪л╪к █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪│┘Е╪к ╪п█М┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ ╪з╪п╪з ┌й█М╪з█Ф
╪╣┘Ж╪╡╪▒ ╪з┘Д┘Е╪╣╪з┘Д█М ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б:
╪╣┘Ж╪╡╪▒ ╪з┘Д┘Е╪╣╪з┘Д█М ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╡┘Ж┘Б ╪к┌╛█Т ╪м┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┘В╪п█М┘Е ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪о╪з┘Ж╪п╪з┘Ж ╪│█Т ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ┌й█М ┘Е╪п╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Б╪к ╪│█М ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М╪М ╪│█М╪з╪│█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘В╪к╪╡╪з╪п█М ╪к╪и╪п█М┘Д█М╪з┌║ ╪в╪ж█М┌║█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪и█Б╪к╪▒█М┘Ж ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤┘Е╪з╪▒ ┌й█М█Т ╪м╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪н╪▒█М╪▒█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ┘И╪▒╪л█Б ╪и┘Ж█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б ┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И ╪п█М ╪м╪з┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█М ┘Ж╪╡█М╪н╪к┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪┤┌й┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Д┌й┌╛█М█Ф
┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┌й█М █М█Б ┌й╪к╪з╪и ╪н┌й┘Е╪к╪М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ┌й█Т ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪и┘Ж█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┌й█М ┘Б┘Д╪з╪н ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и█Б╪и┘И╪п ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б╪М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┘╛╪▒ ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│█М╪з╪│╪к╪М ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж█М╪М ╪о╪з┘Ж╪п╪з┘Ж╪М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д █Б█М┌║█Ф
┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к:
┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┌й█М ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з█М┌й ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ╪в┌п╪з█Б ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з ╪к╪з┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒╪╣╪з█М╪з ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д█Т ┌й╪▒ ╪│┌й█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б┘Д╪з╪н ┘И ╪и█Б╪и┘И╪п ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ┌й╪з┘Е ┌й╪▒█Т█Ф ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п ┘Ж╪╡█М╪н╪к█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М╪з┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █Б╪▒ ┘Б╪▒╪п ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т █Б╪▒ ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█М ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ┌И╪з┘Д█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┌й█М ╪к╪н╪▒█М╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪░┘Е█Б ╪п╪з╪▒█М┘И┌║╪М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║╪М ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б╪М ╪╣┘Д┘Е╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪▒╪п ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф
┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┌й█М ╪│╪з╪о╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪и┘И╪з╪и:
┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ 53 ╪з╪и┘И╪з╪и █Б█М┌║ ╪м┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│█Т █Б╪▒ ╪и╪з╪и ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ ┘╛╪▒ ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪│█Т ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪к █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘И╪з┘Д╪п ┌й█М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И ╪п█М ╪м╪з┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█М ┘Ж╪╡█М╪н╪к┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪┤╪к┘Е┘Д █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│█М╪з╪│╪к╪М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В╪М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ┌й█Т ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д █Б█М┌║█Ф █М█Б ┌й╪к╪з╪и ╪з█М┌й ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪и┘Ж╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф
1. ┘╛╪п╪▒╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Ж╪╡█М╪н╪к█М┌║:
┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪к █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘И╪з┘Д╪п ┌й█М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪п█М ╪м╪з┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█М ┘Ж╪╡█М╪н╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ┘Е╪м┘Е┘И╪╣█Б █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б╪М ╪╣┘Д┘Е╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ┘В╪п╪▒┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪│┌Ж ╪и┘И┘Д┘Ж█Т╪М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪╣╪п┘Д ┘И ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪║█М╪и ╪п█М█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪и╪к╪з█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘Ж╪▒┘Е ╪▒┘И█М█Б ╪з╪о╪к█М╪з╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ┌й╪з ╪н┘Д ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф
2. ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б:
┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б ┘╛╪▒ ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И ╪и╪к╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪и┌С█М ╪░┘Е█Б ╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╡╪п╪з┘В╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з┘И┘Д█М┘Ж ┘Б╪▒█М╪╢█Б █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪╕┘Д┘Е ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Ж█Б █Б█М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪╖╪з┘В╪к ┌й╪з ╪║┘Д╪╖ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б ┌й╪з ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ┘╛┘И╪▒█Т ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒█Т ┌й█М ┘Б┘Д╪з╪н ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█Б┘Е █Б█Т█Ф
3. ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к:
┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к ╪и┌С█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪п█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И ╪и╪к╪з█М╪з ┌й█Б ╪╣┘Д┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ┌й█Т ╪и╪║█М╪▒ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┘Е┘Е┌й┘Ж ┘Ж█Б█М┌║█Ф ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ┌й█Б╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й╪▒┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б ╪╣┘Д┘Е ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ┌й╪з ╪н┘Д ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ╪к┘Е╪з┘Е ┌Ж█М┘Д┘Ж╪м╪▓ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪з╪и┘Д█Б ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪╖╪з┘В╪к ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪▒╪п ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ┘╛┘И╪▒█Т ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒█Т ┌й█М ┘Б┘Д╪з╪н ┘И ╪и█Б╪и┘И╪п ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪и┌╛█М ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т█Ф
