HUMANITIESMJC-3MJC-4PERSIANUG

UG-Persian, Semester-3, MJC-3, MJC-4

UG-Persian, Semester-3, MJC-3

Classical Persian Prose

╪┤█М╪о ╪│╪╣╪п█М ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М: ╪з┘Ж╪к╪о╪з╪и ╪з╪▓ ┌п┘Д╪│╪к╪з┘Ж (█Б╪┤╪к ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ╪з╪▓ ╪и╪з╪и ╪з┘И┘Д)

╪┤█М╪о ╪│╪╣╪п█М ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒╪М ┘Ж╪л╪▒┘Ж┌п╪з╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й█М┘Е █Б█М┌║ ╪м┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪к╪н╪▒█М╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М╪з╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б╪з█М╪к ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│╪з╪п┌п█М ╪│█Т ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б ┌п┘Д╪│╪к╪з┘Ж █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М╪М ╪п█М┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к█М ╪н┌й╪з█М╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪┤╪к┘Е┘Д █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪▒┘И╪▓┘Е╪▒█Б ┌й█Т ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ┌й┘И ╪┤╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Ж╪л╪▒█М ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

┌п┘Д╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪и ╪з┘И┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В╪М ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к█М ╪▒┘И╪з╪и╪╖╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п ╪з┌Ж┌╛╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и╪▒╪з╪ж█М ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ╪к┘И╪з╪▓┘Ж ┌й┘И ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Б╪к ╪│█М ╪н┌й╪з█М╪з╪к ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█М┌║ ╪м┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│█Т █Б╪┤╪к ╪н┌й╪з█М╪з╪к ┌й┘И ┘Е┘Ж╪к╪о╪и ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ╪н┌й╪з█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪│╪и┘В ╪п█М█Т ┌п╪ж█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ╪н┌й╪з█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘Е┘Д█М ╪п┘И┘Ж┘И┌║ ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И █Б█М┌║╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ┌й╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪л╪и╪к ╪к╪и╪п█М┘Д█М ┘Д╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й█М █Б█Т█Ф

1. ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к: “╪п╪▒╪о╪к ┌й█М █Б╪п╪з█М╪к

┘╛█Б┘Д█М ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪п╪▒╪о╪к ┌й█М █Б╪п╪з█М╪к ┌й█М ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┌й█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪п╪▒╪о╪к ╪▓┘Е█М┘Ж ╪│█Т ╪м┌С ┌й╪▒ ┘╛┌╛┘Д ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪м┌С█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪╢╪и┘И╪╖ ╪▒┌й┌╛┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪к╪з┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪│┌Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┌Ж┌╛█Т ╪з╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й╪▒ ╪│┌й█М┌║█Ф ╪п╪▒╪о╪к ┌й╪з ┘╛┌╛┘Д ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ┘Б╪з╪ж╪п█Б ┘Е┘Ж╪п █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з╪│█М ╪╖╪▒╪н ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Ж█М┌й█М╪з┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘И╪│╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ┘Б╪з╪ж╪п█Б ┘Е┘Ж╪п █Б┘И┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б╪ж█М┌║█Ф

2. ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к: “┌Ж┘Ж╪п ╪з╪н┘И╪з┘Д ╪и╪з╪▒█М╪з╪и█М

╪п┘И╪│╪▒█М ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪┤╪о╪╡ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Ж█Т █Б╪▒ ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪│█Т ┘Е╪п╪п ╪╖┘Д╪и ┌й█М╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪в╪о╪▒┌й╪з╪▒ ╪з╪│█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н┘Ж╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┌Ж╪з╪ж█М ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д █Б┘И╪ж█М█Ф █М█Б ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪п╪▒╪│ ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪н┘Ж╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█М┘Е╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪│█Т ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ┌й╪│█М ╪п┘И╪│╪▒█Т ┌й█М ┘Е╪п╪п ┌й╪з ╪з┘Ж╪к╪╕╪з╪▒ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪м╪п┘И ╪м█Б╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┌Ж╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж╪з ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д ╪и┘Ж╪з┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф

3. ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к: “╪о┘И╪п ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к

╪к█М╪│╪▒█М ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ┌й█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о┘И╪п ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪к╪з┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒█М┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╖╪з┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪╖╪▒█М┘В█Т ╪│█Т ╪м╪з┘Ж ╪│┌й█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ╪о┘И╪п ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪п ╪з╪н╪к╪│╪з╪и█М ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ┘И╪з╪╢╪н ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪к┘И ┘И█Б ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д█Т ┌й╪▒ ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪и┘Ж╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

4. ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к: “╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪╣┘Е┘Д

┌Ж┘И╪к┌╛█М ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ┌й█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┌п╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┌Ж┌╛█Т ╪з╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й╪▒█Т ┌п╪з ╪к┘И ┘И█Б ╪з┌Ж┌╛╪з ╪┤╪о╪╡ ╪и┘Ж█Т ┌п╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┌п╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪и╪▒█Т ╪з╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й╪▒█Т ┌п╪з ╪к┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛┌С█Т ┌п╪з█Ф █М█Б ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪и╪к╪з╪к█М █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪м┘И ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ╪и┌╛█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛┌С╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к█М ╪▒┘И╪з╪и╪╖ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

5. ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к: “╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪╖╪з┘В╪к

┘╛╪з┘Ж┌Ж┘И█М┌║ ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪╖╪з┘В╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д█М █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ┌й█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪╖╪з┘В╪к┘И╪▒ ╪в┘Д█Б █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪о█М╪з┘Д╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪н╪│╪з╪│╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪п┘И╪│╪▒┘И┌║ ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪╖╪з┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛ ┌й╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ┘Е╪н╪к╪з╪╖ ╪▒█Б┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т╪М ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б █М█Б ╪╖╪з┘В╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣█М┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪│╪╣╪п█М ╪з╪│ ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪│┌й┌╛╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ╪│█Т ┘Ж┌й┘Д█Т ╪з┘Д┘Б╪з╪╕ ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪и┘И┘Д┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█Т ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪│┘Ж┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█Т ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ┘╛┌С╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

6. ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к: “╪╣┘Д┘Е ┌й╪з ╪╖┘Д╪и

┌Ж┌╛┘╣█М ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┌й█Т ╪╖┘Д╪и ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ┌й█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪╣┘Д┘Е ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ┘В█М┘Е╪к█М ┌Ж█М╪▓ █Б█Т ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ╪и╪п┘Д┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪╡┘Д╪з╪н█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪│╪╣╪п█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪╣┘Д┘Е ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪║█М╪и ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п┌╛█М╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒ ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н┘Ж╪к ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪║█М╪и ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

7. ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к: “┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М ┌й╪з ╪▒╪з╪▓

╪│╪з╪к┘И█М┌║ ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М ┌й╪з ╪▒╪з╪▓ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ┌й█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М ┌й╪│█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й█М ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪и╪┤╪▒╪╖█М┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о┘Д┘И╪╡ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┌Ж╪з╪ж█М ╪▒┌й┌╛█Т█Ф ╪│╪╣╪п█М ╪з╪│ ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И █М█Б ╪│┌й┌╛╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪н┘Ж╪к ┌й╪з ┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█М┘Е╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪и┌С╪з ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┌п╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│┌Ж╪з╪ж█М ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘Е╪н┘Ж╪к ┌й╪▒█Т ┌п╪з ╪к┘И ┘И█Б ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и █Б┘И┌п╪з█Ф

8. ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к: “┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪╖╪▒█М┘В█Б

╪в┘╣┌╛┘И█М┌║ ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ╪╖╪▒█М┘В█Т ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д█М █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ┌й█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Б ╪╡╪з┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И╪з╪╢╪н █Б┘И┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ┌й╪│█М ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┌й█Т ╪н╪╡┘И┘Д ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ┘╛█Б┘Д█Т ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛┌╛╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪н╪╡┘И┘Д ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ┘Е╪н┘Ж╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│╪╣█М ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪│╪╣╪п█М ╪з╪│ ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪и╪к╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┌й┘И╪ж█М ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪к╪и ╪к┌й ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И ╪│┌й╪к╪з ╪м╪и ╪к┌й ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з╪│█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┘Ж█Б ╪и┘Ж╪з ┘Д█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ┘Е╪н┘Ж╪к ┘Ж█Б ┌й╪▒█Т█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б:

╪┤█М╪о ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┌й█М ┌п┘Д╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М ╪н┌й╪з█М╪з╪к ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪п╪и ┌й╪з ╪з█Б┘Е ╪н╪╡█Б █Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪и┌╛█М ┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж ╪н┌й╪з█М╪з╪к ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М╪М ╪п█М┘Ж█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к█М ╪з┘В╪п╪з╪▒ ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б╪з█М╪к ╪│╪з╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪в╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪│█Т ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ╪н┌й╪з█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е╪з╪к █Б█М┌║ ┘И█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┌й█М █М█Б ╪н┌й╪з█М╪з╪к █Б┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪к╪з╪к█М █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М╪М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║╪М ╪╣┘Д┘Е╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н┘Ж╪к ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Д┘Б╪з╪╕ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪и┘Ж┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪║█М╪и ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█Т ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪к╪▒█М┘Ж ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

Sheikh Saadi Shirazi: Selections from the Gulistan (Eight Narratives from the First Chapter)

Sheikh Saadi Shirazi is one of the greatest poets, prose writers, and philosophers in Persian literature. Through his writings, he beautifully and simply expressed the values of humanity, ethics, and various aspects of life. His most famous work, Gulistan (The Rose Garden), consists of moral, religious, and social anecdotes. In this book, Saadi depicts the realities of human life and addresses everyday issues through both poetic and prose styles. The first chapter of Gulistan highlights the nature of human beings, their ethics, social relationships, and the balance between good and evil within them. In this chapter, many anecdotes are presented, of which eight have been selected for this discussion. These narratives provide valuable moral and life lessons, which remain relevant for people worldwide. The stories encompass both philosophical and practical aspects, and Saadi seeks to bring positive change by deeply understanding the human soul.

1. The Story of “The Guidance of the Tree”

In the first narrative, Saadi speaks of the guidance of a tree. This story reflects human nature and ethics. Saadi says that a tree, rooted in the earth, gives fruit. Similarly, humans should keep their roots firmly planted in their principles so that they can act truthfully and virtuously. The fruit of a tree benefits others, just as the good deeds of a person should be beneficial to others. This story emphasizes the importance of staying grounded in moral values to live a fruitful life that can positively impact society.

2. The Story of “A Few Circumstances of Success”

In the second narrative, Saadi recounts the story of a person in search of success. He sought help from all directions, but ultimately, it was his own hard work and honesty that brought him success. This tale teaches that success in life comes through effort and integrity. One should not wait for help from others but should make hard work and truthfulness their guiding principles in achieving their goals.

3. The Story of “Understanding OneтАЩs True Self”

In the third narrative, Saadi talks about the importance of self-awareness. He advises that one should understand their true self in order to better recognize their weaknesses and strengths. This story highlights the importance of self-awareness and self-reflection. When a person understands their true nature, they can make better decisions and improve their life.

4. The Story of “The Importance of One’s Actions”

In the fourth narrative, Saadi emphasizes the significance of human actions. He says that a person’s actions reflect their true character. If a person performs good deeds, they will become a good person, while bad actions will tarnish their character. This story teaches that everything a person does not only affects their own life but also impacts their social relationships and society.

5. The Story of “The Power of the Tongue”

In the fifth narrative, Saadi sheds light on the power of the tongue. He mentions that the tongue is a powerful tool through which a person expresses their thoughts and emotions. One must be careful, as words have a lasting impact not only on the speaker but also on the listener. In this narrative, Saadi teaches that words can build or break relationships, and one should use this power wisely and thoughtfully.

6. The Story of “The Pursuit of Knowledge”

In the sixth narrative, Saadi speaks of the importance of seeking knowledge. He asserts that knowledge is the most valuable thing for a person, as it has the ability to change a personтАЩs fate. Saadi encourages the pursuit of knowledge, stating that with knowledge, one can dispel the darkness in life. This story emphasizes the significance of education and urges people to strive for knowledge in order to improve their lives.

7. The Story of “The Secret of Success”

In the seventh narrative, Saadi discusses the secret of success. He states that success can be attained in any form, as long as oneтАЩs actions are driven by sincerity and truth. In this story, Saadi teaches that success is not just the result of hard work, but also of moral integrity. If a person works towards their goals with honesty and dedication, they will succeed.

8. The Story of “The Path to Achievement”

In the eighth narrative, Saadi discusses the ways to achieve oneтАЩs goals. He explains that in order to achieve a goal, the path must be clear and straightforward. One should first understand the importance of the goal, and then work hard and make an effort to achieve it. Saadi teaches that no goal can be achieved unless it becomes a personтАЩs primary focus in life and they commit themselves to working towards it.

Conclusion:

The stories presented in Sheikh SaadiтАЩs Gulistan are not only a significant part of Persian literature but also represent fundamental principles of human life. Through these stories, Saadi has conveyed moral, religious, and societal values in a simple and easy-to-understand manner. The messages in these stories are still a source of guidance for people today. SaadiтАЩs narratives teach us the importance of success in life, moral principles, knowledge, and hard work. His words continue to inspire people to become better individuals and teach the greatest principles of humanity.

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е┘З: ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж

┘Е┘В╪п┘Е█Б:

╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ █М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ┌й█Т ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ┘Е╪з█Б╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т ╪м┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪│┘Д╪╖┘Ж╪к ┌й█Т ╪┤█Б┘Ж╪┤╪з█Б ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌С█М ╪╣╪▓╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┌й█М ┘Е█Б╪з╪▒╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Ж█М ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д█М╪з╪к ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪и┌С╪з ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒ ╪и┘Ж╪з ╪п█М╪з ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж ╪│█Т ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪з ╪и█М╪┤╪к╪▒ ╪н╪╡█Б █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┌п╪▓╪▒╪з╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪│┘Д╪╖┘Ж╪к ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ╪н█М╪л█М╪к ╪│█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪о╪к ╪и┘Ж╪з╪ж█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┌й█М ┘Е╪о╪╡┘И╪╡ ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й╪з┘Е ┌й█М ┘Е█Б╪з╪▒╪к ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘Е╪к╪з╪▓ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪п█М╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪в╪л╪з╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪┤╪з█Б┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪п█М┌й┌╛╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е┘З:

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е┘З ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪к╪з╪и █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪║┘Д ╪и╪з╪п╪┤╪з█Б ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪з┘Б╪▒╪з╪п╪М ┘И╪з┘В╪╣╪з╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о█М ┘Д┘Е╪н┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪│ ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪▓█М╪з╪п█Б ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т ┘И█Б ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█М ┘Б┘Ж█М ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪о╪к ╪п█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒█М╪з╪│╪к█М ╪з┘Е┘И╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▓╪з┘И█М█Б ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з█Ф

╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М:

╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Ж╪з┘Е ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ╪к┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪┤█Б╪▒ ╪з╪╡┘Б█Б╪з┘Ж ╪│█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█Т ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘И╪з┘Д╪п ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪и█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ┘Б┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е█Б╪з╪▒╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪║█М╪и ╪п█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪и╪к╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ╪з╪╡┘Б█Б╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪и┘Ж█М╪з╪п█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д ╪│█М┌й┌╛█Т█Ф ╪и╪╣╪п ╪з╪▓╪з┌║ ┘И█Б █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ╪в ┌п╪ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪║┘Д ╪┤█Б┘Ж╪┤╪з█Б ╪з┌й╪и╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┌й╪з┘Е ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┘Д┌п█Т█Ф

╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Е┘Е╪к╪з╪▓ ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤┘Е╪з╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┌й█М ┘Е╪о╪╡┘И╪╡ ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪╣┌й╪з╪│ █Б┘И┘Ж╪з╪М ┘В╪п╪▒╪к█М ┘Е┘Ж╪з╪╕╪▒ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┘╛╪│┘Ж╪п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з█Б█М ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪▒┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪к┘И╪з╪▓┘Ж ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д █Б█М┌║█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘Ж┘Б╪▒╪п ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█Т ╪к┌╛█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪╖╪▒╪▓┘Р ╪в╪▒┘╣ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж┘В┘Д╪з╪и█М ╪к╪и╪п█М┘Д█М╪з┌║ ┘Д╪з╪ж█М┌║█Ф

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж:

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪│┘Д╪╖┘Ж╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪и█Б╪к ╪з█Б┘Е ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪▒█М╪з╪│╪к█М ╪з┘Е┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и╪з╪к ┌Ж█М╪к █Б┘И╪к█М ╪к┌╛█М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ╪о┘И╪п ╪з█М┌й ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж┘Р ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ┌й█Т ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ┘Е╪п╪з╪н ╪к┌╛█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ┘╛╪│┘Ж╪п█М╪п█Б ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪и█М╪┤╪к╪▒ ┘И┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌п╪▓╪▒╪з╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪п╪╣┘И ┌й█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й╪з┘Е ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к ╪│╪▒╪з█Б╪з█Ф

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж┘Р ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪з╪│ ┘В╪п╪▒ ╪к┌╛█М ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┌й╪ж█М ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Д┘Е╪н┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о█М ┘И╪з┘В╪╣╪з╪к ┌й┘И ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д╪ж█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й┘И █Б╪п╪з█М╪к ╪п█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ ╪и█Б╪к ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒╪з┘Ж█Б ╪░┘И┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б┘Ж█М ┘Е█Б╪з╪▒╪к ┘Ж█Т ┘Е┘Д ┌й╪▒ ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪и╪╡╪▒█М ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪о╪к ╪п█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘Ж┘Б╪▒╪п ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д█М╪з╪к ╪к┌╛█М╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪▒┘И╪з█М╪к█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ┘Ж█М╪з ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ╪п█М╪з█Ф

╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М:

╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪з╪к █М█Б ╪к┌╛█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪┤╪з█Б█М ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з┘Ж ┘И ╪┤┘И┌й╪к ┌й┘И ╪п┌й┌╛╪з╪к╪з ╪к┌╛╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪м┘Ж┌п╪М ╪┤┌й╪з╪▒╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж╪к█Б╪з╪ж█М ┘Е█Б╪з╪▒╪к ╪│█Т ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘В╪п╪▒╪к█М ┘Е┘Ж╪з╪╕╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪з┘Ж╪к█Б╪з╪ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┘╛╪│┘Ж╪п╪з┘Ж█Б ╪╖╪▒█М┘В█Т ╪│█Т ╪п┌й┌╛╪з█М╪з ┌п█М╪з█Ф ┘И█Б ╪▒┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪и╪з╪▓█М ┌п╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌й█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и╪о┘И╪и█М ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й╪▒╪к█Т ╪к┌╛█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪з┘Д┌п █Б█М ╪п┘Д┌й╪┤█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪п╪к ╪к┌╛█М█Ф

╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪и┌С█М ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪к ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪░█Б╪з┘Ж╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В█М ╪╡┘Д╪з╪н█М╪к ╪к┌╛█М╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И╪з╪╢╪н ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к█М ╪к┌╛█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж┘Б╪з╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Ж╪▓╪з┌й╪к ╪к┌╛█М╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪┤╪з┌п╪▒╪п┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ┘Б┘Ж┌й╪з╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┌й╪з┘Е ╪│█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪к┌╛█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Б┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘В╪п╪│ ╪╣┘Е┘Д ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪ж█М ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В█М ╪│┘И┌Ж ┌й┘И ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ┌й█М╪з█Ф

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В:

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж┘Р ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ┌й╪з ╪и█Б╪к ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪з█М┌й ┘Б┘Ж┌й╪з╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│╪▒┘╛╪▒╪│╪к ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ┘Б┘Ж█М ╪░┘И┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е█Б╪з╪▒╪к ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┌й ┘В╪п╪▒╪к█М █Б┘Е ╪в█Б┘Ж┌п█М ╪к┌╛█М╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒█М ┘Б┘Ж ┌й█М ╪и█Б╪к╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪│╪и╪и ╪и┘Ж█М█Ф ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪▓╪к ╪п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й╪з┘Е ┌й█М ┘В╪п╪▒ ┌й█М█Ф

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В╪з╪к ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з┘Ж ┘И ╪┤┘И┌й╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌С┌╛╪з█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪│┘Д╪╖┘Ж╪к ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪к╪╡┘И█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж█Т ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╡╪з┘И█М╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ┘В╪│┘Е ┌й█М ┘Ж┘Б╪з╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪з╪░╪и█М╪к ╪к┌╛█М ╪м┘И ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪┤╪з█Б█М ┘Е╪з╪н┘И┘Д ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М ╪к┌╛█М█Ф

╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪з┘Е:

╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ “╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е┘З” ┌й█М ╪к╪╡╪з┘И█М╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з█Б█М ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е ╪к┘В╪▒█М╪и╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪к╪╡╪з┘И█М╪▒ ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╡┘И█М╪▒┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ╪о┘И╪и█М ╪│█Т ╪п┌й┌╛╪з█М╪з ┌п█М╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ╪к╪╡╪з┘И█М╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪к┌╛█М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Б┘Ж█М ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ╪и┌╛█М ╪и█Т ┘Е╪л╪з┘Д ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪к╪╡╪з┘И█М╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌й█Т ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е█Б╪з╪▒╪к ╪п┌й┌╛╪з╪ж█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪╖╪▒╪▓┘Р ╪в╪▒┘╣ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪и╪з╪и ╪▒┘В┘Е ┌й█М╪з█Ф

╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б┘Ж█М ┘И╪▒╪з╪л╪к:

╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┘Ж█Т ╪м┘И ┘Б┘Ж█М ┘И╪▒╪з╪л╪к ┌Ж┌╛┘И┌С█М █Б█Т ┘И█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж┘Р ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ┌й█Т ┘Е╪з█Б╪▒█М┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Ж┌й╪з╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д╪ж█Т ╪з█М┌й ┌п╪▒╪з┌║ ┘В╪п╪▒ ╪з╪л╪з╪л█Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪│┘Д╪╖┘Ж╪к ┌й█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б┘Ж█М ┘Е█Б╪з╪▒╪к ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪з┘Е ┌й┘И █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б ╪▒┌й┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╡┘И█М╪▒ ┌й╪┤█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪┤╪з█Б█М ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з┘Ж ┘И ╪┤┘И┌й╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М╪М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘В╪к╪╡╪з╪п█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й█М█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б:

╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ┘Б┘Ж┌й╪з╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т ╪м┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ┌й█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Д┘Е╪н┘И┌║ ┌й┘И █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ┌й█Т ┘Д╪ж█Т ┘Е╪н┘Б┘И╪╕ ┌й╪▒ ┘Д█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В╪з╪к ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж┘Р ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ┌й█Т ╪╖┘Д╪и╪з╪б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪з█Б╪▒█М┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪к╪н╪▒█М┌й █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Б┘Ж┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е█Б╪з╪▒╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В█М ╪╡┘Д╪з╪н█М╪к┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д█М╪з╪к█М ╪░┘И┘В ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф “╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е┘З” ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ╪к╪╡╪з┘И█М╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ┌й┘И ╪м█М╪к╪з ╪м╪з┌п╪к╪з ╪и┘Ж╪з█М╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й╪з┘Е █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ┌й█Т ┘Д╪ж█Т ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б ╪▒█Б█Т ┌п╪з█Ф

Jahangirnama: Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan

Introduction: Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan was a renowned court painter and a great master of fine arts during the Mughal Empire, particularly under the reign of Emperor Jahangir. His artistic skill and aesthetic sense made him one of the greatest painters of his time. Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan hailed from Iran, specifically from the city of Isfahan, but he spent most of his life in India, where he made his mark as a painter in the Mughal court. His distinctive style of painting, his mastery in technique, and his innovative approach to art earned him a prominent position in the Mughal court. His works are still regarded as masterpieces of Persian and Mughal art.

