Ques-3
╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж: ╪з█М┌й ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪м╪з╪ж╪▓█Б
╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б:
╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪к╪▒█М┘Ж ╪п╪│╪к╪з┘И█М╪▓╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤┘Е╪з╪▒ █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪о┘И╪п ┘Е╪║┘Д ╪и╪з╪п╪┤╪з█Б╪М ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ┘Д┌й┌╛█М█Ф █М█Б ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪и╪з╪п╪┤╪з█Б ┌й█Т ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪к╪м╪▒╪и╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к█М ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪▒█М┌й╪з╪▒┌И █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘П╪│ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М╪М ┘Б┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М ╪│╪▒┌п╪▒┘Е█М┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪│█Т ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М╪М ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б╪М ╪м┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Б╪▒╪з╪п ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪м┌╛┘Д┌й█М╪з┌║ ┘Е┘Д╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б ╪и█Б╪к ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к╪М ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ ╪з╪п╪з ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ╪п┘И┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪│█Т ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╢┘Е┘И┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪│█Т ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪ж█Т ┌п╪з█Ф
╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б: ╪з█М┌й ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о█М ╪п╪│╪к╪з┘И█М╪▓
╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б╪М ╪м╪│█Т █Б┘Е “Autobiography of Jahangir” ╪и┌╛█М ┌й█Б█Б ╪│┌й╪к█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ┘Е╪║┘Д ╪и╪з╪п╪┤╪з█Б ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪п┘И╪▒┘Р ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е╪╣┘Д┘И┘Е╪з╪к ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┌й╪к╪з╪и ╪о┘И╪п ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ┘Д┌й┌╛█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М╪М ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к█М ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д█Т╪М ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒█М ┘Е╪н╪з┘Б┘Д╪М ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж┘Р ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘П╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й╪з ╪з█Б┘Е ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й “Autobiography” █Б█Т╪М █М╪╣┘Ж█М █М█Б ╪о┘И╪п ╪и╪з╪п╪┤╪з█Б ┌й█М ╪к╪н╪▒█М╪▒ █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ╪│█Т █Б┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘П╪│ ┌й█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒█М ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒█М┘И┌║╪М ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к╪М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪в╪▒╪з╪б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪▒╪з█Б ╪▒╪з╪│╪к ┘Е╪╣┘Д┘И┘Е╪з╪к ┘Е┘Д╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф
╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к█М ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д█Т:
╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪и╪з╪п╪┤╪з█Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪к┌╛╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪м╪│ ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒█М╪з┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒█М ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒█М┘И┌║╪М ╪з╪н╪│╪з╪│╪з╪к╪М ╪║┘Д╪╖█М┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘Ж ╪│█Т ┘И█Б ╪и╪╖┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌п╪▓╪▒╪з█Ф █М█Б ┌й╪к╪з╪и ╪з█М┌й ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘П╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й█М ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М╪з┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒┘И┘Ж█М ╪к┘Ж╪з╪▓╪╣╪з╪к ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┌й┌╛╪з╪ж█Т ┌п╪ж█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪░█Б╪и█М ╪о█М╪з┘Д╪з╪к╪М ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к█М ┘╛╪з┘Д█М╪│█М╪з┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒╪з╪ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф
╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪и█М┘И█М╪М ╪и┌Ж┘И┌║╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪╣┘Д┘И┘Е╪з╪к ╪п█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘П╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д╪п ╪з┌й╪и╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ┘Е╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ╪м┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ╪н╪╡█Б ┘Д█М╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ╪м┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┌й┘Е╪к┘Р ╪╣┘Е┘Д█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к█М ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д█Т ┌й█М╪│█Т ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф
╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪│╪▒┌п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒:
╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Б╪к ╪▓█М╪з╪п█Б ╪к┌╛█М█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д█Т ┌й█М█Т ╪м╪з╪к█Т ╪к┌╛█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж┘Р ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ┌й█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪и█Б╪к ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪к┌╛█М█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒╪з┘Ж ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ╪м█М╪│█Т ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪п█М╪з╪М ╪м┘И ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┌й█Т ┘Е█М╪п╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з┘Ж ┘И ╪┤┘И┌й╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒╪о ╪п█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д╪М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┘╛╪│┘Ж╪п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д█М╪з╪к█М ┘Е╪╣█М╪з╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪и╪з╪и ┌й┌╛┘И┘Д╪з█Ф
╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┘И ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й┘И ┘╛╪▒┘И╪з┘Ж ┌Ж┌С┌╛╪з█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪з┘П╪│█М ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е ╪┤╪з█Б█М ┘Е╪н╪з┘Б┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪к┘В╪▒█М╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В╪з╪к ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж┘Р ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ┌й█Т ╪н┘И╪з┘Д█Т ╪│█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪к┌╛█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з┘Ж ┘И ╪┤┘И┌й╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘П╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│ ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф
┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒:
╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Б╪к ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪к╪╡┘И█М╪▒┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з█Б█М ┘Е╪н╪з┘Б┘Д ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪з┘Е ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪│┘И┘Ж┘╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┘╛╪│┘Ж╪п█М╪М ╪▒┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒┘╛┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ┌й╪┤█М ┌й█М ┘Е█Б╪з╪▒╪к ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ ╪к┌╛█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╡╪з┘И█М╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪м╪к┘Е╪з╪╣█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒┘Ж╪з┘Е█Т ╪и┌╛█М ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М█Т ┌п╪ж█Т█Ф ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╡┘И█М╪▒█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д█М╪з╪к█М ┘Д╪н╪з╪╕ ╪│█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪к┌╛█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о█М ╪▒┘И╪з█М╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ╪и┌╛█М ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М█Ф
╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В “╪┤┌й╪з╪▒█М ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒” █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪з┘Б╪▒╪з╪п ┌й┘И ╪┤┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪з┘Б┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┌й┌╛╪з█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д█М╪з╪к█М ┘Д╪н╪з╪╕ ╪│█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘П╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┘Д╪╖┘Ж╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪з┘В╪к ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪╕█Б╪з╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф
╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к:
╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪з┘Б╪▒╪з╪п╪М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒┘И┌║╪М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒┘И┌║╪М ╪з╪п█М╪и┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪з┘Ж╪┤┘И╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ╪з┘Б╪▒╪з╪п ┌й╪з ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪к┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж ╪│█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┌й█Т ╪н┘И╪з┘Д█Т ╪│█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┘В╪з╪ж┘Е ┌й█М█Т ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪з┘Б┘Д╪М ┘Е╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█Б╪М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж┘Р ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣┘Д┘Е╪М ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к ╪╣╪▓╪к ╪п█М ╪м╪з╪к█М ╪к┌╛█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒┘И┌║╪М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪и╪з┘В╪з╪╣╪п█Б ┘Е╪н╪з┘Б┘Д ┘Е┘Ж╪╣┘В╪п ┌й█М ╪м╪з╪к█М ╪к┌╛█М┌║█Ф
┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б:
╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪п╪│╪к╪з┘И█М╪▓ █Б█Т ╪м┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪п╪п ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж╪М ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┌й█Т ╪н┘И╪з┘Д█Т ╪│█Т ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е╪╣┘Д┘И┘Е╪з╪к ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й█М ┘Е╪п╪п ╪│█Т █Б┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к█М ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪з┘Ж ╪│┌й╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к╪М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛ ╪│┌й╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к╪М ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ╪│┘Ж┌п ┘Е█М┘Д ╪л╪з╪и╪к █Б┘И╪ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж┘Р ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ┌й█М ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█Т ╪и╪з╪и ┌й╪з ╪з╪╢╪з┘Б█Б ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖╪з┘Д╪╣█Б ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж┘Р ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ┌й█Т ╪╖┘Д╪и╪з╪б ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪и┌╛█М ╪и█Б╪к ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф
Jahangirnama and Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan: A Historical and Cultural Overview
Introduction: Jahangirnama is considered one of the most significant documents from the Mughal era, written by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir himself. This book is not just a record of the personal experiences and political decisions of a king, but it also provides a detailed account of the cultural, artistic, and social activities in his court. It sheds light on JahangirтАЩs personal life, his political philosophy, his involvement in wars, and his relationships with various prominent figures at his court. Notably, the book also highlights the role of Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan, the famous painter at JahangirтАЩs court. The relationship between Jahangir and Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan played a crucial role in the development of Mughal painting, and their personalities are beautifully depicted in this book. This essay will explore the different aspects of Jahangirnama, particularly focusing on the role of Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan.