4. ╪╣╪▓╪к ┘Ж┘Б╪│ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к┘И╪з╪╢╪╣:
┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪▓╪к ┘Ж┘Б╪│ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к┘И╪з╪╢╪╣ ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И ╪и╪к╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪╣╪▓╪к ┘Ж┘Б╪│ ┌й┘И ╪и╪▒┘В╪▒╪з╪▒ ╪▒┌й┌╛┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪и┌╛█М ┌Ж┌╛┘И┘╣█Т ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒╪н ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪м█М┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪и╪з┘И╪м┘И╪п╪М ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪к┘И╪з╪╢╪╣ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж┌й╪│╪з╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪и█Б╪к ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й█Б╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к┘И╪з╪╢╪╣ ╪п┌й┌╛╪з┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т╪М ┌Ж╪з█Б█Т ┘И█Б ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж █Б┘И █М╪з ╪╣╪з┘Е ╪┤█Б╪▒█М█Ф
5. ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪▒╪п ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М:
┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪▒╪п ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к ╪и┌С█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪п█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И ╪и╪к╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з┌Ж┌╛╪з ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з ╪▒█Б╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ╪│█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ┘╛┘И╪▒█Т ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒█Т ┌й█М ┘Б┘Д╪з╪н ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪и┌╛█М ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒█М┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪з┘Е█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪к╪з┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪и┘Ж ╪│┌й█Т█Ф
6. ╪┤╪▒╪з┌й╪к ╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╣╪з┘И┘Ж:
┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪▒╪з┌й╪к ╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╣╪з┘И┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪п█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И ╪и╪к╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪п┘И╪│╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘Е┘Д ┌й╪▒ ┌й╪з┘Е ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И█Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┌й╪│ ╪╖╪▒╪н ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪┤█М╪▒┘И┌║╪М ┘И╪▓█М╪▒┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘Е┘Д ┌й╪▒ ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д█Т ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┌й█М┘Д╪з ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И ╪│┌й╪к╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪п┘И╪│╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й█М ┘Е╪п╪п ┌й█М ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒╪к █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф
7. ╪о┘И╪п ┘╛╪▒ ┘В╪з╪и┘И ┘╛╪з┘Ж╪з:
┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о┘И╪п ┘╛╪▒ ┘В╪з╪и┘И ┘╛╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И █М█Б ╪│┌й┌╛╪з█М╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ┘В╪з╪и┘И ┘╛╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒╪к █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪╣┘В┘Д ┘И ┘Б█Б┘Е ╪│█Т ┌й╪з┘Е ┘Д█М┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪и┌С█М ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒█М ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к █Б┘И╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪и ╪к┌й ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж ┘╛╪▒ ┘В╪з╪и┘И ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┘╛╪з╪к╪з╪М ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И ╪│┌й╪к╪з█Ф
8. ┘╛█М╪з╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к:
┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪з╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И ╪и╪к╪з█М╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й┘И ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪п█М┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪▒╪п ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪и█Б╪к ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ╪з┌п╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪п┘И╪│╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н╪│┘Ж ╪│┘Д┘И┌й ╪│█Т ┘╛█М╪┤ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪┤█М ╪в╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф
┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б:
┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ┌й╪к╪з╪и █Б█Т ╪м┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п█М ┌п╪ж█М ╪н┌й┘Е╪к█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Ж╪╡█М╪н╪к█М┌║ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█М █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к╪М ╪│█М╪з╪│╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪▒╪п ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘╛╪▒ ╪п┌й┌╛╪з╪ж█М ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┌й█М ╪к╪н╪▒█М╪▒ ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪│┌й┌╛╪з█М╪з ┌й█Б ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║╪М ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б╪М ╪╣┘Д┘Е╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █Б╪▒ ┘Б╪▒╪п ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б █Б█Т ╪м╪│█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т█Ф
Qabusnama: Ansoor al-Ma’ali Kaykawus
Introduction: Qabusnama is an important and ancient work of Persian literature, written by Ansoor al-Ma’ali Kaykawus. This book is a comprehensive document on Iranian wisdom, ethics, politics, and social life. Qabusnama is considered a guidebook containing crucial advice, life principles, and ethical guidance for a ruler towards his subjects. The advice provided in this book is not only for rulers but also offers better guidance for every individual in life. It is a legacy that has played an important role in giving Iranian society and culture a new direction.