Jahangirnama: Jahangirnama is an important manuscript that chronicles the life of Mughal Emperor Jahangir and depicts key individuals in his court, significant events, and historical moments. The most frequently mentioned artist in this book is Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan. Abu’l-Hasan played a vital role in the Mughal court, and his artwork provided a new artistic identity to Emperor Jahangir’s reign. Through his paintings, he offered a unique perspective on the emperor’s court life and state matters.

Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan’s Life: Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan’s birth name was Abu’l-Hasan, and he came from Isfahan, Iran. His father was also a painter, and his guidance and mentorship encouraged Abu’l-Hasan to pursue the art of painting. Abu’l-Hasan received his early education in Isfahan, where he learned the basic principles of painting. Later, he moved to India and began working as a court painter during the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar.

He is considered one of the most distinguished painters of his time. Abu’l-Hasan’s works are characterized by the reflection of life’s realities, realistic depictions of natural landscapes, and the balanced portrayal of the royal court’s activities. He had a unique perspective on painting, and his work brought revolutionary changes to the Mughal style of art.

Jahangir’s Court and Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan: Emperor Jahangir’s court was a significant cultural and political center of the Mughal Empire, where not only state matters were discussed but also the importance of the fine arts was acknowledged. Jahangir himself was a great patron of the arts and had a particular admiration for Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan. Jahangir spent much of his life at court, where he invited various artists to work at his court and highly praised their efforts.

Jahangir’s love for the fine arts was so profound that he encouraged the depiction of important moments in his life and historical events through painting. Among the artists in his court, Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan played a prominent role. The collaboration between JahangirтАЩs artistic taste and Abu’l-HasanтАЩs technical mastery resulted in the Mughal court acquiring a new visual identity. Abu’l-Hasan’s works not only presented the grandeur of the Mughal court but also added a fresh interpretation to the traditional Mughal art form.

Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan’s Art: Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan’s paintings displayed many unique features. His art was not just about depicting the royal courtтАЩs splendor; it also skillfully captured the realities of life, love, war, hunting, and scenes from the royal court. He had an exceptional ability to represent natural landscapes with incredible realism. His mastery of color play and the use of light effects brought his works to life, and his paintings possessed an unparalleled charm and originality.

Abu’l-HasanтАЩs greatest strength was his creativity and intelligence, which were clearly evident in his work. His paintings exhibited a finesse and delicacy that distinguished them from the works of his peers and students. For Abu’l-Hasan, art was not merely a profession or source of income; it was a sacred practice, and he constantly infused new, creative ideas into his work.

Relationship with Jahangir: The relationship between Emperor Jahangir and Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan was that of an artist and a patron, characterized by mutual respect and admiration. JahangirтАЩs passion for the arts perfectly complemented Abu’l-HasanтАЩs artistic expertise. This synergy contributed significantly to the improvement of the Mughal courtтАЩs artistic output. Jahangir always honored Abu’l-Hasan in his court and highly valued his work.

Abu’l-Hasan’s works not only enhanced the prestige of the court but also presented various facets of the Mughal Empire through his paintings. His artwork had a unique elegance and appeal that mirrored the royal ambiance of the Mughal era.

Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan’s Notable Works: Some of Khwaja Abu’l-HasanтАЩs most important works include the illustrations in the Jahangirnama and paintings depicting major royal events and hunting expeditions. His works portray various aspects of JahangirтАЩs life in such a detailed manner that his paintings not only hold historical significance but also exhibit unparalleled aesthetic beauty. Abu’l-Hasan was particularly skilled in the use of colors and light, and his works marked a new chapter in Mughal art.

Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan’s Artistic Legacy: The artistic legacy left by Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan remains a valuable treasure for art historians and artists even today. His paintings not only recorded the history of the Mughal Empire but also demonstrated his technical mastery, which ensured that his name would live on through the ages. Abu’l-Hasan’s artwork portrayed not only the grandeur of the royal court but also reflected the social, cultural, and economic life of the period.

Conclusion: Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan was a great artist who immortalized important moments in history through his paintings in the Mughal court. His creations continue to inspire students and experts of fine arts to this day. His work not only demonstrates his skill as an artist but also showcases his creative abilities and aesthetic sense. The illustrations in Jahangirnama and other paintings have brought the culture and history of the Mughal era to life, and his contributions to art will remain etched in history forever.

JAHANGIR NAMA IN DETAIL

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о█М ┌й╪к╪з╪и █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪║┘Д ╪и╪з╪п╪┤╪з█Б ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘И╪з┘В╪╣╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й┘И ╪о┘И╪п ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ┘Д┌й┌╛╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘П╪│ ┌й█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Д┘Е╪н┘И┌║╪М ┘И╪з┘В╪╣╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪о█М╪з┘Д╪з╪к╪М ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪п█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ╪│█Т ╪з┘П╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М╪М ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪з╪к ┌й╪з ┘╛╪к█Б ┌Ж┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б:

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┌й┘И ╪п┘И ╪н╪╡┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к┘В╪│█М┘Е ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з█М┌й ╪н╪╡█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к█М ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪и┘Ж█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪и┌й█Б ╪п┘И╪│╪▒╪з ╪н╪╡█Б ╪з┘П╪│ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪з┘Б╪▒╪з╪п╪М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪з┘Ж╪┤┘И╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘Д╪з┘В╪з╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к█М ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М╪М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М╪М ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж┘Р ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒█М ┘Е╪н╪з┘Б┘Д ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪░┌й╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒█М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ╪и█Б╪к╪▒█М┘Ж ╪к╪╡╪з┘И█М╪▒ ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В ┌й█М┌║╪М ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Ж┘Е┘И┘Ж█Т ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к:

  1. ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е╪з╪о╪░: ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е╪з╪о╪░ █Б█Т ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪╣┘Д┘И┘Е╪з╪к ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪│█М╪з╪│█М╪М ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪з╪к ╪и┌╛█М ┘И╪з╪╢╪н ┌й█М█Т ┌п╪ж█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й█М ┘Е╪п╪п ╪│█Т █Б┘Е ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪│┘Д╪╖┘Ж╪к ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒┘И┘Ж█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛ ╪│┌й╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф
  2. ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪░╪з╪к█М ┘Ж┘В╪╖█Б ┘Ж╪╕╪▒: ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘Ж┘Б╪▒╪п ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б █М█Б ╪и╪з╪п╪┤╪з█Б ┌й█М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪к╪н╪▒█М╪▒ █Б█Т╪М █М╪╣┘Ж█М █М█Б ┌й╪к╪з╪и ╪з█М┌й “Autobiography” ┌й█М ╪┤┌й┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪│█Т ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪о█М╪з┘Д╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┌й╪з ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪м╪з╪ж╪▓█Б ┘Д█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪з╪п╪┤╪з█Б ┌й█М ┘Б┌й╪▒█М ╪к╪и╪п█М┘Д█М┘И┌║╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ┘Б┘Ж█М ╪░┘И┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и╪▒╪з█Б ╪▒╪з╪│╪к ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф
  3. ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪│╪▒┌п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┌║: ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪│╪▒┌п╪▒┘Е█М┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪│█Т ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒█М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒┘И┌║╪М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒┘И┌║╪М ╪з╪п█М╪и┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘И╪│╪▒█Т ┘Б┘Ж┌й╪з╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ┘Е┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ╪н█М╪л█М╪к ╪│█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ ╪з╪п╪з ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ █Б█М ╪з╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ┘И ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█М ╪з█Б┘Е ╪к┘В╪▒█М╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪и┌╛█М ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪в╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф
  4. ┘Б┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д█М╪з╪к: ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪│█М╪з╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ╪з┘Е┘И╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б█М┌║ ╪п┘И╪│╪▒█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж┘Р ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ╪│█Т ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪и┌╛█М ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ╪о┘И╪п ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ┌й█Т ╪н╪з┘Е█М ╪к┌╛█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒█М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф
  5. ╪п┘И╪▒┘Р ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪к╪╡┘И█М╪▒ ┌й╪┤█М: ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М╪М ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪и█Б╪к╪▒█М┘Ж ╪╣┌й╪│ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪з┘Б┘Д╪М ╪┤┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪к┘В╪▒█М╪и╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ╪и█Б╪к ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪│█Т ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й█М ╪│╪з╪о╪к:

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к┘В╪▒█М╪и╪з┘Л ╪и█М╪│ ╪│╪з┘Д█Б ╪п┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е ╪и╪з╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪к█М╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И╪з┘В╪╣╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪к╪│┘Д╪│┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ╪│█Т ╪з╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪в╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪│█Т ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛█М ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й█Т ╪┤╪▒┘И╪╣ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪и╪к╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪и╪▒╪│┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪и╪╣╪п ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪╣┘Д╪з┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘П╪│ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪з╪к╪М ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█М ┘Е┘Д╪з┘В╪з╪к┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Б┘Ж█М ╪░┘И┘В ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪░┌й╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж:

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒█М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Б╪к ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪к╪╡┘И█М╪▒┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з█Б█М ┘Е╪н╪з┘Б┘Д ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪з┘Е ╪│┘И┘Ж┘╛╪з ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д╪М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┘╛╪│┘Ж╪п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д█М╪з╪к█М ┘Е╪╣█М╪з╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪и╪з╪и ┌й┌╛┘И┘Д╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з┘Ж ┘И ╪┤┘И┌й╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ┘И╪з╪╢╪н ┌й█М╪з█Ф

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к:

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪и╪з╪п╪┤╪з█Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪и┌╛█М ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒█М╪з┌║╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪║┘Д╪╖█М╪з┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ┘Б┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п╪и█М ┘╛╪│┘Ж╪п┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪░┌й╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪и╪з╪п╪┤╪з█Б ┌й█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒█М┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ┘╛╪к╪з ┌Ж┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘П╪│█Т ╪п┘И╪│╪▒█Т ╪и╪з╪п╪┤╪з█Б┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪и┘Ж╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б:

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о█М ┌й╪к╪з╪и █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж┘Р ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪к╪н╪▒█М╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪│┘Д╪╖┘Ж╪к ┌й█М ╪┤╪з┘Ж ┘И ╪┤┘И┌й╪к╪М ╪з╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ┘И ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й┘И ╪и┌С█Т ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪о┘И╪п ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Д┌й┌╛┘Ж╪з ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘Ж┘Б╪▒╪п ╪н█М╪л█М╪к ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖╪з┘Д╪╣█Б ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ┌й╪з ╪м╪з╪ж╪▓█Б ┘Д█М┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█Б┘Е █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ┘Б┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪│╪▒┌п╪▒┘Е█М┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█М┌й ┘В█М┘Е╪к█М ┘Е╪╣┘Д┘И┘Е╪з╪к ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о╪М ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╖┘Д╪и╪з╪б ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘В█М┘Е╪к█М ┘Е╪з╪о╪░ █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п ┘Е┘И╪з╪п ┌й┘И ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ╪│█Т ┘╛┌С┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й█М ┘Е╪п╪п ╪│█Т █Б┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪│┘Д╪╖┘Ж╪к ┌й█М ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛ ╪│┌й╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ┘Б┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е╪╣┘Д┘И┘Е╪з╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒ ╪│┌й╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

Jahangirnama: An Important Historical Work

Jahangirnama is an important and famous historical book that chronicles the life of Mughal Emperor Jahangir and events from his court. The book was written by Jahangir himself and includes details about significant moments, events, and personalities from his reign. It provides insights into his personal thoughts, political decisions, and court life, shedding light on the cultural, political, and social conditions of the time.

Introduction to the Book: Jahangirnama can be divided into two parts. One part is based on his personal life and governmental decisions, while the second part discusses his relationships and interactions with various individuals, painters, and intellectuals in his court. The book not only mentions JahangirтАЩs governmental decisions and wars but also delves into his personal life, poetry, fine arts, and courtly gatherings. The book also highlights the role of his court painter, Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan, who created some of the finest paintings of the era, which are still regarded as prime examples of Mughal art.

Significance of Jahangirnama:

  1. An Important Source for Mughal History: Jahangirnama is a crucial source for understanding Mughal history, as it provides valuable information not only about Jahangir’s reign but also about the political, economic, and cultural conditions of the time. The book helps us understand the internal affairs of the Mughal Empire and the defining characteristics of JahangirтАЩs era.
  2. JahangirтАЩs Personal Perspective: One of the unique aspects of this book is that it is written by the emperor himself, making it an “autobiography.” This allows a deep insight into JahangirтАЩs personal thoughts and character. It offers a direct understanding of his intellectual evolution, artistic taste, and political decisions.
  3. Courtly Activities: Jahangirnama also provides a detailed account of various activities at the royal court. It mentions the court painters, poets, writers, and other artists. The mention of Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan in this book holds significant importance, as he played a vital role as a court painter. The book also sheds light on the political and cultural relationships of the time and important court events.
  4. Art and Aesthetics: While Jahangirnama covers politics and governance, it also reveals JahangirтАЩs love for fine arts. Jahangir was a great patron of the arts, and this book highlights the significance of arts and the creations of court painters. The book reflects JahangirтАЩs passion for aesthetics and artistic excellence.
  5. Depiction of the Jahangirian Era: The book offers a beautiful portrayal of the cultural, social, and political environment of the time. It particularly describes court gatherings, hunting events, and war scenes with great finesse.

Structure of the Book: Jahangirnama covers important events from the approximately twenty-year reign of the emperor. The events are presented in a chronological order, making it easier to understand the political and social conditions of the time. The book begins with an account of Jahangir’s personal life and his early years, followed by descriptions of his important governmental decisions and wars. It also includes mentions of important personalities at his court, the interactions with them, and his taste for the arts.

Jahangir and Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan: Jahangirnama also discusses the relationship between Emperor Jahangir and his court painter, Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan. Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan was a great painter who held a prominent position at the court. Jahangir entrusted him with the important task of capturing his portraits and royal gatherings. The use of colors, realism, and aesthetic standards in Khwaja Abu’l-HasanтАЩs creations marked a new chapter in Mughal painting. His work not only highlighted the grandeur of JahangirтАЩs court but also gave a clear representation of the cultural life of the era.

Jahangir’s Personality in the Book: Jahangirnama presents Jahangir as a human being, not just as a monarch. It discusses his personal weaknesses, emotions, mistakes in his decisions, and his love for art and literature. The book reveals the natural human frailties of a king, which sets Jahangir apart from other rulers.

Conclusion: Jahangirnama is not only a historical text but also an important piece of literature and fine arts. It beautifully presents the grandeur of the Mughal Empire, the political and social conditions of the time, and the cultural life of the era. JahangirтАЩs own account of his life and court gives the book a unique significance. Reading this book is essential not only for studying Mughal history but also for gaining valuable insights into the artistic and cultural activities of the royal court.

Jahangirnama remains a valuable source for students of history, literature, and the arts. The content within it can be read and interpreted in various ways, providing a better understanding of the history of the Mughal Empire as well as the artistic and cultural life of the period.

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж: ╪з█М┌й ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪м╪з╪ж╪▓█Б

╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б:

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪к╪▒█М┘Ж ╪п╪│╪к╪з┘И█М╪▓╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤┘Е╪з╪▒ █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪о┘И╪п ┘Е╪║┘Д ╪и╪з╪п╪┤╪з█Б╪М ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ┘Д┌й┌╛█М█Ф █М█Б ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪и╪з╪п╪┤╪з█Б ┌й█Т ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪к╪м╪▒╪и╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к█М ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪▒█М┌й╪з╪▒┌И █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘П╪│ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М╪М ┘Б┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М ╪│╪▒┌п╪▒┘Е█М┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪│█Т ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М╪М ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б╪М ╪м┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Б╪▒╪з╪п ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪м┌╛┘Д┌й█М╪з┌║ ┘Е┘Д╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б ╪и█Б╪к ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к╪М ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ ╪з╪п╪з ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ╪п┘И┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪│█Т ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╢┘Е┘И┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪│█Т ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪ж█Т ┌п╪з█Ф

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б: ╪з█М┌й ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о█М ╪п╪│╪к╪з┘И█М╪▓

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б╪М ╪м╪│█Т █Б┘Е “Autobiography of Jahangir” ╪и┌╛█М ┌й█Б█Б ╪│┌й╪к█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ┘Е╪║┘Д ╪и╪з╪п╪┤╪з█Б ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪п┘И╪▒┘Р ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е╪╣┘Д┘И┘Е╪з╪к ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┌й╪к╪з╪и ╪о┘И╪п ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ┘Д┌й┌╛█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М╪М ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к█М ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д█Т╪М ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒█М ┘Е╪н╪з┘Б┘Д╪М ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж┘Р ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘П╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й╪з ╪з█Б┘Е ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й “Autobiography” █Б█Т╪М █М╪╣┘Ж█М █М█Б ╪о┘И╪п ╪и╪з╪п╪┤╪з█Б ┌й█М ╪к╪н╪▒█М╪▒ █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ╪│█Т █Б┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘П╪│ ┌й█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒█М ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒█М┘И┌║╪М ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к╪М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪в╪▒╪з╪б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪▒╪з█Б ╪▒╪з╪│╪к ┘Е╪╣┘Д┘И┘Е╪з╪к ┘Е┘Д╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к█М ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д█Т:

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪и╪з╪п╪┤╪з█Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪к┌╛╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪м╪│ ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒█М╪з┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒█М ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒█М┘И┌║╪М ╪з╪н╪│╪з╪│╪з╪к╪М ╪║┘Д╪╖█М┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘Ж ╪│█Т ┘И█Б ╪и╪╖┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌п╪▓╪▒╪з█Ф █М█Б ┌й╪к╪з╪и ╪з█М┌й ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘П╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й█М ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М╪з┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒┘И┘Ж█М ╪к┘Ж╪з╪▓╪╣╪з╪к ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┌й┌╛╪з╪ж█Т ┌п╪ж█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪░█Б╪и█М ╪о█М╪з┘Д╪з╪к╪М ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к█М ┘╛╪з┘Д█М╪│█М╪з┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒╪з╪ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪и█М┘И█М╪М ╪и┌Ж┘И┌║╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪╣┘Д┘И┘Е╪з╪к ╪п█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘П╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д╪п ╪з┌й╪и╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ┘Е╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ╪м┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ╪н╪╡█Б ┘Д█М╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ╪м┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┌й┘Е╪к┘Р ╪╣┘Е┘Д█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к█М ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д█Т ┌й█М╪│█Т ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф

╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪│╪▒┌п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒:

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Б╪к ╪▓█М╪з╪п█Б ╪к┌╛█М█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д█Т ┌й█М█Т ╪м╪з╪к█Т ╪к┌╛█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж┘Р ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ┌й█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪и█Б╪к ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪к┌╛█М█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒╪з┘Ж ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ╪м█М╪│█Т ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪п█М╪з╪М ╪м┘И ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┌й█Т ┘Е█М╪п╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з┘Ж ┘И ╪┤┘И┌й╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒╪о ╪п█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д╪М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┘╛╪│┘Ж╪п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д█М╪з╪к█М ┘Е╪╣█М╪з╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪и╪з╪и ┌й┌╛┘И┘Д╪з█Ф

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┘И ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й┘И ┘╛╪▒┘И╪з┘Ж ┌Ж┌С┌╛╪з█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪з┘П╪│█М ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е ╪┤╪з█Б█М ┘Е╪н╪з┘Б┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪к┘В╪▒█М╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В╪з╪к ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж┘Р ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ┌й█Т ╪н┘И╪з┘Д█Т ╪│█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪к┌╛█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з┘Ж ┘И ╪┤┘И┌й╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘П╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│ ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф

┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒:

╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Б╪к ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪к╪╡┘И█М╪▒┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з█Б█М ┘Е╪н╪з┘Б┘Д ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪з┘Е ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪│┘И┘Ж┘╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┘╛╪│┘Ж╪п█М╪М ╪▒┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒┘╛┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ┌й╪┤█М ┌й█М ┘Е█Б╪з╪▒╪к ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ ╪к┌╛█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╡╪з┘И█М╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪м╪к┘Е╪з╪╣█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒┘Ж╪з┘Е█Т ╪и┌╛█М ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М█Т ┌п╪ж█Т█Ф ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╡┘И█М╪▒█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д█М╪з╪к█М ┘Д╪н╪з╪╕ ╪│█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪к┌╛█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о█М ╪▒┘И╪з█М╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ╪и┌╛█М ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М█Ф

╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В “╪┤┌й╪з╪▒█М ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒” █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪з┘Б╪▒╪з╪п ┌й┘И ╪┤┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪з┘Б┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┌й┌╛╪з█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д█М╪з╪к█М ┘Д╪н╪з╪╕ ╪│█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘П╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┘Д╪╖┘Ж╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪з┘В╪к ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪╕█Б╪з╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к:

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪з┘Б╪▒╪з╪п╪М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒┘И┌║╪М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒┘И┌║╪М ╪з╪п█М╪и┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪з┘Ж╪┤┘И╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ╪з┘Б╪▒╪з╪п ┌й╪з ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪к┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж ╪│█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┌й█Т ╪н┘И╪з┘Д█Т ╪│█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┘В╪з╪ж┘Е ┌й█М█Т ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪з┘Б┘Д╪М ┘Е╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█Б╪М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж┘Р ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣┘Д┘Е╪М ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к ╪╣╪▓╪к ╪п█М ╪м╪з╪к█М ╪к┌╛█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒┘И┌║╪М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪и╪з┘В╪з╪╣╪п█Б ┘Е╪н╪з┘Б┘Д ┘Е┘Ж╪╣┘В╪п ┌й█М ╪м╪з╪к█М ╪к┌╛█М┌║█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б:

╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪п╪│╪к╪з┘И█М╪▓ █Б█Т ╪м┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪п╪п ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж╪М ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┌й█Т ╪н┘И╪з┘Д█Т ╪│█Т ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е╪╣┘Д┘И┘Е╪з╪к ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й█М ┘Е╪п╪п ╪│█Т █Б┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к█М ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪з┘Ж ╪│┌й╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к╪М ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛ ╪│┌й╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪м█Б╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к╪М ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ┘Е╪╡┘И╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ╪│┘Ж┌п ┘Е█М┘Д ╪л╪з╪и╪к █Б┘И╪ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж┘Р ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ┌й█М ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█Т ╪и╪з╪и ┌й╪з ╪з╪╢╪з┘Б█Б ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖╪з┘Д╪╣█Б ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪║┘Д█М█Б ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж┘Р ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ┌й█Т ╪╖┘Д╪и╪з╪б ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪и┌╛█М ╪и█Б╪к ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

Jahangirnama and Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan: A Historical and Cultural Overview

Introduction: Jahangirnama is considered one of the most significant documents from the Mughal era, written by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir himself. This book is not just a record of the personal experiences and political decisions of a king, but it also provides a detailed account of the cultural, artistic, and social activities in his court. It sheds light on JahangirтАЩs personal life, his political philosophy, his involvement in wars, and his relationships with various prominent figures at his court. Notably, the book also highlights the role of Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan, the famous painter at JahangirтАЩs court. The relationship between Jahangir and Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan played a crucial role in the development of Mughal painting, and their personalities are beautifully depicted in this book. This essay will explore the different aspects of Jahangirnama, particularly focusing on the role of Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan.

Jahangirnama: A Historical Document Jahangirnama, also known as the “Autobiography of Jahangir,” provides crucial information about the life of Mughal Emperor Jahangir and his reign. The book was written by Jahangir himself, and it covers various aspects of his personal life, government decisions, courtly gatherings, fine arts, and the political conditions of the time. A key aspect of the book is that it is an “autobiography,” meaning it is written by the king himself, offering direct insight into his natural weaknesses, emotions, personal opinions, and political decisions.

JahangirтАЩs Personality and Governmental Decisions: In Jahangirnama, Jahangir is portrayed as a human being, not merely as a king, with personal weaknesses and challenges. The book reveals his natural flaws, emotions, mistakes, and the personal struggles he faced. It presents his decisions, the complexities involved, and his internal conflicts. The book also touches upon JahangirтАЩs religious beliefs, governmental policies, and his views on wars.

The book provides an account of his personal life, including his relationships with his wife, children, and his courtly interactions. It also sheds light on his relationship with his father, Akbar, and key decisions made during his reign. Important wars in which Jahangir participated are also discussed, offering insights into his strategies and governmental decisions during those times.

Courtly Activities and the Role of Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan: JahangirтАЩs court held significant importance in Mughal culture. Not only were political decisions made there, but it also had a deep appreciation for fine arts. During this time, Jahangir gave Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan, a renowned painter, an important position at his court. Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan not only highlighted the grandeur of JahangirтАЩs court but also gave a new dimension to the cultural life of the era. His creations, characterized by the use of color, realism, and aesthetic standards, marked a new chapter in Mughal painting.

Jahangir nurtured various aspects of knowledge and art in his court, using Khwaja Abu’l-HasanтАЩs paintings to capture important royal gatherings and hunting events. These works were not only important in terms of fine arts but also reflected the grandeur of the court and the political life of the time.

Mughal Painting and the Role of Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan: Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan was a great painter in Mughal art, and he held a significant position at JahangirтАЩs court. Jahangir entrusted him with the important task of capturing royal portraits and documenting courtly events. His works are notable for their realism, the vivid use of colors, and his skill in depicting scenes. His paintings not only represented court life but also showcased social and cultural landscapes. Khwaja Abu’l-HasanтАЩs works were significant not only from an aesthetic perspective but also in terms of reflecting historical traditions.

One of his famous works, The Hunting Scene, depicts important members of the court participating in a royal hunting event. This painting is not only aesthetically important but also reflects the cultural life and power of the Mughal empire during that time.

Court Culture in Jahangirnama: Jahangirnama also discusses the culture of the court and its various aspects. It mentions the important individuals at the court, such as painters, poets, writers, and intellectuals, who held significant positions. Jahangir established relationships with these figures, contributing to the development of governance and cultural growth. The book emphasizes the importance of courtly gatherings, poetry recitals, music, and fine arts. In Jahangir’s court, knowledge, literature, and the arts were highly esteemed, and regular gatherings were held with poets, painters, and musicians.

Conclusion: Jahangirnama is a historical and cultural document that not only helps in understanding the history of the Mughal era but also provides valuable information about arts, literature, and culture. Through this book, we gain insights into Mughal governance, wars, and the significance of court culture, painting, and poetry. The relationship between Jahangir and Khwaja Abu’l-Hasan was pivotal in the development of Mughal painting and added a new chapter to the history of fine arts during the Mughal period. Studying this book is crucial not only for understanding Mughal history but also for students of fine arts.

┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б: ┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ╪и┘Ж ╪▒╪│╪к┘Е

╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б:

┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘В╪п█М┘Е ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б █Б█Т ╪м┘И 11┘И█М┌║ ╪╡╪п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Д┌й┌╛█М ┌п╪ж█М█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡┘Ж┘Б ┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ╪и┘Ж ╪▒╪│╪к┘Е █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┌й█М┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪з┘Ж╪┤┘И╪▒ ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф █М█Б ┌й╪к╪з╪и ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М┘И┌║╪М ┘Ж╪╡█М╪н╪к┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ╪н█М╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪┤╪к┘Е┘Д █Б█Т█Ф ┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪н┌й╪з█М╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘В╪╡█Т ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д █Б█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒╪М ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌п╪▓╪з╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪║█М╪и ╪п█М┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ╪╡╪п╪з┘В╪к╪М ╪┤╪м╪з╪╣╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М╪з┌║ ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█М┌║╪М ┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к╪М ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к█М ╪з┘В╪п╪з╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪╢┘И╪з╪и╪╖ ┌й╪з ╪╣┌й╪з╪│ █Б█М┌║█Ф

┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ╪и┘Ж ╪▒╪│╪к┘Е ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М:

┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ╪и┘Ж ╪▒╪│╪к┘Е ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪п╪з┘Ж╪┤┘И╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й█М┘Е ╪к┌╛█Т ╪м┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й┘И ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┘И ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ┘Б╪▒┘И╪║ ┌й█Т ┘Д╪ж█Т ┘И┘В┘Б ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╣┘Д╪з┘В█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│ ╪│█Т ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪п┘И╪▒ ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ┌й█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪и ╪│╪з╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Д╪╖┘Ж╪к ┌й█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪з ╪╣╪▒┘И╪м ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪╣╪▓╪▓ ╪о╪з┘Ж╪п╪з┘Ж ╪│█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█Т ╪к┌╛█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪п╪з┘Ж╪┤┘И╪▒┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤┘Е╪з╪▒ █Б┘И╪к█Т ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з╪╣┘Д█М┘░ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ╪п█М┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┌й┘И ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┌й╪ж█М ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б╪з╪к ┘Д┌й┌╛█М┌║█Ф

┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ╪и┘Ж ╪▒╪│╪к┘Е ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣┘Д┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ┌й╪з ╪и┌С╪з ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ┘Б┘Д╪з╪н ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к█М ╪и█Б╪к╪▒█М ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┘╛╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘Е ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ┘И ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┘Е┘Д╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪з┘В╪п╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪м┌╛┘Д┌й ┘Е┘Д╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б:

┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪п┘Д┌Ж╪│┘╛ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█Б┘Е ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б █Б█Т ╪м┘И ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┌й╪к╪з╪и ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ┘Ж╪╡█М╪н╪к┘И┌║╪М ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘В╪╡┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ┘Е╪м┘Е┘И╪╣█Б █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ╪и┘Ж ╪▒╪│╪к┘Е ┌й█М ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ┘И ╪п╪з┘Ж╪з╪ж█М ┌й█М ┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п ╪н┌й╪з█М╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█М┌║╪М ╪м█М╪│█Т ┌й█Б ╪╡╪п╪з┘В╪к╪М ╪┤╪м╪з╪╣╪к╪М ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б╪М ╪п┘И╪│╪к█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪┤┘Е┘Ж█М╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘И╪│╪▒█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к█Ф

┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й╪з ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪и┌С╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪╡┘Б╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪и┘Ж╪з┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ ┌й┘И ┘Ж┘Е┘И┘Ж█Б ╪и┘Ж╪з ┌й╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌п╪▓╪з╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪║█М╪и ╪п█М █Б█Т█Ф ┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┌й█Т █Б╪▒ ╪и╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█М ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪│╪и┘В ┌Ж┌╛┘╛╪з █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪▒╪п ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪и┘Ж╪з┘Ж╪з █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪│┘Е╪з╪м ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪▒┘И╪з█М╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪к╪▒┘И█М╪м ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф

┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М╪з┌║:

┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М╪з┌║ ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д █Б█М┌║╪М ╪м┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪│╪и┘В ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪▒┘И█М┘И┌║╪М ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┘И┌Ж ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪и╪╡█М╪▒╪к ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪▓┘Е╪▒█Б ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪н┘Д ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ┌й█М ╪и╪з╪к█М┌║ ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█М┌║█Ф

1. ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ╪в█Б┘И╪М ┘Е┘И╪┤ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘В╪з╪и:

┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ╪в█Б┘И╪М ┘Е┘И╪┤ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘В╪з╪и █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к█М┘Ж ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪м╪з┘Ж┘И╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ █Б█М┌║ ╪м┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й╪з ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪в█Б┘И (█Б╪▒┘Ж)╪М ┘Е┘И╪┤ (┌Ж┘И█Б╪з) ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘В╪з╪и (╪и╪з╪▓) ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪и┘Ж█М ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ █Б╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪к╪з╪ж╪м ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘Ж┌й┘Д╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪в█Б┘И ┌й█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪п┘И╪│╪▒┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Е┘Ж ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤ ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘Е┘И╪┤ ┌й█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘И█Б █Б╪▒ ╪н╪з┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Б╪з╪ж╪п█Т ┌й█М ╪│┘И┌Ж╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘В╪з╪и ┌й█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪╖╪з┘В╪к┘И╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪║╪╡█Т ┌й╪з ┘Е╪з┘Д┌й █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж ╪м╪з┘Ж┘И╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪╖╪▒╪▓ ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┌й┘И ╪п┌й┌╛╪з█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪к╪з╪ж╪м ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И █М█Б ╪│┌й┌╛╪з┘Ж╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪з┘Е┘Ж╪М ╪╡╪п╪з┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й█М ┘╛█М╪▒┘И█М ┌й╪▒┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т╪М ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б ╪╖╪з┘В╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪п╪║╪▒╪╢█М ╪в╪о╪▒┌й╪з╪▒ ┘Ж┘В╪╡╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪│╪и╪и ╪и┘Ж╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

2. ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ╪┤┌й╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪о╪к:

╪з█М┌й ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ╪м┘И ┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪┤┌й╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪о╪к ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪┤┌й╪з╪▒█М ╪п╪▒╪о╪к ┌й█Т ┘Ж█М┌Ж█Т ┌Ж┌╛┘╛ ┌й╪▒ ╪┤┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪п╪▒╪о╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ┘Е╪п╪п ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ╪и╪м╪з╪ж█Т ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪о┘Д╪з┘Б █Б┘И╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪п╪▒╪о╪к ╪┤┌й╪з╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Б╪╣┘Д ┌й█М ╪│╪▓╪з ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й┘И ┘Е╪┤┌й┘Д ╪и┘Ж╪з ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪з╪│ ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┌й╪з ┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б ╪│┘И┌Ж ┌й╪▒ ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┌п╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪п┘И╪│╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┘Ж┘В╪╡╪з┘Ж ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з╪ж█Т ┌п╪з ╪к┘И ╪з╪│█Т ╪о┘И╪п ╪и┌╛█М ┘Ж┘В╪╡╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╣┌╛╪з┘Ж╪з ┘╛┌С█Т ┌п╪з█Ф █М█Б ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б╪М ╪и╪п┘Д█Т ┌й█М ┘В┘И╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘В╪п╪▒╪к█М ╪к┘И╪з╪▓┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

3. ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ┘И╪▓█М╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒█М╪з:

┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘И╪▓█М╪▒ ┌й█М ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к█М ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б╪▒█М╪и ╪п█М┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ╪п╪▒█М╪з ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ╪м╪з ┌й╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪╣╪м╪▓█Б ╪п┌й┌╛╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪п╪▒█М╪з ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ┌Ж╪з┘Д╪з┌й█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪▒█М╪и ┌й┘И ╪и█Т ┘Ж┘В╪з╪и ┌й╪▒ ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘И╪▓█М╪▒ ┌й┘И █М█Б ╪│╪и┘В ┘Е┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪п┌╛┘И┌й█Б ╪п█М┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪и╪▒╪з █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м┘И ╪│┌Ж╪з╪ж█М ╪│█Т ┘Е┘Ж╪н╪▒┘Б █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з┘Ж╪м╪з┘Е █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪и╪▒╪з █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

4. ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ╪╣┘В┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┘Д┌С╪з╪ж█М:

┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣┘В┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Д ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█М ┘Д┌С╪з╪ж█М ┌й█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█М┌й ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣┘В┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Д ╪п┘И┘Ж┘И┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪о█М╪з┘Д╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪╡╪н█М╪н ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪п┘И╪│╪▒█Т ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘Д┌С╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪в╪о╪▒┌й╪з╪▒╪М ╪╣┘В┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Д ╪п┘И┘Ж┘И┌║ █М█Б ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪п┘И┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪з┘╛┘Ж╪з ╪з┘╛┘Ж╪з ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж ╪п┘И┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к █Б█Т█Ф

╪з╪│ ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪╣┘В┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Д ╪п┘И┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪│┘Ж┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ╪п┘И┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ╪к┘И╪з╪▓┘Ж ┘╛█М╪п╪з ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪к╪з┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪и┘Ж╪з ╪│┌й█Т█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б:

┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪з╪п╪и█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б █Б█Т ╪м┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘В╪п█М┘Е ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪з ╪н╪╡█Б █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п█М ┌п╪ж█М ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ┌й█М ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М╪з┌║ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪╣┘Е┘Д╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ╪и┘Ж ╪▒╪│╪к┘Е ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪│╪и┘В ╪п█М█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М █Б┘Е╪з╪▒█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘В█М┘Е╪к█М ╪з╪л╪з╪л█Б █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М┘И┌║ ┌й█М ┘Е╪п╪п ╪│█Т █Б┘Е ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ┌й╪з ╪н┘Д ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й╪▒ ╪│┌й╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪и┘Ж┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒ ╪│┌й╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

┘Е╪▒╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п╪и ┌й╪з ╪о╪▓╪з┘Ж█Б █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п█М ┌п╪ж█М ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ┌й█М ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М╪з┌║ ╪в╪м ┌й█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪к┘Ж█М █Б█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█М █Б█М┌║ ╪м╪к┘Ж█М ┌й█Б ┘В╪п█М┘Е ╪▓┘Е╪з┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к┌╛█М┌║█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪и╪▒┘В╪▒╪з╪▒ █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б █Б┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪и┘Ж╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘В█М┘Е╪к█М ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

Marzbannameh: Marzban bin Rustam

Introduction: Marzbannameh is an important work of ancient Persian literature, written in the 11th century. The author of this book is Marzban bin Rustam, an Iranian sage and philosopher. This book is particularly composed of moral stories, advice, and philosophical teachings on the nature of life. Marzbannameh includes various anecdotes and tales that shed light on the realities of life, human character, social values, and ethical dilemmas. The purpose of these stories is to encourage people to live a better life. The book places particular emphasis on themes such as humanity, truth, courage, and wisdom. The stories included in Marzbannameh reflect the cultural, social, and moral values of ancient Iranian society.

The Life of Marzban bin Rustam: Marzban bin Rustam was a great philosopher and sage who dedicated his life to the promotion of knowledge and wisdom. He was from the region of Fars in Iran. Marzban’s era reflects an important period in Iranian history when the influence of the Sassanian Empire and Iranian culture was at its peak. He belonged to a distinguished family and was considered one of the most renowned intellectuals of his time. His lifeтАЩs purpose was to teach high moral and philosophical principles to people, and to achieve this goal, he wrote several works.

Knowledge and wisdom played a significant role in Marzban bin Rustam’s life. His teachings focused on the welfare of humanity and the improvement of society. He understood the social issues of his time and addressed them through his wisdom and knowledge. In his writings, we find not only moral and philosophical themes but also glimpses of the social and cultural values of Iranian society at the time.

Introduction to Marzbannameh: Marzbannameh is an interesting and important work that holds a prominent place in the history of Persian literature. The book is a collection of moral teachings, stories, and fables that represent the wisdom and intellect of Marzban bin Rustam. The tales in Marzbannameh highlight various aspects of human life, such as truth, courage, justice, friendship and enmity, love, and other human emotions.

The main aim of the book is to improve human character and moral qualities. Marzban uses different personalities and their actions as examples to inspire people to live better lives. Each chapter of Marzbannameh contains a new story, each with a moral lesson hidden within. These stories aim not only to improve an individualтАЩs character but also to promote ethical traditions within society.

Stories in Marzbannameh: Marzbannameh includes various stories that not only provide moral lessons but also offer deep insights into human behavior, emotions, and thought. These stories highlight the problems of everyday life and provide wisdom on how to solve them.

  1. The Story of the Deer, Mouse, and Eagle: One of the most famous stories in Marzbannameh is the tale of the deer, mouse, and eagle. In this story, three different animals represent different aspects of life. The deer (Ah┼л), the mouse (Mush), and the eagle (Uqab) act according to their nature, and their actions lead to different results.

The deer is characterized by its love for others and desire for peace, the mouse is selfish and always thinks of its own gain, while the eagle is powerful and prone to anger. The story demonstrates the different behaviors of these animals and the consequences of their actions. The moral of the story is that humans should follow principles of love, peace, truth, and wisdom in life, as the use of power and selfishness ultimately leads to harm.

  1. The Story of the Hunter and the Tree: Another famous story in Marzbannameh is about a hunter and a tree. In this tale, a hunter hides beneath a tree while trying to catch his prey, but instead of helping him, the tree turns against the hunter. The tree punishes the hunter for his actions and makes his life difficult.

The lesson of this story is that one must consider the consequences of their actions. If a person harms others, they will eventually face harm themselves. This story emphasizes the importance of justice, the power of revenge, and the balance of nature.

  1. The Story of the Minister and the Sea: Another tale in Marzbannameh is about a minister who tries to deceive others with his government decisions. He goes near the sea, trying to perform a miracle, but the sea exposes his trickery and deceit. The minister learns the lesson that deception always leads to a bad outcome, and anyone who deviates from the truth will ultimately face negative consequences.
  2. The Story of the Battle Between Reason and the Heart: Marzbannameh also includes a story about a conflict between reason and the heart. In this tale, reason and the heart each believe their own ideas are correct and they engage in a battle with each other. Eventually, both realize that each has its own place and importance in life.

The moral of this story is that one should listen to both their reason and their heart, and seek to strike a balance between the two in order to live a better life.

Conclusion: Marzbannameh is an important literary and ethical work that is not only a part of ancient Iranian culture but also contains wisdom that still provides guidance for people today. The stories included in the book shed light on human nature, actions, and moral decisions. Through this work, Marzban bin Rustam imparted valuable life lessons that remain a precious asset to this day. With the help of these stories, we can find solutions to various problems in our lives and strive to become better individuals.

Marzbannameh is not only a treasure of history and literature, but the wisdom contained in its stories holds as much relevance today as it did in ancient times. The importance of this book remains intact, as it continues to provide valuable guidance for improving our lives.

┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б: ╪╣┘Ж╪╡╪▒ ╪з┘Д┘Е╪╣╪з┘Д█М ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│

╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б:

┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘В╪п█М┘Е ┌й╪к╪з╪и █Б█Т ╪м╪│█Т ╪╣┘Ж╪╡╪▒ ╪з┘Д┘Е╪╣╪з┘Д█М ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б ┌й█М╪з█Ф █М█Б ┌й╪к╪з╪и ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┌й┘Е╪к╪М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М╪з╪к╪М ╪│█М╪з╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪н┘И╪з┘Д█Т ╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪м╪з┘Е╪╣ ╪п╪│╪к╪з┘И█М╪▓ █Б█Т█Ф ┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪к╪з╪и ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒╪╣╪з█М╪з ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Ж╪╡█М╪н╪к█М┌║╪М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М ┘Ж╪╡█М╪н╪к┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █Б╪▒ ┘Б╪▒╪п ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌п╪▓╪з╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪▒╪з█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┌й╪к╪з╪и ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ┘И╪▒╪з╪л╪к █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪│┘Е╪к ╪п█М┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ ╪з╪п╪з ┌й█М╪з█Ф

╪╣┘Ж╪╡╪▒ ╪з┘Д┘Е╪╣╪з┘Д█М ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б:

╪╣┘Ж╪╡╪▒ ╪з┘Д┘Е╪╣╪з┘Д█М ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╡┘Ж┘Б ╪к┌╛█Т ╪м┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┘В╪п█М┘Е ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪о╪з┘Ж╪п╪з┘Ж ╪│█Т ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ┌й█М ┘Е╪п╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Б╪к ╪│█М ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М╪М ╪│█М╪з╪│█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘В╪к╪╡╪з╪п█М ╪к╪и╪п█М┘Д█М╪з┌║ ╪в╪ж█М┌║█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪и█Б╪к╪▒█М┘Ж ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤┘Е╪з╪▒ ┌й█М█Т ╪м╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪н╪▒█М╪▒█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ┘И╪▒╪л█Б ╪и┘Ж█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б ┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И ╪п█М ╪м╪з┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█М ┘Ж╪╡█М╪н╪к┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪┤┌й┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Д┌й┌╛█М█Ф

┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┌й█М █М█Б ┌й╪к╪з╪и ╪н┌й┘Е╪к╪М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ┌й█Т ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪и┘Ж█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┌й█М ┘Б┘Д╪з╪н ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и█Б╪и┘И╪п ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б╪М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┘╛╪▒ ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│█М╪з╪│╪к╪М ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж█М╪М ╪о╪з┘Ж╪п╪з┘Ж╪М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д █Б█М┌║█Ф

┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к:

┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┌й█М ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з█М┌й ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ╪в┌п╪з█Б ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з ╪к╪з┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒╪╣╪з█М╪з ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д█Т ┌й╪▒ ╪│┌й█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б┘Д╪з╪н ┘И ╪и█Б╪и┘И╪п ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ┌й╪з┘Е ┌й╪▒█Т█Ф ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п ┘Ж╪╡█М╪н╪к█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М╪з┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █Б╪▒ ┘Б╪▒╪п ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т █Б╪▒ ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█М ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ┌И╪з┘Д█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┌й█М ╪к╪н╪▒█М╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪░┘Е█Б ╪п╪з╪▒█М┘И┌║╪М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║╪М ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б╪М ╪╣┘Д┘Е╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪▒╪п ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┌й█М ╪│╪з╪о╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪и┘И╪з╪и:

┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ 53 ╪з╪и┘И╪з╪и █Б█М┌║ ╪м┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│█Т █Б╪▒ ╪и╪з╪и ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ ┘╛╪▒ ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪│█Т ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪к █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘И╪з┘Д╪п ┌й█М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И ╪п█М ╪м╪з┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█М ┘Ж╪╡█М╪н╪к┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪┤╪к┘Е┘Д █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│█М╪з╪│╪к╪М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В╪М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ┌й█Т ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д █Б█М┌║█Ф █М█Б ┌й╪к╪з╪и ╪з█М┌й ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪и┘Ж╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

1. ┘╛╪п╪▒╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Ж╪╡█М╪н╪к█М┌║:

┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪к █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘И╪з┘Д╪п ┌й█М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪п█М ╪м╪з┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█М ┘Ж╪╡█М╪н╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ┘Е╪м┘Е┘И╪╣█Б █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б╪М ╪╣┘Д┘Е╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ┘В╪п╪▒┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪│┌Ж ╪и┘И┘Д┘Ж█Т╪М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪╣╪п┘Д ┘И ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪║█М╪и ╪п█М█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪и╪к╪з█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘Ж╪▒┘Е ╪▒┘И█М█Б ╪з╪о╪к█М╪з╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ┌й╪з ╪н┘Д ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф

2. ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б:

┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б ┘╛╪▒ ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И ╪и╪к╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪и┌С█М ╪░┘Е█Б ╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╡╪п╪з┘В╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з┘И┘Д█М┘Ж ┘Б╪▒█М╪╢█Б █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪╕┘Д┘Е ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Ж█Б █Б█М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪╖╪з┘В╪к ┌й╪з ╪║┘Д╪╖ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б ┌й╪з ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ┘╛┘И╪▒█Т ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒█Т ┌й█М ┘Б┘Д╪з╪н ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█Б┘Е █Б█Т█Ф

3. ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к:

┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к ╪и┌С█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪п█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И ╪и╪к╪з█М╪з ┌й█Б ╪╣┘Д┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ┌й█Т ╪и╪║█М╪▒ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┘Е┘Е┌й┘Ж ┘Ж█Б█М┌║█Ф ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ┌й█Б╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й╪▒┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б ╪╣┘Д┘Е ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ┌й╪з ╪н┘Д ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ╪к┘Е╪з┘Е ┌Ж█М┘Д┘Ж╪м╪▓ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪з╪и┘Д█Б ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪╖╪з┘В╪к ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪▒╪п ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ┘╛┘И╪▒█Т ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒█Т ┌й█М ┘Б┘Д╪з╪н ┘И ╪и█Б╪и┘И╪п ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪и┌╛█М ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т█Ф

4. ╪╣╪▓╪к ┘Ж┘Б╪│ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к┘И╪з╪╢╪╣:

┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪▓╪к ┘Ж┘Б╪│ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к┘И╪з╪╢╪╣ ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И ╪и╪к╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪╣╪▓╪к ┘Ж┘Б╪│ ┌й┘И ╪и╪▒┘В╪▒╪з╪▒ ╪▒┌й┌╛┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪и┌╛█М ┌Ж┌╛┘И┘╣█Т ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒╪н ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪м█М┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪и╪з┘И╪м┘И╪п╪М ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪к┘И╪з╪╢╪╣ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж┌й╪│╪з╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪и█Б╪к ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й█Б╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к┘И╪з╪╢╪╣ ╪п┌й┌╛╪з┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т╪М ┌Ж╪з█Б█Т ┘И█Б ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж █Б┘И █М╪з ╪╣╪з┘Е ╪┤█Б╪▒█М█Ф

5. ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪▒╪п ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М:

┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪▒╪п ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к ╪и┌С█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪п█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И ╪и╪к╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з┌Ж┌╛╪з ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з ╪▒█Б╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ╪│█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ┘╛┘И╪▒█Т ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒█Т ┌й█М ┘Б┘Д╪з╪н ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪и┌╛█М ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒█М┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪з┘Е█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪к╪з┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪и┘Ж ╪│┌й█Т█Ф

6. ╪┤╪▒╪з┌й╪к ╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╣╪з┘И┘Ж:

┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪▒╪з┌й╪к ╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╣╪з┘И┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪п█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И ╪и╪к╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪п┘И╪│╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘Е┘Д ┌й╪▒ ┌й╪з┘Е ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И█Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┌й╪│ ╪╖╪▒╪н ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪┤█М╪▒┘И┌║╪М ┘И╪▓█М╪▒┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘Е┘Д ┌й╪▒ ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д█Т ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┌й█М┘Д╪з ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И ╪│┌й╪к╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪п┘И╪│╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й█М ┘Е╪п╪п ┌й█М ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒╪к █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

7. ╪о┘И╪п ┘╛╪▒ ┘В╪з╪и┘И ┘╛╪з┘Ж╪з:

┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о┘И╪п ┘╛╪▒ ┘В╪з╪и┘И ┘╛╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И █М█Б ╪│┌й┌╛╪з█М╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ┘В╪з╪и┘И ┘╛╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒╪к █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪╣┘В┘Д ┘И ┘Б█Б┘Е ╪│█Т ┌й╪з┘Е ┘Д█М┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪и┌С█М ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒█М ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к █Б┘И╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪и ╪к┌й ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж ┘╛╪▒ ┘В╪з╪и┘И ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┘╛╪з╪к╪з╪М ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И ╪│┌й╪к╪з█Ф

8. ┘╛█М╪з╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к:

┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪з╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ┌й┘И ╪и╪к╪з█М╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й┘И ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪п█М┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪▒╪п ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪и█Б╪к ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ╪з┌п╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪п┘И╪│╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н╪│┘Ж ╪│┘Д┘И┌й ╪│█Т ┘╛█М╪┤ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪┤█М ╪в╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б:

┘В╪з╪и┘И╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ┌й╪к╪з╪и █Б█Т ╪м┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п█М ┌п╪ж█М ╪н┌й┘Е╪к█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Ж╪╡█М╪н╪к█М┌║ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█М █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к╪М ╪│█М╪з╪│╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪▒╪п ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘╛╪▒ ╪п┌й┌╛╪з╪ж█М ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┌й█М┌й╪з╪д╪│ ┌й█М ╪к╪н╪▒█М╪▒ ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪│┌й┌╛╪з█М╪з ┌й█Б ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║╪М ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б╪М ╪╣┘Д┘Е╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █Б╪▒ ┘Б╪▒╪п ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б █Б█Т ╪м╪│█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т█Ф

Qabusnama: Ansoor al-Ma’ali Kaykawus

Introduction: Qabusnama is an important and ancient work of Persian literature, written by Ansoor al-Ma’ali Kaykawus. This book is a comprehensive document on Iranian wisdom, ethics, politics, and social life. Qabusnama is considered a guidebook containing crucial advice, life principles, and ethical guidance for a ruler towards his subjects. The advice provided in this book is not only for rulers but also offers better guidance for every individual in life. It is a legacy that has played an important role in giving Iranian society and culture a new direction.

Introduction to Ansoor al-Ma’ali Kaykawus: Ansoor al-Ma’ali Kaykawus was an Iranian ruler, philosopher, and writer from an ancient Iranian family. During his reign, there were many social, political, and economic changes. Kaykawus is regarded as one of the best rulers of his time, and his writings have become an important cultural heritage. His most famous work is Qabusnama, which he wrote in the form of advice given to his son.

Kaykawus’ book is based on wisdom, ethical guidance, and the principles of rulership, emphasizing that rulers should act with justice, ethics, and knowledge for the welfare and well-being of their people. In this book, Kaykawus highlights various aspects of life, including politics, governance, family, education, and social relationships.

The Purpose and Importance of Qabusnama: The purpose of composing Qabusnama was to make a ruler aware of the important principles of life so that he could make better decisions for his subjects and work for their well-being. The advice and guidance in the book are not only for rulers but for every individual because it delves into every aspect of life. Kaykawus’ writing stresses the importance of a ruler’s responsibilities, ethical principles, justice, knowledge, and the personal development of an individual.

Structure and Chapters of Qabusnama: Qabusnama consists of 53 chapters, each of which sheds detailed light on a specific topic. The most important feature of the book is that it is a collection of advice from a father to his son. Kaykawus provides guidance to his son on various aspects of life, including politics, ethics, education, and principles of governance. This book attempts to improve a ruler’s personal life, moral principles, and relationship with the people.

  1. Paternal Advice: The most important feature of Qabusnama is that it is a collection of advice given by a father to his son. Kaykawus provides his son with guidance on various aspects of life, emphasizing the importance of justice, knowledge, and human values. Kaykawus encourages his son to always speak the truth, follow moral principles, and treat the people with justice and fairness. The book also emphasizes that rulers should adopt a gentle attitude toward their people and strive to find solutions to their problems.
  2. Governance and Justice: Qabusnama places particular emphasis on governance and justice. Kaykawus tells his son that the primary responsibility of a ruler is to treat the people with justice. Upholding justice and integrity is the foremost duty of a ruler. According to Kaykawus, a ruler should never be unjust to his people, nor should he misuse his power. The aspect of justice in governance is crucial not only for the personal success of the ruler but also for the welfare of the entire society.
  3. The Importance of Education: Qabusnama attaches great importance to education. Kaykawus tells his son that success in life is not possible without knowledge and education. The book emphasizes that a person should always seek knowledge because it provides solutions to various problems and empowers them to face all challenges in the world. Education is not only necessary for an individual’s personal development but also for the welfare of society as a whole.
  4. Self-Respect and Humility: Qabusnama also emphasizes the importance of self-respect and humility. Kaykawus advises his son that a person should always maintain their self-respect and should never live in a way that is beneath their dignity. At the same time, he stresses the importance of humility and says that a person should always show humility in their actions, whether they are a ruler or a common citizen.
  5. Ethical Principles and Personal Development: The book places significant importance on ethical principles and the personal development of an individual. Kaykawus tells his son that a good person always follows ethical principles and continuously strives for personal growth. Adhering to ethical principles not only improves a personтАЩs personal life but is also essential for the welfare of society. A person should always try to overcome their weaknesses and flaws to become a better human being.
  6. Partnership and Cooperation: Qabusnama also stresses the importance of partnership and cooperation. Kaykawus tells his son that to succeed in life, a person must work together with others. He emphasizes that rulers should make decisions in collaboration with their advisors, ministers, and people. According to this principle, a person can never succeed alone and always needs the help of others.
  7. Self-Control: The importance of self-control is also emphasized in Qabusnama. Kaykawus teaches his son that a person needs to control their desires and always use their intellect and reason. The greatest weakness of a person is their desires and emotions, and unless they gain control over these, they will not be successful in life.
  8. Love and Affection: The importance of love and affection is highlighted in the book. Kaykawus tells his son that a person should give importance to love in their life. Love is not only important in an individualтАЩs personal life but also in society. According to him, if a person treats others with love and kindness, peace and happiness will prevail in their life.

Conclusion: Qabusnama is a book that holds an important place not only in Iran but in world literature. The wisdom and advice provided in this book are still relevant today and its impact is seen in society, politics, and an individual’s life. Kaykawus’ writings have taught us that for success in life, ethical principles, justice, knowledge, and love are essential. This book is not only a guide for rulers but for every individual, and it is necessary to implement its teachings in one’s life.

┌Ж╪з╪▒┘Е┘В╪з┘Д█Б – ┘Ж╪╕╪з┘Е█М ╪╣╪▒┘И╪╢█М ╪│┘Е╪▒┘В┘Ж╪п█М

╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б

┌Ж╪з╪▒┘Е┘В╪з┘Д█Б╪М ╪м╪│█Т ┘Ж╪╕╪з┘Е█М ╪╣╪▒┘И╪╢█М ╪│┘Е╪▒┘В┘Ж╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪к╪н╪▒█М╪▒ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘В╪п█М┘Е ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪п╪и╪М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б╪М ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪│█Т ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪з┘В╪│╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д╪з╪к╪М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В█М ┘В┘И╪к┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪к╪┤╪▒█М╪н ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф

┘Ж╪╕╪з┘Е█М ╪╣╪▒┘И╪╢█М ╪│┘Е╪▒┘В┘Ж╪п█М ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪│┘Е╪▒┘В┘Ж╪п ╪│█Т ╪к┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪з┘Е┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п█М╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б ┌Ж╪з╪▒┘Е┘В╪з┘Д█Б ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ┌й█М ╪з╪п╪и█М ╪з█М┘Ж╪│╪з╪ж█М┌й┘Д┘И ┘╛█М┌И█М╪з ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪м█Б╪к┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪м╪з┘Е╪╣ ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪│ ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ┌й╪з╪▒┘Ж╪з┘Е█Т ┘Ж█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒╪о ┘Е╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б ┌й╪▒╪з█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д█М╪з╪к ┌й█Т ╪н┘И╪з┘Д█Т ╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

┌Ж╪з╪▒┘Е┘В╪з┘Д█Б ┌й╪з ┘╛╪│ ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒

┌Ж╪з╪▒┘Е┘В╪з┘Д█Б ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Ж╪╕╪з┘Е█М ╪╣╪▒┘И╪╢█М ╪│┘Е╪▒┘В┘Ж╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪з┘П╪│╪к╪з╪п╪з┘Ж█Б ╪╖╪▒█М┘В█Т ╪│█Т ┘Д┌й┌╛╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█Т ╪з┘Б╪▒╪з╪п ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪│█Т ╪в┌п╪з█Б ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪ж█Т█Ф █М█Б ┌й╪к╪з╪и ╪з┘П╪▒╪п┘И ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М╪М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪з┘В┘И╪з┘Д╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪з╪п╪и█М ┘Б╪з╪▒┘Е┘╣╪│ ┌й█М ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ┘И╪з╪╢╪н ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪д╪л╪▒ ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б ╪и┘Ж ┌Ж┌й█М █Б█Т█Ф

┌Ж╪з╪▒┘Е┘В╪з┘Д█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪м┘Е┘И╪╣█М ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┌Ж╪з╪▒ ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪и╪н╪л ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т ╪м┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│█Т █Б╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪к █М╪з ╪м█Б╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┌Ж╪з╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ╪и┘Ж█М╪з╪п █Б█М┌║ ╪м┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ┘Ж╪╕╪з┘Е█М ╪╣╪▒┘И╪╢█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ┘И ╪к╪п╪▒█М╪│ ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪│┘Д█М╪│ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Е╪╣ ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│█Т ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪╖┘Д╪и╪з╪б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п█М╪и ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

┌Ж╪з╪▒┘Е┘В╪з┘Д█Б ┌й█Т ┌Ж╪з╪▒ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Д█Т

┌Ж╪з╪▒┘Е┘В╪з┘Д█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ┌Ж╪з╪▒ ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪│█Т ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т ╪м┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌Ж╪з╪▒ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Д█Т ┌й█Б╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к █Б█М┌║:

  1. ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ╪з╪│┌й╪з┘Ж█М
  2. ┌Ж┌п┘И┘Ж┌п█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┘И ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ╪з┘И
  3. ╪и╪░┘Д█Б ┌п┘И╪ж█М ┘И ╪╖┘Ж╪▓
  4. ╪з╪╡┘Ж╪з┘Б ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М

1. ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ╪з╪│┌й╪з┘Ж█М (╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪з╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к)

┘Ж╪╕╪з┘Е█М ╪╣╪▒┘И╪╢█М ┘Ж█Т ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к ╪з╪│┌й╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н┌й╪з█М╪к┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪│╪з╪п┌п█М╪М ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┘╛┘И╪┤█М╪п█Б ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е╪з╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Д█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪н┌й╪з█М╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┌й╪│ ╪╖╪▒╪н ╪з╪│ ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪к╪з╪л█М╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪л╪▒ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪н┌й╪з█М╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘И╪л╪▒ ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з█Б┘Е ╪│╪и┘В ╪п█М█Т ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪к╪о█М┘Д ┌й┘И ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪п█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪н┌й╪з█М╪з╪к ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪│┌Ж╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪и█Б╪к╪▒█М┘Ж ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б █Б█М┌║█Ф

2. ┌Ж┌п┘И┘Ж┌п█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┘И ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ╪з┘И (╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е)

╪з╪│ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Д█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪╕╪з┘Е█М ╪╣╪▒┘И╪╢█М ┘Ж█Т ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪о█М╪з┘Д╪з╪к╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В█М ┘В┘И╪к┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ┌й█М ╪к╪╣╪▒█М┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪з┘В╪│╪з┘Е ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░█Б┘Ж█М ╪з╪▒╪к┘В╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Б┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╣╪▒█М┘Б ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ┘Ж╪╕╪з┘Е█М ┘Ж█Т ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█Т ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┌й█М ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪╢ ┘Д┘Б╪╕┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪к┘И╪з╪▓┘Ж ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪│┘И┌Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ╪и┌╛█М ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█М █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪╖╪з┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й█Б╪з ┌й█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й╪з ┌й╪з┘Е ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Д┌й┌╛┘Ж╪з ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪з╪к ┌й┘И ┘Д┘Б╪╕┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

3. ╪и╪░┘Д█Б ┌п┘И╪ж█М ┘И ╪╖┘Ж╪▓ (╪╕╪▒╪з┘Б╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к┘Ж┘В█М╪п)

╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪╕╪з┘Е█М ╪╣╪▒┘И╪╢█М ┘Ж█Т ╪и╪░┘Д█Б ┌п┘И╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╖┘Ж╪▓ ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т █М█Б ┘И╪╢╪з╪н╪к ┌й█М ┌й█Б ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╕╪▒╪з┘Б╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╖┘Ж╪▓ ┌й╪з ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М╪│█Т ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┌й╪│ ╪╖╪▒╪н ╪│┌й┌╛╪з█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪╖┘Ж╪▓ ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪з╪п╪и█М ╪в┘Д█Б ┘В╪▒╪з╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й█Б╪з ┌й█Б ╪╖┘Ж╪▓ ┌й╪│█М ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к█М╪М ╪│█М╪з╪│█М █М╪з ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ┘Ж┘В╪╡ ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪и█Б╪к╪▒█М┘Ж ╪╖╪▒█М┘В█Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪и╪░┘Д█Б ┌п┘И╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╖┘Ж╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪н╪│┘Ж┘Р ╪░┘И┘В ┌й█М ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒╪к █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т ╪к╪з┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪л╪и╪к ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪п█Т ╪│┌й█Т█Ф ┘Ж╪╕╪з┘Е█М ┘Ж█Т ╪╖┘Ж╪▓ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к█М ╪з╪╡┘Д╪з╪н╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й█Б╪з ┌й█Б ╪╖┘Ж╪▓ ┌й┘И ┘Е╪л╪и╪к ╪│┘Е╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т█Ф

4. ╪з╪╡┘Ж╪з┘Б ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М (╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪з┘В╪│╪з┘Е)

╪з╪│ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Д█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪╕╪з┘Е█М ╪╣╪▒┘И╪╢█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪з┘В╪│╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┘╛╪▒ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪з╪╡┘Ж╪з┘Б ╪м█М╪│█Т ╪║╪▓┘Д╪М ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Б╪М ┘Е╪л┘Ж┘И█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘В╪╖╪╣╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪│█Т ╪и╪н╪л ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ┘Ж╪╕╪з┘Е█М ┘Ж█Т ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М █Б╪▒ ╪╡┘Ж┘Б ┌й█Т ┘Б┘И╪з╪ж╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█Т ╪╖╪▒█М┘В┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М █Б╪▒ ╪╡┘Ж┘Б ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д█М╪з╪к█М ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪з╪к╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В█М ╪╣┘Е┘Д╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д█М █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪и╪з╪и ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪н┘И╪з┘Д█Т ╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪м╪з┘Е╪╣ ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п█М╪и┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪и█Б╪к╪▒█М┘Ж ╪╡┘Ж┘Б ┌й╪з ╪з┘Ж╪к╪о╪з╪и ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪п╪п ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

┌Ж╪з╪▒┘Е┘В╪з┘Д█Б ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к

┘Ж╪╕╪з┘Е█М ╪╣╪▒┘И╪╢█М ╪│┘Е╪▒┘В┘Ж╪п█М ┌й╪з ┌Ж╪з╪▒┘Е┘В╪з┘Д█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│╪з ╪з╪п╪и█М ┌й╪з╪▒┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┌й┘И ┘Ж╪ж█Т ╪з┘Б┘В ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з█М╪з█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Ж╪з┘Б╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В█М ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е┘Б╪╡┘Д ╪и╪н╪л ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т ╪м╪│█Т ╪з╪п╪и█М ╪н┘Д┘В┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Т ╪н╪п ┘╛╪░█М╪▒╪з╪ж█М ┘Е┘Д█М█Ф ┌Ж╪з╪▒┘Е┘В╪з┘Д█Б ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪з╪п╪и ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪▒█Б╪з █Б█Т█Ф

┌Ж╪з╪▒┘Е┘В╪з┘Д█Б ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪п╪▒╪│█М ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й█М ╪н█М╪л█М╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д █Б┘И╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б ┌й╪к╪з╪и █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪╖╪з┘Д╪и ╪╣┘Д┘Е┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п█М╪и┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б ╪и┘Ж█М ╪▒█Б█М█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪╕╪з┘Е█М ┘Ж█Т ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й█М █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ╪│█Т ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪п█М╪и ┘Б╪з╪ж╪п█Б ╪з┘╣┌╛╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

┌Ж╪з╪▒┘Е┘В╪з┘Д█Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪з╪л╪з╪л█Б █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪к┘Е╪з┘Е ╪з█Б┘Е ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ┘Ж╪╕╪з┘Е█М ╪╣╪▒┘И╪╢█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п╪и█М ┘И╪▒╪л█Б ╪и┘Ж╪з ╪п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪╖┘Д╪и╪з╪б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п█М╪и┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й█М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪з╪п╪и ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┌Ж┌╛┘И┌С╪з█Ф ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┌Ж╪з╪▒┘Е┘В╪з┘Д█Б ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█Т ╪з┘Б╪▒╪з╪п ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘В█М┘Е╪к█М ╪п╪│╪к╪з┘И█М╪▓ █Б█Т█Ф

Chahar Maqalah (The Four Discourses) – Nizami Aruzi Samarkandi

Introduction: Chahar Maqalah, written by Nizami Aruzi Samarkandi, is an important and ancient work of Persian literature. This book sheds detailed light on various aspects of literature, poetry, philosophy, history, and wisdom. It holds a significant place not only in Persian literature but also in world literature. It includes details about different forms of poetry and literature, the characteristics of poets, and an explanation of their creative powers.

Nizami Aruzi Samarkandi hailed from Samarkand and was a renowned scholar and poet. His work Chahar Maqalah is considered a type of literary encyclopedia, which comprehensively discusses various aspects of literature. This monumental work introduced a new direction in Persian literature and is regarded as a guide to the importance and aesthetics of literature.

Background of Chahar Maqalah: Chahar Maqalah was written by Nizami Aruzi Samarkandi in a pedagogical style, with the aim of making those learning literature and poetry aware of its depth and beauty. The book provides detailed insights into poetry, the sayings of poets, and different literary formats, and has become an effective tool for clarifying the importance of literature.

The book discusses four different topics, each of which highlights an essential feature or dimension of literature. These four topics form the foundation of literature, and Nizami Aruzi presents them in a comprehensive and lucid manner. Chahar Maqalah is still used by students and scholars of literature as a guiding resource.

The Four Discourses of Chahar Maqalah: In Chahar Maqalah, Nizami Aruzi discusses four main topics in detail, which are known as the “Four Discourses.” These topics are:

  1. Hikayat Askani (Simplicity and Effects of Narratives)
  2. Chuguni Shair o She’r-o (The Poet’s Character and His Poetry)
  3. Bazlah Goyi o Tanz (Wit and Satire)
  4. Asnaaf-e-Shair o Sha’iri (Types of Poetry and Poetic Forms)
  5. Hikayat Askani (Simplicity and Effects of Narratives): In this discourse, Nizami Aruzi discusses the simplicity of tales, the moral and philosophical messages hidden within them, and their effects. He elaborates on how stories and narratives present the realities of human life in a way that carries a unique influence. Nizami recognizes narratives as an effective tool for imparting important lessons. He emphasizes that narratives not only value imagination but are also one of the best ways to reveal the truths of life.
  6. Chuguni Shair o She’r-o (The Poet’s Character and His Poetry): This discourse discusses the poetтАЩs personality, thoughts, creative abilities, and the nature of his poetry. Nizami provides a definition of poetry and describes its different forms. He delves into the poet’s spirituality, mental evolution, and his art. He also describes the process of creating poetry and emphasizes that a poetтАЩs work is not just about balancing words; it reflects his deep thoughts and emotional state. Nizami acknowledges the power of poetry, saying that a poet’s role is not merely to write verses, but to express the deep emotional states within humans through words.
  7. Bazlah Goyi o Tanz (Wit and Satire): In this chapter, Nizami Aruzi highlights the importance of wit and satire. He explains how wit and satire are used in poetry and how they can teach valuable lessons to people. He considers satire as an important literary tool, one that can effectively expose societal, political, or moral flaws. Wit and satire require finesse and a sense of personal taste to convey a positive message. Nizami stresses the importance of using satire for social reforms and suggests that it should always be directed toward positive purposes.
  8. Asnaaf-e-Shair o Sha’iri (Types of Poetry and Poetic Forms): In this discourse, Nizami Aruzi discusses the different types of poetry and their uses. He provides a detailed examination of various forms of poetry such as ghazal, qasida, masnavi, and qita. Nizami elaborates on the advantages of each form and the methods for their usage. He explores the aesthetic qualities, creative processes, and effects of each poetic form. This chapter serves as a comprehensive guide to poetry and helps poets choose the best poetic form for their work.

Importance and Impact of Chahar Maqalah: Nizami Aruzi Samarkandi’s Chahar Maqalah is a literary achievement that has brought the knowledge of poetry and literature to new heights. The book provides an in-depth discussion on the history of poetry, its forms, and the creative process, and has received significant acclaim in literary circles. Chahar Maqalah has had a lasting influence not only on Persian literature but also on literature in other languages.

The book has become a textbook and has always been a guiding resource for literature students and scholars. Nizami has provided important principles and guidance on the creation of poetry, which continues to be beneficial to writers today.

Conclusion: Chahar Maqalah is a monumental asset to Persian literature, shedding light on all important aspects of literature and poetry. Through this book, Nizami Aruzi has highlighted the importance and impact of poetry, transforming it into a scholarly and literary legacy. This book has provided guidance not only to Persian literature students and writers but also left a profound impact on literature in other languages. Even today, Chahar Maqalah remains a valuable document for individuals seeking to learn about literature and poetry.

╪┤█М╪о ╪│╪╣╪п█М ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б “┌п┘Д╪│╪к╪з┘Ж

╪┤█М╪о ╪│╪╣╪п█М ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М╪М ╪м┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й╪з ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й█М┘Е ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М 13┘И█М┌║ ╪╡╪п█М ┌й█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п█М╪и╪М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪з┘Ж╪┤┘И╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘╛┘И╪▒╪з ┘Ж╪з┘Е “╪┤█М╪о ╪з╪и┘И ┘Е╪н┘Е╪п ┘Е╪┤╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ╪│╪╣╪п█М” ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Б┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М╪М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ┌й█М ┘И╪м█Б ╪│█Т ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪│╪╖╪н ┘╛╪▒ ╪┤█Б╪▒╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д █Б┘И╪ж█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б “┌п┘Д╪│╪к╪з┘Ж” (The Rose Garden) ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪┤╪з█Б┌й╪з╪▒ █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪▒█Б╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪┤█М╪о ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М

╪┤█М╪о ╪│╪╣╪п█М ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪з ┘╛█М╪п╪з╪ж╪┤ ╪к┘В╪▒█М╪и╪з┘Л 1210 ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и █Б┘И╪ж█М ╪к┌╛█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓╪М ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪▒█Б╪з╪ж╪┤█М ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪и╪к╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И╪ж█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и╪╣╪п ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И█Б ╪и╪║╪п╪з╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М ┘Е╪▒╪з┌й╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌п╪ж█Т█Ф ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪и█Б╪к ╪│█Т ╪н╪╡█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘Е┘Е╪з┘Д┌й ┘Е█М┌║ ┌п╪▓╪з╪▒█Т╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪к┘Е╪п┘Ж┘И┌║╪М ┘Е╪░╪з█Б╪и╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М ┘Ж╪╕╪з┘Е┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┘В╪▒█М╪и ╪│█Т ╪п█М┌й┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪н╪╡█Б █М┘И╪▒╪┤┘И┌║╪М ╪м┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│█М╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪п┘И╪▒╪з┘Ж ╪и┌╛█М ┌п╪▓╪▒╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М █М█Б ╪к╪м╪▒╪и╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪┤╪з█Б╪п╪з╪к ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪н╪▒█М╪▒┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

┌п┘Д╪│╪к╪з┘Ж” ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В

“┌п┘Д╪│╪к╪з┘Ж” ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В 1258 ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И╪ж█М╪М ╪м╪и ╪│╪╣╪п█М ╪з█М┌й ╪к╪м╪▒╪и█Б ┌й╪з╪▒ ╪п╪з┘Ж╪┤┘И╪▒ ╪и┘Ж ┌Ж┌й█Т ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф █М█Б ┌й╪к╪з╪и ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪л╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е╪м┘Е┘И╪╣█Б █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║╪М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ┘Ж╪╡█М╪н╪к┘И┌║╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┌Ж█М ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪з╪│ ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ╪н╪│┘Ж ╪│┘Д┘И┌й╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з█Ф “┌п┘Д╪│╪к╪з┘Ж” ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪│╪и┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪и┘Ж█М╪з╪п█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п ╪н┌й╪з█М╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М╪з┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ╪и┌╛█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф

┌п┘Д╪│╪к╪з┘Ж” ┌й╪з ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣

“┌п┘Д╪│╪к╪з┘Ж” ┌й█Т ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┌Ж┌╛█Т ╪з╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒┘И┘Ж█М ╪╡┘Б╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪м┘Е┘И╪╣█М ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ 8 ╪и╪з╪и █Б█М┌║╪М ╪м┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к╪М ╪│┌Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ┌п┘Б╪к┌п┘И ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф █Б╪▒ ╪и╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Б┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й┘И ┘Е╪о╪к╪╡╪▒╪М ╪│╪з╪п█Б╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪н┌й╪з█М╪з╪к ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┘Д┘И┌п ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪▒┘И╪▓┘Е╪▒█Б ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

  1. ╪и╪з╪и ╪з┘И┘Д – ╪в╪п╪з╪и ╪╡╪н╪и╪к: ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤█М╪о ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪з┌Ж┌╛█Т ╪│┘Д┘И┌й╪М ┘Е╪н┘Ж╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█М┘Е╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ╪з┌Ж┌╛█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й┘И ┘В╪з╪ж┘Е ╪▒┌й┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф
  2. ╪и╪з╪и ╪п┘И┘Е – ╪н┌й┘Е╪к: ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж ╪н┌й█М┘Е┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и╪▓╪▒┌п╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪м┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪к╪м╪▒╪и╪з╪к ╪│█Т ╪│█М┌й┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘И╪│╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪│┌й┌╛╪з█М╪з█Ф
  3. ╪и╪з╪и ╪│┘И┘Е – ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М╪з╪к: █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┌Ж┌╛█Т ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┌й█Б╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪│╪▒┘Е╪з╪ж█Т ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з┌Ж┌╛█Т ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В █Б█М┌║█Ф
  4. ╪и╪з╪и ┌Ж█Б╪з╪▒┘Е – ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б: ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б ┌й█Т ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ╪╣╪п┘Д ┘И ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б ┌й┘И ┘В╪з╪ж┘Е ╪▒┌й┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪и╪к╪з╪ж█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф
  5. ╪и╪з╪и ┘╛┘Ж╪м┘Е – ┘Е╪н╪и╪к: ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘╛╪з┌й█М╪▓█Б ╪м╪░╪и█Б █Б█Т█Ф
  6. ╪и╪з╪и ╪┤╪┤┘Е – ┘Е╪│┌й╪▒╪з█Б┘╣: ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪│┌й╪▒╪з█Б┘╣ ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и╪к╪з█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┌й█Б╪з ┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪│┌й╪▒╪з█Б┘╣ ╪│█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌С┌╛╪з█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф
  7. ╪и╪з╪и █Б┘Б╪к┘Е – ╪и╪▒█Т ┌й╪з┘Е┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ╪и┌Ж┘Ж╪з: ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж ╪и╪▒█Т ╪з╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ╪│█Т ╪и┌Ж┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪и╪к╪з╪ж█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ┌п╪▒╪з┘И┘╣ ┌й╪з ╪и╪з╪╣╪л ╪и┘Ж╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф
  8. ╪и╪з╪и █Б╪┤╪к┘Е – ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒: ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘В╪│┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М █Б█Т█Ф

┌п┘Д╪│╪к╪з┘Ж” ┌й█М ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪з╪к

“┌п┘Д╪│╪к╪з┘Ж” ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪и┌С█М ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪│╪з╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▓█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪│┘Д█М╪│ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪п┘Д┘Ж╪┤█М┘Ж ╪и┘Ж╪з█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪н╪▒█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪│╪з╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪┤╪з█Б┌й╪з╪▒ ╪и┘Ж╪з ╪п█М╪з╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│█Т ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪п┘Д╪з█М╪з█Ф ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┌й█Т ╪м┘Е┘Д█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█Т ┘Е╪н╪з┘И╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪┤┌й┘Д ╪з╪о╪к█М╪з╪▒ ┌й╪▒ ┌п╪ж█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Ж╪╡█М╪н╪к█М┌║ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф

  1. ╪з╪о╪к╪╡╪з╪▒: ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┌й█М ╪к╪н╪▒█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪и┌С█М ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪з╪о╪к╪╡╪з╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪│╪з╪п█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪о╪к╪╡╪▒ ╪м┘Е┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪и╪з╪к█М┌║ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М █Б█М┌║█Ф
  2. ╪н┌й╪з█М╪з╪к: ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й╪з█М╪з╪к ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪│╪и┘В ╪п█М╪з█Ф █М█Б ╪н┌й╪з█М╪з╪к ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪к╪п╪и╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪и┘Ж█М █Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф
  3. ┘Е╪▓╪з╪н ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╖┘Ж╪▓: ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪к╪н╪▒█М╪▒┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪▓╪з╪н ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╖┘Ж╪▓ ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М╪з╪М ╪м╪│ ╪│█Т ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪п┘Д┌Ж╪│┘╛ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Д ┘Д┌п╪з┘Ж ┘И╪з┘Д╪з ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ╪п█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к█М ╪и╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и█Т ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б█М┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ┌й┌╛┘Д ┌й╪▒ ┘Е╪░╪з┘В ╪з┌С╪з█М╪з█Ф

┌п┘Д╪│╪к╪з┘Ж” ┌й█М ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к

“┌п┘Д╪│╪к╪з┘Ж” ┌й┘И ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│╪з╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ┘И╪м█Б ╪│█Т ╪и█Т ┘╛┘Ж╪з█Б ┘╛╪░█М╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д █Б┘И╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й╪з ╪к╪▒╪м┘Е█Б ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й█М ╪н┌й╪з█М╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪│╪и┘В ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪и┘Ж╪з┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪п╪п┌п╪з╪▒ ╪л╪з╪и╪к █Б┘И ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪┤█М╪о ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┌й█М ╪н┌й╪з█М╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪│╪и┘В:

  1. ┘Е╪н╪и╪к: ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪к╪н╪▒█М╪▒┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪и┌С█М ╪о┘И╪и█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к ┌й╪з ╪н╪╡█Б ┘В╪▒╪з╪▒ ╪п█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з╪▒╪к┘В╪з╪б ┌й╪з ╪з█Б┘Е ╪м╪▓┘И █Б█Т█Ф
  2. ╪п┘И╪│╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪н╪│┘Ж ╪│┘Д┘И┌й: ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪п┘И╪│╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪н╪│┘Ж ╪│┘Д┘И┌й ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┌й█Б╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В ╪│█Т ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┌п█Б ╪и┘Ж╪з┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф
  3. ╪╡╪и╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪н┘Е┘Д: ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╡╪и╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪н┘Е┘Д ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪и╪к╪з╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┌й█Б╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ┘Е╪┤┌й┘Д╪з╪к ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪з╪и┘Д█Б ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б┘И╪ж█Т ╪╡╪и╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪п╪з┘Е┘Ж █Б╪з╪к┌╛ ╪│█Т ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌Ж┌╛┘И┌С┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф
  4. ╪│┌Ж╪з╪ж█М: ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┘Ж█Т ╪│┌Ж╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪з ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪и┌С╪з ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д ┘В╪▒╪з╪▒ ╪п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪│┌Ж ╪и┘И┘Д┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т╪М ┌Ж╪з█Б█Т ╪н╪з┘Д╪з╪к ╪м█М╪│█Т ╪и┌╛█М █Б┘И┌║█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

“┌п┘Д╪│╪к╪з┘Ж” ╪┤█М╪о ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪и█Т ┘Е╪л┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪│┘Ж┌п ┘Е█М┘Д █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Д╪з╪▓┘И╪з┘Д ╪н╪╡█Б ╪и┘Ж ┌Ж┌й█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪│╪╣╪п█М ┌й█М ╪н┌й╪з█М╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ┘Ж╪╡█М╪н╪к█М┌║ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪и┘Ж╪з┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪п╪п┌п╪з╪▒ ╪л╪з╪и╪к █Б┘И ╪▒█Б█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪│╪з╪п█Б╪М ┘Е┌п╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪к╪н╪▒█М╪▒ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪н╪│┘Ж ╪│┘Д┘И┌й ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┘Б╪▒┘И╪║ ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф “┌п┘Д╪│╪к╪з┘Ж” ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ┌й╪к╪з╪и █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│╪з ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪╡╪н█М╪н ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

Sheikh Saadi Shirazi and His Work “Gulistan”

Sheikh Saadi Shirazi, considered one of the greatest poets and philosophers of Persian literature, was a famous Persian writer, poet, and scholar of the 13th century. His full name was “Sheikh Abu Muhammad Mushrif al-Din Saadi,” and he gained global fame for the depth of his thoughts, his philosophy of life, and his moral teachings. His renowned work Gulistan (The Rose Garden) is not only a masterpiece of Persian literature but has also had a profound impact on world literature.

Sheikh Saadi’s Life: Sheikh Saadi Shirazi was born around 1210, and he was a resident of Shiraz, Iran. His early education took place in Shiraz, after which he traveled to Baghdad and other intellectual centers to further his studies. Saadi spent much of his life in various countries, where he closely observed different civilizations, religions, and social systems. A portion of his life was spent during invasions, wars, and captivity. These experiences and observations are reflected in his writings.

Creation of Gulistan: Gulistan was created in 1258 when Saadi had already become an experienced scholar. This book is a collection of prose and poetry, which presents various aspects of life, moral advice, and true stories. Saadi emphasized humanity, good conduct, and social relationships in this work. Not only does Gulistan provide moral lessons and fundamental principles of human life, but the tales and stories within it also reflect the social realities of that time.

Themes of Gulistan: The themes of Gulistan focus on the realities of life, good deeds of a person, and the inner qualities of an individual. The book consists of 8 chapters, in which Saadi discusses moral teachings, human nature, true love, human relationships, and social principles. In each chapter, Saadi conveys his thoughts through concise, simple, and profound stories that people continue to apply in their everyday lives.

  1. Chapter One – Etiquette of Companionship: In this chapter, Sheikh Saadi discusses the importance of good behavior, hard work, and honesty in human relationships, focusing on maintaining good relations between people.
  2. Chapter Two – Wisdom: This chapter discusses wisdom, where Saadi talks about the sages and elders who learned from their life experiences and taught others.
  3. Chapter Three – Morality: Saadi emphasizes the importance of good morals, stating that a personтАЩs true wealth lies in their good character.
  4. Chapter Four – Justice: Saadi highlights the principles of justice in this chapter, stressing the importance of upholding justice and fairness among people.
  5. Chapter Five – Love: Saadi discusses the reality of love, asserting that love is essential for the spiritual development of a person and is a pure emotion.
  6. Chapter Six – Smiling: In this chapter, Saadi talks about the importance of a smile, claiming that a smile can foster love and relationships between people.
  7. Chapter Seven – Avoiding Bad Actions: Saadi discusses the importance of avoiding actions that lead to moral degradation.
  8. Chapter Eight – Fate: In this chapter, Saadi explores the concepts of fate and a personтАЩs destiny.

Characteristics of Gulistan: The greatest characteristic of Gulistan is the simplicity and effectiveness of its language. Saadi not only made Persian language lucid but also delightful. The simplicity and wisdom of his writing have not only made this book a masterpiece in Persian literature but have also earned it an important place in world literature. Saadi’s phrases and verses have become popular proverbs, and his advice continues to hold significance in people’s lives today.

  1. Brevity: One of the key features of SaadiтАЩs writing is its brevity. He conveys complex and profound ideas in simple and concise sentences.
  2. Stories: Through his stories and tales, Saadi imparts moral lessons. These stories are not only based on wisdom and reflection but also highlight the spiritual aspects of human beings.
  3. Humor and Satire: Saadi also employed humor and satire in his writings, giving the book an engaging and entertaining style. He openly mocked social evils and injustices.

Global Significance of Gulistan: Gulistan has received immense acclaim in world literature for its moral depth and simplicity. The book has been translated into various languages and holds significance in the lives of people across the world. The stories and moral lessons from Gulistan continue to help improve human lives.

Sheikh Saadi’s Tales and Moral Teachings:

  1. Love: In his writings, Saadi considered love as the greatest virtue and a natural part of human nature. According to him, love is an essential element of a personтАЩs moral development.
  2. Good Conduct with Others: Saadi always emphasized the importance of treating others with kindness. He believed that a person should win the hearts of others through their good character.
  3. Patience and Forbearance: Saadi highlighted the importance of patience and forbearance in life, asserting that one should never lose patience in the face of difficulties.
  4. Truthfulness: Saadi considered truthfulness to be the greatest principle in life, encouraging people to always speak the truth regardless of circumstances.

Conclusion: Gulistan is a unique and magnificent work by Sheikh Saadi, which is not only a milestone in Persian literature but has also become an eternal part of world literature. SaadiтАЩs tales and moral advice continue to help improve peopleтАЩs lives. His simple yet profound writing promotes love, good conduct, and moral principles among people even today. Gulistan is not just a book; it is a guiding principle for humanity, offering a way to live according to the true principles of life.

┘Ж╪╡╪з╪и ╪м╪п█М╪п ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й█М┘Е ╪░┌й█М ╪з╪н┘Е╪п ╪о╪з┘Ж

┘Ж╪╡╪з╪и ╪м╪п█М╪п ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М╪М ╪м┘И 20┘И█М┌║ ╪╡╪п█М ┌й█Т ╪в╪║╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪┤┌й█М┘Д ┘╛╪з█М╪з╪М ┘Ж█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪п╪▒█М╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒╪о ┘Е╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б ┌й╪▒╪з█М╪з█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Ж╪╡╪з╪и ┌й█М ╪к█М╪з╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘Ж ╪и╪▓╪▒┌п┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│┌й╪з┘Д╪▒╪▓ ┘Ж█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ ╪з╪п╪з ┌й█М╪з╪М ╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н┌й█М┘Е ╪░┌й█М ╪з╪н┘Е╪п ╪о╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Ж╪з┘Е ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ █Б█Т█Ф ╪н┌й█М┘Е ╪░┌й█М ╪з╪н┘Е╪п ╪о╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┘Е╪▒╪к╪и ┌й█М█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е█М ╪о╪п┘Е╪з╪к ┘Ж█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ┌й█М ╪к╪п╪▒█М╪│ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪▒┘И█М╪м ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪в╪║╪з╪▓ ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Ж╪╡╪з╪и ╪м╪п█М╪п ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ┌й█Т ┘Е█М╪п╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪н┌й█М┘Е ╪░┌й█М ╪з╪н┘Е╪п ╪о╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б

╪н┌й█М┘Е ╪░┌й█М ╪з╪н┘Е╪п ╪о╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│┌й╪з┘Д╪▒╪М ╪з╪п█М╪и╪М ┘Е╪к╪▒╪м┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т╪М ╪м┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М╪М ╪╣╪▒╪и█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┘Е╪▒╪к╪и ┌й█М█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘╛█М╪п╪з╪ж╪┤ 1860 ┌й█М ╪п█Б╪з╪ж█М ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И╪ж█М█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪и┌С█Т ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е ╪о╪з┘Ж╪п╪з┘Ж ╪│█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█Т ╪к┌╛█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и┌Ж┘╛┘Ж ╪│█Т █Б█М ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒╪║╪и╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█Т ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪к╪╣╪п╪п ╪з╪│╪з╪к╪░█Б ╪│█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й█М█Ф ╪н┌й█М┘Е ╪░┌й█М ╪з╪н┘Е╪п ╪о╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪о╪п┘Е╪з╪к ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪к╪п╪▒█М╪│ ╪к┌й ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪к┌╛█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ┌й█Т ╪з╪п╪и ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪в█Б┘Ж┌п ╪п█М╪з╪М ╪м╪│ ╪│█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ┘Е┘Е╪з┘Д┌й ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ┘╛╪░█М╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д █Б┘И╪ж█М█Ф

╪н┌й█М┘Е ╪░┌й█М ╪з╪н┘Е╪п ╪о╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Ж╪╡╪з╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┘╛╪│ ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒

╪н┌й█М┘Е ╪░┌й█М ╪з╪н┘Е╪п ╪о╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█Т ╪м╪п█М╪п ┘Ж╪╡╪з╪и ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ┌й┘И ╪к╪▒╪к█М╪и ╪п█М┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ ╪з╪п╪з ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪│ ┘Ж╪╡╪з╪и ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪│█М┌й┌╛╪з┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ┘Б╪▒┘И╪║ ╪п█М┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ┌й╪з ┘Ж╪╡╪з╪и ╪м╪п█М╪п ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪к┘В╪з╪╢┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В ╪к╪┤┌й█М┘Д ╪п█М╪з ┌п█М╪з ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й┘Д╪з╪│█М┌й█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪м╪п█М╪п ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б╪М ╪│╪з╪ж┘Ж╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п╪и█М ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ┌п█М╪з ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф

╪н┌й█М┘Е ╪░┌й█М ╪з╪н┘Е╪п ╪о╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪╡╪з╪и ┌й╪з ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И █М█Б ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┘В╪п█М┘Е ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и╪▒┘В╪▒╪з╪▒ ╪▒┌й┌╛╪з╪М ┘Е┌п╪▒ ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ █Б█М ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п█М╪п ╪з╪п╪и█М ┘Ж╪╕╪▒█М╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│┘Д┘И╪и ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з █М█Б ┘Ж╪╡╪з╪и ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ┌й█Т ╪│█М┌й┌╛┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ╪│┌й┌╛╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪к┌╛╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к╪М ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛ ╪и┌╛█М ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к╪з ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф

┘Ж╪╡╪з╪и ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п

╪н┌й█М┘Е ╪░┌й█М ╪з╪н┘Е╪п ╪о╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪п╪▒█М╪│ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪к┌╛╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘И█Б ┌Ж╪з█Б╪к█Т ╪к┌╛█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪╡╪з╪и ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ┘Ж╪ж█М ┘Ж╪│┘Д ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪п╪и ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к╪М ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ┌й╪з ╪┤╪╣┘И╪▒ ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д █Б┘И█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪о█М╪з┘Д ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪к╪▒╪и█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│█Т ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ╪к┌й ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪╡╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┘Ж█М╪з╪п█М ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪к█М┘Ж ╪з█Б┘Е ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ╪к┌╛█Т:

  1. ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е: ╪н┌й█М┘Е ╪░┌й█М ╪з╪н┘Е╪п ╪о╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪╡╪з╪и ┌й╪з ╪и┘Ж█М╪з╪п█М ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ╪│┌й┌╛╪з┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘В╪п█М┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ╪к╪н╪▒█М╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌п┘Б╪к╪з╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪│█М┌й┌╛┘Ж█Т ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ┌п█М╪з█Ф
  2. ╪з╪п╪и ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖╪з┘Д╪╣█Б: ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з╪│█М┌й█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪п█М╪п ╪п┘И┘Ж┘И┌║ ╪н╪╡┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М ╪к┘И╪м█Б ╪п█М ┌п╪ж█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪о█М╪з┘Д ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ╪з╪п╪и ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖╪з┘Д╪╣█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪░█Б┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┌й╪▒█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т█Ф
  3. ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ┌й╪з ╪┤╪╣┘И╪▒: ┘Ж╪╡╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к╪М ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з ╪к╪з┌й█Б ╪╖┘Д╪и█Б ╪п┘И┘Ж┘И┌║ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛ ╪│┌й█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п ┘Е╪┤╪к╪▒┌й╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪м╪з┘Ж ╪│┌й█М┌║█Ф

╪н┌й█М┘Е ╪░┌й█М ╪з╪н┘Е╪п ╪о╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪│┘Д┘И╪и ╪к╪п╪▒█М╪│

╪н┌й█М┘Е ╪░┌й█М ╪з╪н┘Е╪п ╪о╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪к╪п╪▒█М╪│█М ╪з╪│┘Д┘И╪и ╪и█Б╪к ┘Е┘Ж┘Б╪▒╪п ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Д┘Б╪з╪╕ ┌й╪з ┘Е╪м┘Е┘И╪╣█Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к█М╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ┘Б┌й╪▒█М ╪╡┘Д╪з╪н█М╪к┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪и█М╪к ┌й█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪╖┘Д╪и█Б ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ╪│┌й┌╛╪з╪к█Т ╪к┌╛█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к╪М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з┘В╪п╪з╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┌Ж╪з╪ж█М ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪в┌п╪з█Б ┌й╪▒╪к█Т ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪о█М╪з┘Д ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ╪┤╪╣┘И╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и╪╡█М╪▒╪к ┘╛█М╪п╪з ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪н┌й█М┘Е ╪░┌й█М ╪з╪н┘Е╪п ╪о╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з╪│█М┌й█М ╪┤╪╣╪▒╪з╪б ╪м█М╪│█Т ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕╪М ╪│╪╣╪п█М╪М ┘Е┘И┘Д┘И█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪▒╪п┘И╪│█М ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┌й┘И ┘Ж╪╡╪з╪и ┌й╪з ╪н╪╡█Б ╪и┘Ж╪з█М╪з ╪к╪з┌й█Б ╪╖┘Д╪и█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ┌й█Т ╪з╪п╪и█М ┘И╪▒╪л█Т ╪│█Т ╪в┌п╪з█Б █Б┘И┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ╪┤╪╣╪▒╪з╪б ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ╪│█М┌й┌╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪п╪п┌п╪з╪▒ █Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е ╪│█Т ╪и┌╛█М ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж╪з╪│ ┌й╪▒╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

┘Ж╪╡╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п█М╪п█М╪к ┌й█М ╪м┌╛┘Д┌й

╪н┌й█М┘Е ╪░┌й█М ╪з╪н┘Е╪п ╪о╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█Т ┘В╪п█М┘Е ╪з╪п╪и ┌й┘И ┘Ж╪ж█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪к┘В╪з╪╢┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В ┌И┌╛╪з┘Д┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Ж╪╡╪з╪и ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┌й┘Д╪з╪│█М┌й█М ╪з╪п╪и ╪к┌й ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪к┌╛╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪м╪п█М╪п ╪з╪п╪и╪М ╪│╪з╪ж┘Ж╪│█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М╪з╪к╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ┘Ж╪╡╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п █М█Б ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ╪╖┘Д╪и█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ┘В╪п█М┘Е ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п╪и ╪к┌й ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п ┘Ж█Б ╪▒█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪м╪п█М╪п ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪н┘Д ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й╪▒█М┌║█Ф

╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪м╪п█М╪п ╪┤╪╣╪▒╪з╪б ╪м█М╪│█Т ┘Е█М╪▒╪▓╪з ╪║╪з┘Д╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘В╪и╪з┘Д ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ┘Ж╪╡╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ┌й█М╪з ╪к╪з┌й█Б ╪╖┘Д╪и█Б ┌й┘И ╪м╪п█М╪п ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪│█Т ╪и┌╛█М ╪в┌п╪з█Б ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪╣┘Д╪з┘И█Б╪М ╪н┌й█М┘Е ╪░┌й█М ╪з╪н┘Е╪п ╪о╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪о█М╪з┘Д╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│╪з╪ж┘Ж╪│█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ┌й█М╪з ╪к╪з┌й█Б ╪╖┘Д╪и█Б ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪п╪и█М╪з╪к ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪┤╪╣╪и┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪в┌п█Т ╪и┌С┌╛ ╪│┌й█М┌║█Ф

╪н┌й█М┘Е ╪░┌й█М ╪з╪н┘Е╪п ╪о╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒

╪н┌й█М┘Е ╪░┌й█М ╪з╪н┘Е╪п ╪о╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪п╪▒█М╪│ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и█Б╪к ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪▒█Б╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪о╪п┘Е╪з╪к ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ┘Е┘Е╪з┘Д┌й ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й╪з┘Е ┌й┘И ╪│╪▒╪з█Б╪з ┌п█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ╪и┘Ж█М╪з╪п ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й█М ╪м╪│ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и╪╣╪п ┌й█Т ╪з╪│┌й╪з┘Д╪▒╪▓ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п█М╪и ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪│╪к┘И╪з╪▒ ┌й╪▒ ╪│┌й█Т█Ф

╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й┘И ╪м╪п█М╪п ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪к┘В╪з╪╢┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В ┌И┌╛╪з┘Д ┌й╪▒ ╪з╪│█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪│╪╖╪н ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪п█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Ж╪╡╪з╪и ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪║┘Е╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з╪п╪и ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪з╪╢█М ┌й╪з ╪╣┌й╪з╪│ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к╪з╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И █Б╪▒ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪к┘В╪з╪╢┘И┌║ ╪│█Т █Б┘Е ╪в█Б┘Ж┌п █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪н┌й█М┘Е ╪░┌й█М ╪з╪н┘Е╪п ╪о╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Ж╪╡╪з╪и ╪м╪п█М╪п ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪п╪▒█М╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪│┘Ж┌п ┘Е█М┘Д ┌й█М ╪н█М╪л█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ┌й┘И ╪м╪п█М╪п ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪к┘В╪з╪╢┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В ┌И┌╛╪з┘Д╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘И╪│█М╪╣ ╪к╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М╪М ╪з╪п╪и█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ┘╛╪│ ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┌й╪з┘И╪┤█М┌║ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪╖┘Д╪и█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│┌й╪з┘Д╪▒╪▓ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪и╪з╪╣╪л █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Ж╪╡╪з╪и ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪к┌╛╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з╪п╪и╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┌й█Т ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ┘Е┘Б╪з█Б█М┘Е ┌й┘И ╪╖┘Д╪и█Б ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з█М╪з ┌п█М╪з█Ф

UG-Persian, Semester-3, MJC-4

Classical Persian Poetry

╪║╪▓┘Д ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕: “╪╡┘Д╪з╪н ┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й╪м╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪▒╪з╪и ┌й╪м╪з

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д “╪╡┘Д╪з╪н ┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й╪м╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪▒╪з╪и ┌й╪м╪з” ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█Б╪з█М╪к ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ╪║╪▓┘Д █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и┌С█М ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪п╪и╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█В ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й┘И ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┌п┘Ж╪з█Б┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к┘И╪и█Б ┌й█Т ╪з┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж╪з╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М █М█Б ╪║╪▓┘Д ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪╣╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ ┘Е╪л╪з┘Д █Б█Т╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з┘Ж╪к█Б╪з╪ж█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪│█Т ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М╪М ╪м┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪╣╪▒┘Б ╪╣╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ “╪н╪з┘Б╪╕” ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪з┘Е ╪│█Т ╪м╪з┘Ж╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М 14┘И█М┌║ ╪╡╪п█М ┌й█Т ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪и█Т ┘Е╪л╪з┘Д ╪│╪к┘И┘Ж ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛█Т ╪м╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘╛┘И╪▒╪з ┘Ж╪з┘Е ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪┤┘Е╪│ ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ┘Е╪н┘Е╪п ╪и┘Ж ╪и█Б╪з╪б ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪к┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б 1325 █М╪з 1335 ╪╣█М╪│┘И█М ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓╪М ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪п╪з █Б┘И╪ж█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘╛┘И╪▒█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪и┘И┘Д┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█Т ╪╣┘Д╪з┘В█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Т ╪н╪п ┘Е┘В╪и┘И┘Д ╪к┌╛█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д█М┌║ ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪│╪╖╪н ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛╪│┘Ж╪п ┌й█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д █Б█М┌║╪М ╪м┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б╪М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣┘Е┘И┘Е╪з┘Л ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д█М╪з╪к╪М ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к ┌й█Т ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪▓█М╪з╪п█Б ╪к╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к█М ╪к╪м╪▒╪и╪з╪к╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ “╪к╪╡┘И┘Б” ╪з┘И╪▒ “╪╣╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж” ┌й╪з ╪╣┘Ж╪╡╪▒ ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ┌й█Т ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┌й┘И ┌й┌╛┘И┘Д╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з╪╣┘Д█М┘░ ╪п╪▒╪м█Б ┌й█Т ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б ╪к┌╛█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘В╪▒╪в┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│┘Д╪з┘Е█М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█Т ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪м┌╛┘Д┌й█М╪з┌║ ┘Е┘Д╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘Д┘Д█Б ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ┘╛╪▒█Б█М╪▓ ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪┤╪╣┘И╪▒ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

1. ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д

╪║╪▓┘Д “╪╡┘Д╪з╪н ┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й╪м╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪▒╪з╪и ┌й╪м╪з╪Я” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█Б╪з█М╪к ╪з█Б┘Е ╪│┘И╪з┘Д ╪з┘╣┌╛╪з█М╪з █Б█Т: ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪╡┘Д╪з╪н█М╪к┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┌Ж┌╛█Т ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Т ┌й┘И ┌й█М╪│█Т ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж█Т╪М ╪м╪и┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪о┘И╪п ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ╪│█Т ┘Ж╪з┘И╪з┘В┘Б █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т╪Я ╪з╪│ ╪│┘И╪з┘Д ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪п╪┤┘Ж╪з╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф █М█Б ╪│┘И╪з┘Д ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п█М╪к┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з╪│█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪┤┌й┘Д ┘╛█М╪┤ ╪в╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪и█М╪к 1:
╪╡┘Д╪з╪н ┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й╪м╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪▒╪з╪и ┌й╪м╪з╪Я
█М█Б ╪и█М╪к ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б╪п╪з█М╪к ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф “╪╡┘Д╪з╪н ┌й╪з╪▒” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и █Б█Т ┘И█Б ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Б ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б┘Д╪з╪н ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и█Б╪к╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з╪ж█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ “╪о╪▒╪з╪и” ╪│█Т ┘Е╪▒╪з╪п ┘И█Б ╪н╪з┘Д╪к █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌п┘Ж╪з█Б╪М ╪о╪╖╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и█Т ╪▒╪з█Б ╪▒┘И█М ┌й╪з ╪┤┌й╪з╪▒ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ┌й╪┤┘Е┌й╪┤ ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Т ┌й█М ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪о╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪з┌й╪з┘Е █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪╡╪н█М╪н ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪║┘Д╪╖ ┌й█Т ╪и█М┌Ж ┘╛┌╛┘Ж╪│ ┌Ж┌й╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪и█М╪к 2:
╪о┘П┘И╪п ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И┌║ ┘Е╪к╪┤╪з╪и█Б╪з╪к╪М ╪н█М╪▒╪к ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И┌║╪М ╪з┌п╪▒┌Ж█Б █Б╪▓╪з╪▒┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И┌║█Ф
█М█Б ╪и█М╪к ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ┌п┘Е╪▒╪з█Б█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪п█М ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪╣╪к╪▒╪з┘Б ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪о┘И╪п ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪и█Т ╪о╪и╪▒ █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б╪▓╪з╪▒┘И┌║ ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌п┘Е █Б█М┌║╪М ╪н╪з┘Д╪з┘Ж┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┘Е█М┌║ █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪и█М╪к 3:
┘Ж╪з╪▓┌й █Б█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к╪М ╪и╪з╪╖┘Ж█М ╪║┘Е┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Д╪м┌╛ ┌п╪ж█Т █Б█М┌║ █Б┘Е█Ф
╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з╪│ ╪и█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪╖┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п ╪║┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Д╪м┌╛┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Ж╪з╪▓┌й █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ┌й╪┤┘Е┌й╪┤ ┌й╪з ╪┤┌й╪з╪▒ █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒ ┌й┘И ┘Е╪┤┌й┘Д ╪и┘Ж╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

2. ╪╣╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ╪к┘Б╪│█М╪▒

╪║╪▓┘Д “╪╡┘Д╪з╪н ┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й╪м╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪▒╪з╪и ┌й╪м╪з╪Я” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й╪з ┘Е┌й┘Е┘Д ╪з╪п╪▒╪з┌й ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪╡╪н█М╪н ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Т ┌й╪з ╪з┘Ж╪к╪о╪з╪и ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪з┌й╪з┘Е █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪╣╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ “╪╡┘Д╪з╪н” ╪з┘И╪▒ “╪о╪▒╪з╪и█М” ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ┘Б╪▒┘В ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒╪к █Б█Т ╪к╪з┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж ╪│┌й█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ┌й█Б┘Ж╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪м╪и ╪к┌й ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒┘И┘Ж█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒╪│╪к ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з╪М ╪к╪и ╪к┌й ┘И█Б ╪з┘Д┘Д█Б ┌й█М █Б╪п╪з█М╪к ╪│█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ ╪▒█Б╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪║╪▓┘Д ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪п╪┤┘Ж╪з╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪з╪╡┘Д╪з╪н ┌й█М ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к┘И ╪з╪│█Т ┌й╪ж█М ╪з┘Д╪м┌╛┘Ж┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪┤┌й┘Д╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж╪з ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┘╛┌С╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

3. ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Ж┘Б╪│█М╪з╪к█М ╪к╪м╪▓█М█Б

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Ж┘Б╪│█М╪з╪к█М ╪м█Б╪к ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з╪│ ╪│┘И╪з┘Д ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Ж┘Б╪│█М╪з╪к█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ┌й╪│ ╪╖╪▒╪н ╪и█Т ╪о╪и╪▒ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ █М█Б ╪│┘И╪з┘Д ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ╪к┘Ж╪з┘В╪╢ ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

┘Ж┘Б╪│█М╪з╪к ┌й█Т ┘Ж┘В╪╖█Б ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪│█Т ╪и┌╛█М █М█Б ╪║╪▓┘Д ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ┌й╪┤┘Е┌й╪┤ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┌п┘Ж╪з█Б┘И┌║╪М ┘Ж╪з┌й╪з┘Е█М┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪░█Б┘Ж█М ╪з┘Ж╪к╪┤╪з╪▒ ╪│█Т ╪и╪з█Б╪▒ ┘Ж┌й┘Д┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪│┘И╪з┘Д ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪к╪╡╪з╪п┘Е ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

4. ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д “╪╡┘Д╪з╪н ┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й╪м╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪▒╪з╪и ┌й╪м╪з╪Я” ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ╪│█Т ┘Е╪┤╪з╪и█Б╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█М █Б█Т ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┌п┘Ж╪з█Б┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪и█М╪┤╪к╪▒ ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪з╪╡┘Д╪з╪н╪М ╪о┘И╪п ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪в┌п╪з█Б ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т ╪к╪з┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з┘Д┘Д█Б ┌й█М █Б╪п╪з█М╪к ┌й┘И ┘В╪и┘И┘Д ┌й╪▒ ╪│┌й█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪о╪▒╪з╪и█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒ ╪│┌й█Т█Ф

5. ┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪║╪▓┘Д “╪╡┘Д╪з╪н ┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й╪м╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪▒╪з╪и ┌й╪м╪з╪Я” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й┘И ╪з┘Ж╪к█Б╪з╪ж█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪и█Т ╪о╪и╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│┘И╪з┘Д╪з╪к ╪з┘╣┌╛╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з █М█Б ╪│┘И╪з┘Д ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪в┘╛ ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪з╪╡┘Д╪з╪н ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪к┘И╪м█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌п┘Ж╪з█Б ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪к╪з┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪╡╪н█М╪н ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Т ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘В╪п┘Е ╪и┌С┌╛╪з ╪│┌й█Т█Ф

█М█Б ╪║╪▓┘Д ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┘В█М┘Е╪к█М ╪н╪╡█Б █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪и┌╛█М ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪в┘╛ ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒╪з╪║╪и ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│╪з ┘И╪│█М┘Д█Б █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┌й█М ╪м╪з┘Ж╪и ┘В╪п┘Е ╪и┌С┌╛╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

Hafez’s Ghazal: “Salah Kar Kaha Aur Main Kharaab Kaha”

Hafez Shirazi’s ghazal “Salah Kar Kaha Aur Main Kharaab Kaha” is a profound and beautiful poem in which the poet expresses the spiritual and moral states of a human being with great wisdom and insight. In this ghazal, Hafez presents his philosophy of life, in which he reflects on human nature, its struggles, sins, and the possibility of repentance. This ghazal is a prominent example of his mystical poetry, where he beautifully portrays the inner world of man and his relationships.

Introduction to Hafez Shirazi

Hafez Shirazi, commonly known as “Hafez,” was a great Persian poet of the 14th century, considered one of the pillars of Iranian literature. His full name was Khwaja Shamsuddin Muhammad bin Bahauddin Hafez, and he was born around 1325 or 1335 CE in Shiraz, Iran. Hafez’s poetry was immensely popular not only in his time but also throughout the Persian-speaking world, and his ghazals are still widely admired today.

Hafez’s poetry covers a range of topics, including love, philosophy, ethics, and mysticism. His ghazals typically explore themes of beauty, divine love, and the deeper aspects of human nature. Much of Hafez’s work reflects his personal experiences, spiritual quest, and the social and political conditions of his time.

Mysticism and “Irfan” (gnosticism) are central elements of HafezтАЩs poetry, in which he opens up topics related to spiritual awakening and closeness to God. He was a high-ranking mystic, and his poetry often reflects the principles of the Qur’an and Islamic mysticism. Through his verses, Hafez inspires the reader to understand their connection with God, recognize the truth of their soul, and realize the importance of refraining from worldly pleasures.

1. Interpretation of the GhazalтАЩs Verses

In the ghazal “Salah Kar Kaha Aur Main Kharaab Kaha?” Hafez raises a crucial question: How can a person recognize their true potential and the right path when they are unaware of their own state? Through this question, Hafez highlights the human search for self-awareness and spiritual quest. This question exposes the limitations and spiritual weaknesses of human beings, making it difficult for them to recognize their true essence.

Verse 1: “Salah kar kaha aur main kharaab kaha?” This verse reflects human weakness and the search for guidance. “Salah kar” refers to the path that leads a person towards welfare and improvement, and “kharaab” refers to the state in which a person falls into sin, error, and corruption. Hafez highlights the inner conflict within humans, showing that they fail to recognize their true path and are caught between right and wrong.

Verse 2: “Khud mein hoon mutashabihat, hairat mein hoon, agarche hazaaron mein hoon.” This verse reveals the confusion within the human soul and the quest for self-realization. Hafez acknowledges that he, too, is unaware of his true essence and is lost among thousands of others, even though he is actually in search of the truth.

Verse 3: “Nazak hai dil ki haalat, baatini ghamon mein uljh gaye hain hum.” In this verse, Hafez speaks of the inner sorrow and confusion that a person experiences. The state of the heart is delicate, and humans are caught up in internal struggles, making their spiritual journey difficult.

2. Mystical Interpretation

In “Salah Kar Kaha Aur Main Kharaab Kaha?” Hafez underscores that humans do not have a full understanding of their state, and they fail to choose the right path. The contrast between “Salah” (right path) and “Kharaabi” (corruption) in Hafez’s mystical poetry points to the necessity for humans to recognize their spiritual state in order to reach their true essence. Hafez suggests that until one rectifies their inner condition, they remain far from divine guidance. This ghazal emphasizes the need for self-awareness and internal reform. Hafez also points out that when one seeks to understand their true self, they encounter confusion and difficulties.

3. Philosophical and Psychological Analysis

This ghazal also carries a philosophical and psychological dimension. Through this question, Hafez attempts to understand the psychological state of humans and how they remain unaware of their ultimate purpose and truth. Philosophically, this question reveals the contradiction between human nature and actions. From a psychological perspective, the ghazal depicts the internal struggle of a person who is trying to break free from sins, failures, and mental turmoil. This question reflects the inner turmoil and conflict within a person.

4. Connection to HafezтАЩs Other Poems

Hafez’s ghazal “Salah Kar Kaha Aur Main Kharaab Kaha?” resonates with many of his other verses, where he speaks of the human spiritual state, its sins, and its search. In most of Hafez’s ghazals, there is an emphasis on self-reformation, self-awareness, and spiritual growth. His poetry often aims to awaken the reader to the truth of their soul so that they can accept divine guidance and rid themselves of internal corruption.

5. Conclusion

In the ghazal “Salah Kar Kaha Aur Main Kharaab Kaha?”, Hafez beautifully and wisely reflects on the spiritual state of humans. Through this ghazal, he raises questions about human ignorance and the search for truth. HafezтАЩs question serves as a prompt for humans to recognize themselves and focus on their inner reform. Through this ghazal, Hafez not only explores the human quest and the reality of sin but also conveys that a person should always strive to understand their inner reality in order to move toward the right path.

This ghazal is not only a valuable part of Hafez’s poetry but also a spiritual message that continues to inspire people today to recognize themselves and understand their truth. HafezтАЩs poetry serves as a medium through which a person can take steps toward spiritual growth.

╪║╪▓┘Д ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕: “╪з┌п╪▒ ╪в┘Ж ╪к╪▒┌й ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ╪и┘З ╪п╪│╪к ╪в╪▒╪п ╪п┘Д ┘Е╪з╪▒╪з

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д “╪з┌п╪▒ ╪в┘Ж ╪к╪▒┌й ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ╪и┘З ╪п╪│╪к ╪в╪▒╪п ╪п┘Д ┘Е╪з╪▒╪з” ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪┤╪з█Б┌й╪з╪▒ ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪║╪▓┘Д ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪╣╪╕┘Е╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪┤┘В╪з┘Ж█Б ╪о█М╪з┘Д╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ┘Е┘Ж┘Б╪▒╪п ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к╪М ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┌Ж╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪и█М╪з┌║ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪з ┘╛┘И╪▒╪з ┘Ж╪з┘Е ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪┤┘Е╪│ ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ┘Е╪н┘Е╪п ╪и┘Ж ╪и█Б╪з╪б ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ┘И█Б 1325 █М╪з 1335 ╪╣█М╪│┘И█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓╪М ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪п╪з █Б┘И╪ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪к╪▒█М┘Ж ╪░╪о█М╪▒█Т ┌й╪з ╪н╪╡█Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й┘И ┘Е╪к╪з╪л╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д█М┌║ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛┌С┌╛█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪│┘Ж╪п ┌й█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪и┘Ж█М╪з╪п█М ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ ╪╣╪┤┘В╪М ╪╣╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж╪М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к█М┌║ █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Е█М┘В ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й╪з ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ┘╛╪з█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з╪╣┘Д█М┘░ ╪п╪▒╪м█Т ┌й█Т ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б ╪к┌╛█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒█М╪з┌║╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┘Е┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒╪з┘Ж█Б ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪и┌╛█М ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪░╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┘╛╪▒ ╪║┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪п╪╣┘И╪к ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ┘╛╪│ ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒

╪║╪▓┘Д “╪з┌п╪▒ ╪в┘Ж ╪к╪▒┌й ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ╪и┘З ╪п╪│╪к ╪в╪▒╪п ╪п┘Д ┘Е╪з╪▒╪з” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪п┘Д┘Ж╪┤█М┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к█М ╪к╪╡┘И█М╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪▒┌й ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й█Т ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪│█Т ╪к╪│╪о█М╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ┘Е╪▒┌й╪▓█М ╪о█М╪з┘Д ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪н╪│╪з╪│ █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к█М╪М ╪о┘И╪з╪и┘И┌║ ┌й█М ┘Е╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪п ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┌й┌╛╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ┘Е╪│┌й╪▒╪з█Б┘╣ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н╪│┘Ж ╪п┘Д ┌й┘И ┌й█М╪│█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж╪з ╪┤┌й╪з╪▒ ╪и┘Ж╪з ┘Д█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

1. ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ┘╛█Б┘Д╪з ╪┤╪╣╪▒:

“╪з┌п╪▒ ╪в┘Ж ╪к╪▒┌й ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ╪и┘З ╪п╪│╪к ╪в╪▒╪п ╪п┘Д ┘Е╪з╪▒╪з

█М█Б ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ╪в╪║╪з╪▓ █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪к╪▒┌й ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й█Т ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘Д┘Б╪╕ “╪к╪▒┌й” ╪з█М┌й ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪з╪░╪и ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ “╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М” ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓ ┌й█М ╪┤█Б╪▒█Б ╪в┘Б╪з┘В ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪к╪╣╪▒█М┘Б ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ╪м┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪п┘Д┌й╪┤█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█Т ╪│╪и╪и ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪п┘Д ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┌й┌╛█М┘Ж┌Ж ┘Д█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

█М█Б ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪з┘Ж╪к█Б╪з╪ж█М ╪п┘Д╪в┘И█М╪▓█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┌п╪▒ ┘И█Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й╪│█М ┌й█Т █Б╪з╪к┌╛ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ╪п┘Д ╪п█Т ╪п█Т ╪к┘И ┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ╪п┘Д ┌й┘И ╪в╪▒╪з┘Е ╪│█Т ┘Б╪к╪н ┌й╪▒ ┘Д█Т ┌п╪з█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒╪к╪з┘Л ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪м╪и ┌й┘И╪ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪╢ ┘Е╪│┌й╪▒╪з█Б┘╣ █М╪з ┘Ж╪▒┌п╪│█М╪к ╪│█Т ╪п┘Д ┘╛╪▒ ╪к╪│┘Д╪╖ ┘В╪з╪ж┘Е ┌й╪▒█Т ╪к┘И ┘И█Б ┘╛┘И╪▒█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪з╪ж┘Д ┌й╪▒ ┘Д█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

2. ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ╪п┘И╪│╪▒╪з ╪┤╪╣╪▒:

“╪║┘Е ╪п┘Д ┌й█Т ┘И╪з╪│╪╖█Т ┘╛█М╪п╪з ┌й█М╪з ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И

╪з╪│ ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Ж┘В╪╖█Б ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪│█Т ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ┘И█Б ┌й█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪п╪з ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к╪з┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪║┘Е ┌й┘И ╪│█Б ╪│┌й█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж╪з ┌й╪▒█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о┘И╪┤█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪║┘Е ╪п┘И┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪к╪м╪▒╪и█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й█Т ╪и╪п┘Д█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪│█Т ╪м┌С╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪║┘Е ╪п┘Д ┌й█Т ╪з╪н╪│╪з╪│╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪║┘Е ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ╪и┌С┌╛╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б ╪║┘Е █Б█М █Б█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪╡╪н█М╪н ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪п╪п ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

3. ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ╪к█М╪│╪▒╪з ╪┤╪╣╪▒:

“╪┤█М╪┤█Б ╪п┘Д ┌й┘И ╪к┘И┌С ┌й╪▒ ╪п┘Д ┌й╪з ╪│┌Ж╪з ╪▒╪з╪▓

╪з╪│ ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з█М┌й ╪и┘Д█М╪║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╕╪▒█М┘Б ╪╖╪▒█М┘В█Т ╪│█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█Т ╪▒╪з╪▓ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪┤█М╪┤█Б ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪к╪┤╪и█М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ┘Д╪╖╪з┘Б╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪и╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┘Ж╪з╪▓┌й ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒ █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й █М█Б ╪▒╪з╪▓ ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ┌й┌╛┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й┘И ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█Т █Б╪з╪к┌╛┘И┌║ ╪к┘И┌С┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪м╪▒╪з╪к ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т █Б╪з╪к┌╛┘И┌║ ╪п┘Д ┌й╪з ╪к┘И┌С┘Ж╪з ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪░╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

█М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з┘Ж╪к█Б╪з╪ж█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ╪к╪┤╪и█М█Б █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪п┘Д ┌й█Т ╪м┌С╪з╪д ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘╣┌╛╪з╪│ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪┤█М╪┤█Б ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┘╣┘И┘╣ ┘╛┌╛┘И┘╣ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к█М ╪з╪▒╪к┘В╪з╪б ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

4. ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ┌Ж┘И╪к┌╛╪з ╪┤╪╣╪▒:

“█Б╪▓╪з╪▒┘И┌║ ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌п┘Е █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М █Б┘Е ╪к┘Е╪з╪┤╪з╪ж█М █Б█М┌║

╪з╪│ ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪з┘Ж╪к█Б╪з╪ж█М ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╣┘Ж█М ╪о█М╪▓ ╪к╪╡┘И╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ┌й█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б █Б┘Е ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ █Б╪▓╪з╪▒┘И┌║ ╪з╪н╪│╪з╪│╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪п┘Б┘Ж ┌й╪▒ ┘Д█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ┘╛┌╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М █Б┘Е ╪з█М┌й ╪к┘Е╪з╪┤╪з╪ж█М ╪и┘Ж ┌й╪▒ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪п█М┌й┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

█М█Б ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪м╪п┘И╪м█Б╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ┌й█Б┘Ж╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ┌й┘И ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ┘И█Б ┘╛┌╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪к┘Е╪з╪┤╪з╪ж█М ╪и┘Ж ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪и█Т ╪и╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪п ┌й┘И ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

5. ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ┘╛╪з█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к█М ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┌п█Б╪▒█М ┘Е╪╣┘Ж┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ╪и┌╛╪▒┘╛┘И╪▒ █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪░╪з╪к ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ╪м┌╛╪з┘Ж┌й┘Ж█Т╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█Т ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┘В╪з╪ж┘Е ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪п╪╣┘И╪к ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ╪к╪╡┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪з╪п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪н╪│┘Ж ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪п█М┌й┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛┘И╪┤█М╪п█Б ╪│┌Ж╪з╪ж█М ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

6. ┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪║╪▓┘Д “╪з┌п╪▒ ╪в┘Ж ╪к╪▒┌й ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ╪и┘З ╪п╪│╪к ╪в╪▒╪п ╪п┘Д ┘Е╪з╪▒╪з” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к╪М ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з┘Ж╪к█Б╪з╪ж█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪░█Б╪з┘Ж╪к ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ╪к╪╡┘И█М╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ┘Е╪│┌й╪▒╪з█Б┘╣╪М ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┘Д╪╖╪з┘Б╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪м╪п┘И╪м█Б╪п ┌й┘И ┘Е┘Д╪з█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М █М█Б ╪║╪▓┘Д ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒╪з┘Ж█Б ┌й┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪л╪з┘Д █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪и┌╛█М ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М █Б┘Е╪з╪▒█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┌Ж┌╛┘И ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪п╪╣┘И╪к ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█Т ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪н╪│╪з╪│╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪║╪▓┘Д █Б┘Е█М┌║ █М╪з╪п ╪п┘Д╪з╪к█М █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й╪з ┘Ж╪з┘Е █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Е╪к╪▒╪з╪п┘Б █Б█Т█Ф

Hafez’s Ghazal: “If That Shirazi Turk Takes My Heart in Hand”

Hafez Shirazi’s ghazal “If That Shirazi Turk Takes My Heart in Hand” is considered a masterpiece of Persian literature. This ghazal beautifully expresses HafezтАЩs thoughts on love, the greatness of the beloved, and presents a beautiful blend of his mystical, philosophical, and romantic ideas. Through this ghazal, Hafez not only highlights the unique characteristics of his poetry but also reveals human emotions, the state of the heart, and spiritual truths.

Introduction to Hafez Shirazi

Hafez Shirazi’s full name was Khwaja Shamsuddin Muhammad bin Bahauddin Hafez. He was born around 1325 or 1335 CE in Shiraz, Iran, and his works are an integral part of the greatest collections of Persian literature. Hafez’s poetry not only influenced Iranian literature but his ghazals are still widely read and loved around the world today. The central themes of Hafez’s poetry include love, mysticism, Sufism, and the realities of life.

HafezтАЩs poetry is marked by profound philosophy and spirituality. He was a high-ranking mystic, and his poetry often reflects divine love, human weaknesses, and the internal states of the heart. Hafez’s ghazals are not merely poetic beauties but also carry a spiritual message. His work invites people to reflect on their own nature and their connection with God.

Background of the Ghazal

In the ghazal “If That Shirazi Turk Takes My Heart in Hand,” Hafez presents a captivating and emotional image. The ghazal speaks of the beautiful beloved from Shiraz, who captivates HafezтАЩs heart with their love. The central idea of this ghazal is love, the state of the heart, and the feeling of closeness to the beloved. Hafez paints an emotional, dreamlike scenario where the smile and beauty of the beloved win over the heart.

1. First Verse of the Ghazal: “If that Shirazi Turk takes my heart in hand” This verse marks the beginning of the ghazal, where Hafez refers to the beautiful beloved from Shiraz. The word “Turk” symbolizes a charming and alluring personality, while “Shirazi” evokes the famous culture and beauty of Shiraz. In this line, Hafez is praising the beloved, whose attractiveness and beauty draw his heart toward them.

This verse essentially describes the intensity of the belovedтАЩs charm and beauty, suggesting that if this beloved were to take HafezтАЩs heart in hand, they would easily conquer it. The line subtly implies that when a beloved captures the heart with a mere smile or narcissistic allure, they gain complete control over it.

2. Second Verse of the Ghazal: “Man was created for the sorrow of the heart” In this verse, Hafez speaks from a deep philosophical perspective. He says that humans were created with the heart’s state, so they could endure sorrow and face their fate. It is a reality that humans experience both happiness and sorrow in life, and this is meant to help them understand their true essence.

Hafez suggests that the state of the heart connects a person with their beloved. The sorrow of the heart signifies the intensity of feelings and emotions and emphasizes their importance. The sorrows of life deepen the human personality and spirit, and it is through these sorrows that a person reaches the true reality of love.

3. Third Verse of the Ghazal: “Breaking the glass heart reveals the true secret of the heart” In this verse, Hafez cleverly and delicately speaks of the secret of the heart. The metaphor of the “glass heart” represents the fragility and delicacy of human emotions and soul. According to Hafez, this secret is only revealed when a person dares to break their heart with the hands of love. Breaking the heart in the hands of the beloved symbolizes a spiritual truth, where a person reaches the depths of their heart and acknowledges their true self.

This is an extremely beautiful metaphor that describes the connection and sweetness of the human heart. Hafez uses the breaking of the glass heart to represent the internal and emotional evolution of a person.

4. Fourth Verse of the Ghazal: “Even lost in thousands of hearts, we are still spectators” In this verse, Hafez presents a subtle and profound concept. He says that while we bury thousands of emotions deep within our hearts, we remain spectators of the manifestations of life.

This verse describes the internal struggle of a person and their quest for truth. Hafez suggests that while a person feels the intensity of emotions in their heart, they remain merely observers of life. This reflects the helplessness of humans and their struggle to accept their own reality.

5. Philosophy of HafezтАЩs Poetry

HafezтАЩs poetry carries a special sense of spirituality and philosophy. His ghazals are not just emotional; they are deeply meaningful. HafezтАЩs work invites humans to look within themselves, understand the profound meaning of love, and establish a connection with God.

For Hafez, the concept of love is not merely physical and material but represents a spiritual connection, where a person sees their beloved not only as a physical beauty but as a spiritual reality. In his poetry, the meaning of love is portrayed as divine love and the hidden truth within the heart of humanity.

6. Conclusion

In the ghazal “If That Shirazi Turk Takes My Heart in Hand,” Hafez beautifully and intelligently describes the truth of love, the state of the heart, and human emotions. Through this ghazal, he presents an image where the belovedтАЩs smile, the delicacy of the heart, and the internal struggle of the human soul are intertwined. This ghazal is not only an example of his poetic excellence but also conveys a mystical message that still touches our hearts today.

HafezтАЩs poetry invites people to understand their true selves and awakens the emotions and feelings hidden within their hearts. This ghazal reminds us that love is not only a physical but a spiritual connection, and understanding its truth is equivalent to reaching the depths of the human heart.

╪║╪▓┘Д ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕: “╪╡╪и╪з ╪и┘З ┘Д╪╖┘Б ╪и┌п┘И ╪в┘Ж ╪║╪▓╪з┘Д ╪▒╪╣┘Ж╪з ╪▒╪з

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д “╪╡╪и╪з ╪и┘З ┘Д╪╖┘Б ╪и┌п┘И ╪в┘Ж ╪║╪▓╪з┘Д ╪▒╪╣┘Ж╪з ╪▒╪з” ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Д┌й╪┤ ┘Е╪л╪з┘Д █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪║╪▓┘Д ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪╣╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪┤┘В╪з┘Ж█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪п┘Д┌й╪┤█М╪М ╪н╪│┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪м╪з╪░╪и█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б┘И╪ж█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ┌Ж┌╛┘И╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪п┘Д ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪з╪ж┘Д ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б█М┌║ ╪п┘И╪│╪▒█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М █М█Б ╪║╪▓┘Д ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒╪н ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д█М╪з╪к█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к█М ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ╪│█Т ╪и┌╛╪▒┘╛┘И╪▒ █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪╣╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪и┌╛█М ┌Ж┌╛┘╛╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М╪М ╪м┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪╣╪▒┘Б ╪╣╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ “╪н╪з┘Б╪╕” ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪з┘Е ╪│█Т ╪м╪з┘Ж╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М 14┘И█М┌║ ╪╡╪п█М ┌й█Т ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т ╪м┘И ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪│╪к┘И┘Ж ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛█Т ╪м╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘╛┘И╪▒╪з ┘Ж╪з┘Е ╪о┘И╪з╪м█Б ╪┤┘Е╪│ ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ┘Е╪н┘Е╪п ╪и┘Ж ╪и█Б╪з╪б ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪к┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪п╪з █Б┘И╪ж█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┌И╪з┘Д╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д█М┌║ ┘╛┘И╪▒█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪и┘И┘Д┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█Т ╪╣┘Д╪з┘В█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪╣╪▒┘И┘Б █Б┘И╪ж█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛┌С┌╛█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪│┘Ж╪п ┌й█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘Ж┘Б╪▒╪п ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м █Б█Т╪Ы ┘И█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪н╪│┘Ж╪М ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д╪М ╪╣╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж╪М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ┌й┘И ╪и┌С█Т ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒ ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪п ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪│█М ┌й┘И ╪и┌С█Т ╪и┘Д█М╪║ ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ╪│█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪з╪╕█Б╪з╪▒ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ┌й╪з ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ┘╛╪│ ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒

╪║╪▓┘Д “╪╡╪и╪з ╪и┘З ┘Д╪╖┘Б ╪и┌п┘И ╪в┘Ж ╪║╪▓╪з┘Д ╪▒╪╣┘Ж╪з ╪▒╪з” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪п┘Д┌й╪┤█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘Ж╪к█Б╪з╪ж█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪│█Т ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╡╪и╪з (█Б┘И╪з) ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ┘В╪п╪▒ ╪п┘Д┌й╪┤ ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪н╪│┘Ж ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж┘Ж╪п█Б ╪и┘Ж ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ┌й█М ╪к╪╣╪▒█М┘Б ┌й█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е╪│┌й╪▒╪з█Б┘╣ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪з╪░╪и█М╪к ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й┘И ╪к╪│╪о█М╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

1. ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ┘╛█Б┘Д╪з ╪┤╪╣╪▒:

“╪╡╪и╪з ╪и┘З ┘Д╪╖┘Б ╪и┌п┘И ╪в┘Ж ╪║╪▓╪з┘Д ╪▒╪╣┘Ж╪з ╪▒╪з

╪з╪│ ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т “╪╡╪и╪з” (█Б┘И╪з) ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪▒╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘И ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪к┌й ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й╪з ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф “╪╡╪и╪з” ╪╣╪▒╪и█М ┘Д┘Б╪╕ █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и █Б█Т ┘Ж╪▒┘Е █Б┘И╪з╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┌й╪л╪▒ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪к╪│┌й█М┘Ж╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪╡╪и╪з ╪│█Т ╪п╪▒╪о┘И╪з╪│╪к ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪к┌й █М█Б ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з╪ж█Т╪М “╪в┘Ж ╪║╪▓╪з┘Д ╪▒╪╣┘Ж╪з” ╪│█Т ┘Е╪▒╪з╪п ╪з█М┌й ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪з╪░╪и ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б╪з┌║ “╪║╪▓╪з┘Д” ┌й╪з ┘Д┘Б╪╕ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪┤╪и█М█Б ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪▒┘Е ┘И ┘Ж╪з╪▓┌й ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Д┌й╪┤ ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т█Ф

╪║╪▓╪з┘Д ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ╪з╪│╪к╪╣╪з╪▒█Б █Б█Т ╪м┘И ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪│ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣╪з╪▒█Т ┌й┘И ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪и┌С┌╛╪з ┌Ж┌С┌╛╪з ┌й╪▒ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤ █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪╡╪и╪з ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪к┌й ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з╪ж█Т█Ф

2. ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ╪п┘И╪│╪▒╪з ╪┤╪╣╪▒:

“┌й┘З ┘Е┘Ж ╪з╪▓ ╪п╪│╪к ╪з┘И ╪и┘З ┘Б╪║╪з┘Ж ╪в┘Е╪п┘Е

╪з╪│ ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪╖┘Б█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ┘И█Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ╪│█Т ┘╛╪▒█М╪┤╪з┘Ж █Б█М┌║█Ф “┘Б╪║╪з┘Ж ╪в┘Е╪п┘Е” ╪│█Т ┘Е╪▒╪з╪п █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ╪│█Т ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ╪и█Т ┘В╪з╪и┘И █Б┘И ┌Ж┌й█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪╕█Б╪з╪▒ ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪н╪п ╪к┌й ┘╛╪▒█М╪┤╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪и█Т ╪з╪о╪к█М╪з╪▒ █Б┘И ┌п╪ж█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╖┘И┘Б╪з┘Ж ╪в ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

█М█Б╪з┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т “┘Б╪║╪з┘Ж” ┌й╪з ┘Д┘Б╪╕ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪п╪▒╪п╪М ╪з╪░█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪п┘Д ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┌И┘И╪и ╪▒█Б╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к┘И ╪п┘И╪│╪▒█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б █М█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪м╪и ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ┌й┘И ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к┘И ┘И█Б ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ┘Б┌й╪▒█М ┘И ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘Д╪м┌╛┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪┤┌й╪з╪▒ █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

3. ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ╪к█М╪│╪▒╪з ╪┤╪╣╪▒:

“╪и┘З ╪│╪▒┘Е ╪▒┘Б╪к ┘И ╪о┘И╪п ╪▒╪з ╪з╪▓ ╪п╪│╪к ╪п╪з╪п┘Е

█М█Б ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ┌й╪┤┘Е┌й╪┤ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌п┘Е╪▒╪з█Б█М ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ┌й█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█Т ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪п┘Е╪з╪║ ╪║╪з╪ж╪и █Б┘И ┌Ж┌й╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪о┘И╪п ┌й┘И ┌й┌╛┘И ╪и█М┘╣┌╛█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ “╪о┘И╪п ╪▒╪з ╪з╪▓ ╪п╪│╪к ╪п╪з╪п┘Е” ╪│█Т ┘Е╪▒╪з╪п █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪╣┘В┘Д╪М █Б┘И╪┤ ┘И ╪н┘И╪з╪│ ┌й┘И ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┌й┘Е┘Д ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┌п┘Е ┌й╪▒ ╪и█М┘╣┌╛█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪м╪и ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┌И┘И╪и╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪к┘И ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛┘И┘Д ┌й╪▒ ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н┘И █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

4. ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ┌Ж┘И╪к┌╛╪з ╪┤╪╣╪▒:

“┌п┘Б╪к┘Е ╪и┘З ╪к┘И ┌й┘З ┘З┘Е┌Ж┘И ╪к┘И ╪и╪з╪┤┘Е

╪з╪│ ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ┘И█Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪│█Т ┌й█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒╪н ╪и┘Ж┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒╪н ╪и█Т ╪о┘И╪п╪М ╪и█Т ╪з╪о╪к█М╪з╪▒╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┌й┘Е┘Д ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┌И┘И╪и█Т █Б┘И╪ж█Т█Ф █М█Б╪з┌║ “╪и╪з╪┤┘Е” ┌й╪з ┘Д┘Б╪╕ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪░╪з╪к ┌й┘И ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪▒┘Ж┌п ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘Ж┌п┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪в╪▒╪▓┘И ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

5. ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ┘╛╪з█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█М ╪и╪з╪к ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й█М ╪м╪з╪к█М╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й╪з ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒█М ╪н╪│┘Ж ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪и┌╛█М ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█М █Б┘И╪ж█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о┘И╪п ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ╪и┌╛█М █Б█Т ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к█М ┌й╪┤┘Е┌й╪┤ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┌╛╪з┘Ж┌й┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪п╪╣┘И╪к ╪п█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т █Б╪з┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒ █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

6. ┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪║╪▓┘Д “╪╡╪и╪з ╪и┘З ┘Д╪╖┘Б ╪и┌п┘И ╪в┘Ж ╪║╪▓╪з┘Д ╪▒╪╣┘Ж╪з ╪▒╪з” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┌╛╪з┘Ж┌й┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪п╪╣┘И╪к ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М █М█Б ╪║╪▓┘Д ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┘В█М┘Е╪к█М ╪н╪╡█Б █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪и┌╛█М ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М █Б┘Е╪з╪▒█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┌Ж┌╛┘И ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з╪│ ╪║╪▓┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И╪з╪╢╪н ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪║╪▓┘Д ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М ╪к╪╣╪▒█М┘Б ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ╪│█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й╪з ┘╛┘И╪▒╪з ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒┘Ж╪з┘Е█Б ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж█Т ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

Hafez’s Ghazal: “Saba Be Lutf Bego Aan Ghazal-e-Ra’na Ra”

Hafez ShiraziтАЩs ghazal “Saba Be Lutf Bego Aan Ghazal-e-Ra’na Ra” is a beautiful and captivating example of his poetry. This ghazal represents Hafez’s mystical and romantic poetry, where the poet describes the charm, beauty, and allure of the beloved while touching on spiritual truths as well. In this ghazal, on one hand, the poetтАЩs heart appears drawn toward the beloved, while on the other hand, the inner state of the human soul and its spiritual quest are also portrayed. Like many of his other ghazals, HafezтАЩs poem is not only rich in aesthetic and emotional effects but also contains a deep mystical and philosophical message.

Introduction to Hafez Shirazi

Hafez Shirazi, commonly known as “Hafez,” was a great Persian poet of the 14th century, regarded as one of the pillars of Iranian literature. His full name was Khwaja Shamsuddin Muhammad bin Bahauddin Hafez, and he was born in Shiraz. Hafez’s poetry has had a profound impact on Iranian literature, and his ghazals became famous throughout the Persian-speaking world, continuing to be read and appreciated globally to this day.

HafezтАЩs poetry has a unique blend; he masterfully presents love, beauty, aesthetics, mysticism, Sufism, and philosophy. His ghazals express the state of the heart, the intensity of love, and the deep journey of the human soul. Hafez’s work eloquently portrays the truth of love and human self-awareness, reflecting not only worldly expressions of love but also messages about divine love and spiritual awakening.

Background of the Ghazal

In the ghazal “Saba Be Lutf Bego Aan Ghazal-e-Ra’na Ra,” Hafez describes the charm and beauty of his beloved with great elegance. The ghazal employs the metaphor of “Saba” (the wind) to convey messages about the beloved, and the poet presents the beauty of the beloved in such a way that it represents not just physical beauty, but also a spiritual one. In this ghazal, Hafez praises the beauty of the beloved who occupies a special place in the poet’s heart, capturing his heart with their smile and charm.

1. First Verse of the Ghazal: “Saba be lutf bego aan ghazal-e-ra’na ra” In this verse, Hafez uses “Saba” (the wind) as a messenger to deliver a message to the beloved. “Saba” is an Arabic word meaning gentle wind, often portrayed in Persian poetry as a symbol of love, comfort, and a beautiful message. Hafez is asking the wind to carry his message to the beloved, referring to them as “the graceful gazelle.” The word “gazelle” is a popular and beautiful metaphor used in Persian poetry to describe the beloved’s physical beauty, symbolizing a delicate, tender, and captivating heart.

The mention of “gazelle” is a famous and beautiful metaphor used in Persian poetry to describe the physical beauty of the beloved. Hafez uses this metaphor to enhance the description of the beloved’s beauty. The poetтАЩs desire is that the wind conveys his emotions and feelings to the beloved.

2. Second Verse of the Ghazal: “Ke man az dast-e-oo be fagh─Бn ─Бmdam” In this verse, Hafez expresses an emotional state where he is troubled by the effects of the belovedтАЩs beauty. “Fagh─Бn ─Бmdam” refers to the poet being overwhelmed and distressed by the intensity of the beloved’s beauty. Hafez is conveying that the overwhelming beauty of the beloved has disturbed him to such an extent that he is now helpless and his soul is in turmoil.

Here, Hafez uses the word “fagh─Бn” to represent pain, agony, and restlessness. On one hand, the poetтАЩs heart is submerged in the intensity of the beloved’s beauty, and on the other hand, this also indicates that when a person experiences the intensity of love, they become internally conflicted and spiritually disoriented.

3. Third Verse of the Ghazal: “Be saram raft o khod ra az dast d─Бdam” This verse reflects HafezтАЩs inner turmoil and confusion. He says that in the face of the belovedтАЩs beauty, his mind has disappeared, and he has lost himself. The phrase “khod ra az dast d─Бdam” implies that the poet has completely lost his mind, reason, and awareness in the beloved’s love. Hafez is describing that when a person falls deeply in love, they forget their own identity and become completely absorbed in the beloved’s love.

4. Fourth Verse of the Ghazal: “Goftam be to ke hamcho to basham” In this verse, Hafez expresses his deepest wish. He tells the beloved that he desires to become like themтАФlost, helpless, and completely immersed in love. The word “basham” reflects the poetтАЩs wish to transform himself into the belovedтАЩs likeness, to be absorbed in the belovedтАЩs state of being.

5. Philosophy of HafezтАЩs Poetry

Hafez’s poetry contains a distinct sense of spirituality and philosophy. In his ghazals, he does not simply speak of physical beauty, but also hints at a deeper spiritual truth. For Hafez, the beauty of the beloved is not just outward appearance but also embodies a spiritual reality, guiding a person toward self-awareness and the truth of God.

HafezтАЩs poetry has a philosophical dimension, where he describes the inner states of human beings and their emotional struggles. His ghazals invite individuals to understand their true essence and look within their hearts. For Hafez, love is a spiritual journey through which a person discovers their true self.

6. Conclusion

In the ghazal “Saba Be Lutf Bego Aan Ghazal-e-Ra’na Ra,” Hafez presents the belovedтАЩs beauty not only as a physical attribute but also as a symbol of a deeper spiritual truth. Through this ghazal, Hafez invites people to look within their hearts and understand the essence of love. This ghazal is not only a valuable part of Hafez’s poetry but also conveys a spiritual message that continues to touch our hearts today.

HafezтАЩs poetry beautifully combines love and mysticism, which is clearly evident in this ghazal. The poem not only praises the beauty of the beloved but also points to a deeper spiritual reality, revealing a complete view of human nature and its relationships.

“┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ┘И ┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж ╪п╪▒╪│╪к ╪з╪▓ ┘Е┘Ж ┘Е╪│╪к ╪║╪▓┘Д ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕:

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪╣┘Е┘И┘Е╪з┘Л ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪┤┘В╪з┘Ж█Б ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ┘Е╪м┘Е┘И╪╣█Б █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф “┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ┘И ┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж ╪п╪▒╪│╪к ╪з╪▓ ┘Е┘Ж ┘Е╪│╪к” ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ┌Ж┌╛┘╛╪з █Б┘И╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ┘И╪╢╪з╪н╪к ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И╪╣╪п█Т ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ╪к┌й ╪│┌Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪│╪к ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И ╪│┌й╪к█Т ╪м╪и ╪к┌й ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘╛┘И╪▒█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ┘Е╪│╪к█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪║╪▒┘В ┘Ж█Б █Б┘И█Ф

╪з╪│ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Д█Т ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘Е ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й╪з ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪к╪м╪▓█М█Б ┌й╪▒█М┌║ ┌п█Т╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛█М┌║ ┌п█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е╪╣╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛╪▒ ╪║┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒█М┌║ ┌п█Т█Ф

“┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ┘И ┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж ╪п╪▒╪│╪к ╪з╪▓ ┘Е┘Ж ┘Е╪│╪к” ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е

┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ┌й╪з ╪к╪▒╪м┘Е█Б █Б█Т: “┘Е█М╪▒█Т ┘Е╪│╪к █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣█Б╪п ╪п╪▒╪│╪к █Б█М┌║█Ф” ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т “┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и” █М╪╣┘Ж█М ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п █М╪з ┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и ┌й┘И╪М “╪╖╪з╪╣╪к” █М╪╣┘Ж█М ╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪к █М╪з ┘Б╪▒┘Е╪з┘Ж╪и╪▒╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ “┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж” █М╪╣┘Ж█М ┘И╪╣╪п█Т █М╪з ╪╣█Б╪п ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘Д┘Б╪╕ “┘Е╪│╪к” ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Д┘Б╪╕ █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и █Б█Т ┘Е╪│╪к╪М ┘Ж╪┤█Т ┘Е█М┌║ █М╪з ┘Е╪п█Б┘И╪┤ ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И┘Ж╪з╪М █М╪╣┘Ж█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪м╪и ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н┘И █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б┘И╪┤ ┘И ╪н┘И╪з╪│ ╪│█Т ╪и█М┌п╪з┘Ж█Б █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б╪з┌║ “┘Е╪│╪к” ╪│█Т ┘Е╪▒╪з╪п ┘И█Б ╪┤╪о╪╡ █Б█Т ╪м┘И ┘Е╪н╪и╪к █М╪з ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪┤█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪║╪▒┘В █Б┘И ┌Ж┌й╪з █Б┘И█Ф

1. “┘Е╪│╪к” ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪┤╪▒█М╪н

┌й╪│█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з “┘Е╪│╪к” █Б┘И┘Ж╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж╪┤█Б █М╪з ╪│╪▒┘И╪▒ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ╪з╪н╪│╪з╪│ ╪│█Т ┘Е╪│╪к █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з╪│ ╪╖╪▒╪н ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к┘И ┘И█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ╪к┘Е╪з┘Е ┘Е╪╣╪з┘Е┘Д╪з╪к ╪│█Т ╪и█Т ┘╛╪▒┘И╪з█Б █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и █М╪з ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н┘И █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б╪з┌║ █М█Б█М ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к █М╪з ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┌й┘Е┘Д ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪║╪▒┘В █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к╪и █Б█М ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И╪╣╪п█Т ╪│┌Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪│╪к █Б┘И╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

█М╪╣┘Ж█М ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ┌й█Б┘Ж╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т █Б┘И╪┤ ┘И ╪н┘И╪з╪│ ╪│█Т ╪и╪з█Б╪▒ ┘Ж┌й┘Д ┌й╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к █М╪з ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪┤█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н┘И █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к╪и █Б█М ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘И╪╣╪п┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪п┘Д ╪│█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘Д┘И╪╡ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘╛┘И╪▒╪з ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к (╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪к) ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж (┘И╪╣╪п█Т) ╪к╪и┌╛█М ╪п╪▒╪│╪к █Б┘И╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪м╪и ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪│╪к █Б┘И█Ф

2. ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е

“╪╖╪з╪╣╪к” ╪│█Т ┘Е╪▒╪з╪п ┘И█Б ╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪к █М╪з ┘Б╪▒┘Е╪з┘Ж╪и╪▒╪п╪з╪▒█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и █М╪з ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж█Т ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф “┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж” █М╪з ╪╣█Б╪п ╪│█Т ┘Е╪▒╪з╪п ┘И█Б ┘И╪╣╪п█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и █М╪з ┌й╪│█М ╪п┘И╪│╪▒█Т ╪┤╪о╪╡ ╪│█Т ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й█Б█Б ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ╪│╪и ┌Ж█М╪▓┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘Е┌й┘Е┘Д ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И ╪│┌й╪к╪з ╪м╪и ╪к┌й ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┘В╪п╪▒ ┘Е╪н┘И ┘Ж█Б █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪ж█Т ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪к┘Е╪з┘Е ┘И╪╣╪п┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪│┌Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ╪│█Т ┘╛┘И╪▒╪з ┌й╪▒█Т█Ф ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪╣┘Е┘Д ╪к╪и┌╛█М ╪│┌Ж╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪│╪к █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ╪│█Т █М█Б ┘Ж┌й┘Д╪к╪з █Б┘И█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к (╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪к) ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж (┘И╪╣╪п█Т) ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒█М ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪м╪и ╪к┌й ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ┘И ╪п┘Е╪з╪║ ┘Е█М┌║ █М┌й╪│┘И ┘Ж█Б █Б┘И╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘И╪╣╪п█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪з╪к ╪и┌╛█М ╪│┌Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И ╪│┌й╪к█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪│┌Ж█М ╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И╪╣╪п┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪к┌й┘Е█М┘Д ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к █Б█М █Б┘И ╪│┌й╪к█М █Б█Т ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┌й┘Е┘Д ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪о┘Д╪╡ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н┘И █Б┘И█Ф

3. ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ “┘Е╪│╪к” ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ “┘Е╪│╪к” ┌й╪з ┘Д┘Б╪╕ ╪з┌й╪л╪▒ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б ┘Д┘Б╪╕ ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ╪к╪╡┘И╪▒ “┘Е╪│╪к” ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й█Т ╪н┘И╪з┘Д█Т ╪│█Т █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з╪│ ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Ж┘Б╪│ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪п█М ╪│█Т ╪в╪▓╪з╪п █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪з╪ж┘Д █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з “┘Е╪│╪к” █Б┘И┘Ж╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т█Ф

“┘Е╪│╪к” █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и █М█Б ╪и┌╛█М █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪в╪▒╪▓┘И╪д┌║ ╪│█Т ╪в╪▓╪з╪п █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪з╪│ ╪з╪╣┘Д█М┘░ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪к┘И╪м█Б █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪│█Т ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ “╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к” █М╪з “┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к” ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘И╪╣╪п┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪о┘Д┘И╪╡ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┌Ж╪з╪ж█М ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪з┘Ж╪м╪з┘Е ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┌й┘Е┘Д ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪║╪▒┘В █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

4. ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б: ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м ┘╛╪з█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪и┌╛█М ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█М █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з█М┌й ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Б █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й╪з ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒█М ╪н╪│┘Ж ╪к┌й ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪│█Т ╪и█М┘╣┌╛╪з █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪ж█М ╪и╪з╪▒ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪│┌Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о┘И╪п█М ╪│█Т ╪в╪▓╪з╪п ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪в╪┤┘Ж╪з ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф “┘Е╪│╪к” █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤╪з╪к╪М ╪к┌й╪з┘Д█М┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪┤┌й┘Д╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛┘И┘Д ┌й╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б█М ┘И╪м█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж ╪з╪│█М ┘И┘В╪к ╪п╪▒╪│╪к █Б┘И╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з╪│ ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪│╪к █Б┘И╪М ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘И╪╣╪п┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪п┘Д ┘И ╪м╪з┘Ж ╪│█Т ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

5. ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪з┌й╪л╪▒ ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ “╪╖╪з╪╣╪к” ╪з┘И╪▒ “┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж” ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒█М ╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И╪╣╪п█Т ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█М┌║╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й ╪│┌Ж█М ╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪к ╪к╪и █Б█М ┘Е┘Е┌й┘Ж █Б█Т ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ╪о╪п╪з █М╪з ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪║╪▒┘В █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪ж█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪и╪║█М╪▒ ╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪к ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪з█М┌й ╪▒╪│┘Е█М ╪╣┘Е┘Д ╪и┘Ж ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪з╪│█М ╪╖╪▒╪н “┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж” █М╪з ┘И╪╣╪п█Т ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ╪к┌й ╪│┌Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И ╪│┌й╪к█Т ╪м╪и ╪к┌й ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ┘И ╪п┘Е╪з╪║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛┘И╪▒█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪о┘Д╪╡ ┘Ж█Б █Б┘И█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И╪╣╪п┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┘Е╪╣╪з┘Е┘Д╪з╪к ╪│█Т ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒ ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█М┌║█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪м┘И ┘И╪╣╪п█Т ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪▓┘Е ┌й╪з ╪з╪╕█Б╪з╪▒ █Б┘И┌║█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б “┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к ┘И ┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж ╪п╪▒╪│╪к ╪з╪▓ ┘Е┘Ж ┘Е╪│╪к” ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Е█М┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪╖╪з╪╣╪к (╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪к) ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛█М┘Е╪з┘Ж (┘И╪╣╪п█Т) ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ╪к┌й ╪│┌Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪│╪к ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И ╪│┌й╪к█Т ╪м╪и ╪к┌й ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ┘И ╪п┘Е╪з╪║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н┘И ┘Ж█Б █Б┘И█Ф “┘Е╪│╪к” █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘И╪╣╪п█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪з╪к ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ┘Ж┌й┘Д ┌й╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪│╪к █Б┘И ┘╛╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з █М█Б ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪п╪╣┘И╪к ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“The Meaning of Obedience and Oaths in My Intoxicated State” тАУ HafezтАЩs Ghazal

Hafez Shirazi’s poetry is generally a blend of mystical and romantic states. His verses express love, closeness to God, and the internal truths of the human soul. “The Meaning of Obedience and Oaths in My Intoxicated State” is a line from one of Hafez’s ghazals, carrying a profound spiritual message. In this line, Hafez aims to explain that human obedience and promises cannot be true and correct unless a person is immersed in the intoxication of love throughout their life.

This article will provide a deep analysis of this line, understand its details, and explore its mystical, philosophical, and spiritual meanings.

The Meaning of “The Meaning of Obedience and Oaths in My Intoxicated State”

The translation of the line is: “Obedience and oaths are correct when I am intoxicated.” In this, Hafez refers to “meaning” as purpose, “obedience” as worship or submission, and “oaths” as promises or vows. The word “intoxicated” is a key term here, meaning to be in a state of drunkenness or ecstasy, implying that a person is overwhelmed by their emotions and detached from their senses. Here, “intoxicated” refers to someone who has become deeply immersed in the intoxication of love or spirituality.

1. The Spiritual Interpretation of “Intoxicated”

Being “intoxicated” signifies a spiritual state. It does not just mean physical intoxication or pleasure, but rather points to a mystical state in which a person is so close to the divine or the beloved that they lose themselves in this connection. When a person is in such a state, they become indifferent to worldly affairs, immersed only in the love of the beloved or God. Hafez here suggests that only when a person is completely absorbed in love or divine intoxication, their obedience and promises become true and correct.

In other words, Hafez is saying that only when a person steps outside their rational senses and becomes absorbed in the intoxication of love or spirituality, do their oaths and worship become sincere and heartfelt. Their obedience (worship) and promises (oaths) are true only when they are immersed in love.

2. The Meaning of Obedience and Oaths

“Obedience” refers to the worship or submission a person gives to the beloved or God. “Oaths” or promises are the vows a person makes to their beloved or another. In this line, Hafez is saying that the purpose of these actions cannot be fully realized unless the person becomes so absorbed in love that they fulfill all their promises sincerely. Obedience and oaths are valid when they come from the depths of the heart.

For Hafez, obedience (worship) and oaths (promises) are not just external acts but reflections of an internal state. Unless a person is mentally and emotionally unified, their promises and worship cannot be true. Hafez emphasizes that only when a person is truly immersed in love, their acts of worship and fulfilling promises can be authentic.

3. The Symbol of “Intoxicated” in Hafez’s Poetry

The word “intoxicated” appears frequently in Hafez’s poetry, and it symbolizes not only a physical state but also a spiritual and mystical condition. Hafez’s idea of “intoxication” suggests that in this state, a person becomes detached from their ego and self-centeredness, turning toward God and love. In his poetry, being “intoxicated” symbolizes spiritual awakening and the intensity of love.

Being “intoxicated” also means that a person moves away from worldly desires and wishes and is drawn toward a higher reality, which Hafez describes as “the love of God” or “the love of the beloved.” In this state, the person fulfills their promises and worship with sincerity and truth because they are completely immersed in their spirituality and love.

4. Hafez’s Philosophy: The Fusion of Spirituality and Love

HafezтАЩs poetry beautifully blends spirituality and love. His verses do not just talk about physical love but also contain deep spiritual and mystical truths. To Hafez, love is a path through which a person can discover their spiritual reality. The beauty of the beloved, in his poetry, is not just outward but is a symbol of divine love, deeply rooted in the human heart.

Hafez often states that true love frees a person from ego and helps them understand their true self. In the state of “intoxication,” a person forgets their desires, pains, and difficulties, and instead, they recognize the truth of their soul. That is why Hafez says that obedience and promises are only valid when a person is “intoxicated,” because in this state, they perform their oaths and worship with full sincerity and devotion.

5. The Role of Obedience and Oaths in Hafez’s Ghazals

Many of HafezтАЩs ghazals reference love and obedience. In his poetry, “obedience” and “oaths” are not merely external rituals and promises; they represent an internal condition and a spiritual connection. To Hafez, true worship is possible only when a person is deeply immersed in the love of God or the beloved. Without this, worship becomes a mere formal act.

Similarly, “oaths” or promises cannot be true unless a person is entirely sincere in their heart and mind. In HafezтАЩs poetry, promises are not only about worldly matters; they represent a person’s spiritual journey. He emphasizes that the promises a person makes should reflect their spiritual essence and commitment.

Conclusion

HafezтАЩs line “The Meaning of Obedience and Oaths in My Intoxicated State” carries a deep, philosophical message: obedience (worship) and promises (oaths) cannot be true and correct unless a person is immersed in love and spirituality. In a state of “intoxication,” a person recognizes their inner truth, and only then can their promises and acts of worship emerge from the depths of their heart. This message from Hafez’s poetry continues to invite humanity to understand the essence of spirituality and love.

╪║╪▓┘Д ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕: “╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪з╪▒┌п┘З ┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┘Ж ┘З┘Е┘З ┘Ж█М╪│╪к

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪┤┘В╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Е╪╢╪з┘Е█М┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б█М┌║ ╪п┘И╪│╪▒█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣┘Е█М┘В ╪и╪╡█М╪▒╪к ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б “╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪з╪▒┌п┘З ┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┘Ж ┘З┘Е┘З ┘Ж█М╪│╪к” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌С█Т ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╢┘Е┘И┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘Е ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪к╪┤╪▒█М╪н ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ┌й┘И ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪│█Т ╪м╪з┘Ж┌Ж█М┌║ ┌п█Т█Ф

“╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪з╪▒┌п┘З ┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┘Ж ┘З┘Е┘З ┘Ж█М╪│╪к” ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е:

┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б “╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪з╪▒┌п┘З ┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┘Ж ┘З┘Е┘З ┘Ж█М╪│╪к” ┌й╪з ╪к╪▒╪м┘Е█Б ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪ж█Т ╪к┘И █М█Б ╪з╪│ ╪╖╪▒╪н █Б┘И┌п╪з: “┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж (╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘И ┌й╪з╪ж┘Ж╪з╪к) ┌й█Т ┌й╪з╪▒╪о╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з╪│ ╪│█Т ┌й█Б█М┌║ ┌й┘Е █Б█Т ╪м╪к┘Ж╪з ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф” ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й█М █Б█Т█Ф “┌й╪з╪▒┌п┘З ┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж” ╪│█Т ┘Е╪▒╪з╪п █Б█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й╪з╪ж┘Ж╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪к┘Е╪з┘Е ╪з╪┤█М╪з╪б╪М ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Ж╪╕╪з┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б╪з┌║ █М█Б ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪м┘И ┌й┌