Jahangirnama: A Historical Document Jahangirnama, also known as the “Autobiography of Jahangir,” provides crucial information about the life of Mughal Emperor Jahangir and his reign. The book was written by Jahangir himself, and it covers various aspects of his personal life, government decisions, courtly gatherings, fine arts, and the political conditions of the time. A key aspect of the book is that it is an “autobiography,” meaning it is written by the king himself, offering direct insight into his natural weaknesses, emotions, personal opinions, and political decisions.
JahangirтАЩs Personality and Governmental Decisions: In Jahangirnama, Jahangir is portrayed as a human being, not merely as a king, with personal weaknesses and challenges. The book reveals his natural flaws, emotions, mistakes, and the personal struggles he faced. It presents his decisions, the complexities involved, and his internal conflicts. The book also touches upon JahangirтАЩs religious beliefs, governmental policies, and his views on wars.
The book provides an account of his personal life, including his relationships with his wife, children, and his courtly interactions. It also sheds light on his relationship with his father, Akbar, and key decisions made during his reign. Important wars in which Jahangir participated are also discussed, offering insights into his strategies and governmental decisions during those times.
Courtly Activities and the Role of Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan: JahangirтАЩs court held significant importance in Mughal culture. Not only were political decisions made there, but it also had a deep appreciation for fine arts. During this time, Jahangir gave Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan, a renowned painter, an important position at his court. Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan not only highlighted the grandeur of JahangirтАЩs court but also gave a new dimension to the cultural life of the era. His creations, characterized by the use of color, realism, and aesthetic standards, marked a new chapter in Mughal painting.
Jahangir nurtured various aspects of knowledge and art in his court, using Khwaja Abu’l-HasanтАЩs paintings to capture important royal gatherings and hunting events. These works were not only important in terms of fine arts but also reflected the grandeur of the court and the political life of the time.
Mughal Painting and the Role of Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan: Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan was a great painter in Mughal art, and he held a significant position at JahangirтАЩs court. Jahangir entrusted him with the important task of capturing royal portraits and documenting courtly events. His works are notable for their realism, the vivid use of colors, and his skill in depicting scenes. His paintings not only represented court life but also showcased social and cultural landscapes. Khwaja Abu’l-HasanтАЩs works were significant not only from an aesthetic perspective but also in terms of reflecting historical traditions.
One of his famous works, The Hunting Scene, depicts important members of the court participating in a royal hunting event. This painting is not only aesthetically important but also reflects the cultural life and power of the Mughal empire during that time.
Court Culture in Jahangirnama: Jahangirnama also discusses the culture of the court and its various aspects. It mentions the important individuals at the court, such as painters, poets, writers, and intellectuals, who held significant positions. Jahangir established relationships with these figures, contributing to the development of governance and cultural growth. The book emphasizes the importance of courtly gatherings, poetry recitals, music, and fine arts. In Jahangir’s court, knowledge, literature, and the arts were highly esteemed, and regular gatherings were held with poets, painters, and musicians.
Conclusion: Jahangirnama is a historical and cultural document that not only helps in understanding the history of the Mughal era but also provides valuable information about arts, literature, and culture. Through this book, we gain insights into Mughal governance, wars, and the significance of court culture, painting, and poetry. The relationship between Jahangir and Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan was pivotal in the development of Mughal painting and added a new chapter to the history of fine arts during the Mughal period. Studying this book is crucial not only for understanding Mughal history but also for students of fine arts.