Introduction to Ansoor al-Ma’ali Kaykawus: Ansoor al-Ma’ali Kaykawus was an Iranian ruler, philosopher, and writer from an ancient Iranian family. During his reign, there were many social, political, and economic changes. Kaykawus is regarded as one of the best rulers of his time, and his writings have become an important cultural heritage. His most famous work is Qabusnama, which he wrote in the form of advice given to his son.
Kaykawus’ book is based on wisdom, ethical guidance, and the principles of rulership, emphasizing that rulers should act with justice, ethics, and knowledge for the welfare and well-being of their people. In this book, Kaykawus highlights various aspects of life, including politics, governance, family, education, and social relationships.
The Purpose and Importance of Qabusnama: The purpose of composing Qabusnama was to make a ruler aware of the important principles of life so that he could make better decisions for his subjects and work for their well-being. The advice and guidance in the book are not only for rulers but for every individual because it delves into every aspect of life. Kaykawus’ writing stresses the importance of a ruler’s responsibilities, ethical principles, justice, knowledge, and the personal development of an individual.
Structure and Chapters of Qabusnama: Qabusnama consists of 53 chapters, each of which sheds detailed light on a specific topic. The most important feature of the book is that it is a collection of advice from a father to his son. Kaykawus provides guidance to his son on various aspects of life, including politics, ethics, education, and principles of governance. This book attempts to improve a ruler’s personal life, moral principles, and relationship with the people.
- Paternal Advice: The most important feature of Qabusnama is that it is a collection of advice given by a father to his son. Kaykawus provides his son with guidance on various aspects of life, emphasizing the importance of justice, knowledge, and human values. Kaykawus encourages his son to always speak the truth, follow moral principles, and treat the people with justice and fairness. The book also emphasizes that rulers should adopt a gentle attitude toward their people and strive to find solutions to their problems.
- Governance and Justice: Qabusnama places particular emphasis on governance and justice. Kaykawus tells his son that the primary responsibility of a ruler is to treat the people with justice. Upholding justice and integrity is the foremost duty of a ruler. According to Kaykawus, a ruler should never be unjust to his people, nor should he misuse his power. The aspect of justice in governance is crucial not only for the personal success of the ruler but also for the welfare of the entire society.
- The Importance of Education: Qabusnama attaches great importance to education. Kaykawus tells his son that success in life is not possible without knowledge and education. The book emphasizes that a person should always seek knowledge because it provides solutions to various problems and empowers them to face all challenges in the world. Education is not only necessary for an individual’s personal development but also for the welfare of society as a whole.
- Self-Respect and Humility: Qabusnama also emphasizes the importance of self-respect and humility. Kaykawus advises his son that a person should always maintain their self-respect and should never live in a way that is beneath their dignity. At the same time, he stresses the importance of humility and says that a person should always show humility in their actions, whether they are a ruler or a common citizen.
- Ethical Principles and Personal Development: The book places significant importance on ethical principles and the personal development of an individual. Kaykawus tells his son that a good person always follows ethical principles and continuously strives for personal growth. Adhering to ethical principles not only improves a personтАЩs personal life but is also essential for the welfare of society. A person should always try to overcome their weaknesses and flaws to become a better human being.
- Partnership and Cooperation: Qabusnama also stresses the importance of partnership and cooperation. Kaykawus tells his son that to succeed in life, a person must work together with others. He emphasizes that rulers should make decisions in collaboration with their advisors, ministers, and people. According to this principle, a person can never succeed alone and always needs the help of others.
- Self-Control: The importance of self-control is also emphasized in Qabusnama. Kaykawus teaches his son that a person needs to control their desires and always use their intellect and reason. The greatest weakness of a person is their desires and emotions, and unless they gain control over these, they will not be successful in life.
- Love and Affection: The importance of love and affection is highlighted in the book. Kaykawus tells his son that a person should give importance to love in their life. Love is not only important in an individualтАЩs personal life but also in society. According to him, if a person treats others with love and kindness, peace and happiness will prevail in their life.
Conclusion: Qabusnama is a book that holds an important place not only in Iran but in world literature. The wisdom and advice provided in this book are still relevant today and its impact is seen in society, politics, and an individual’s life. Kaykawus’ writings have taught us that for success in life, ethical principles, justice, knowledge, and love are essential. This book is not only a guide for rulers but for every individual, and it is necessary to implement its teachings in one’s life.
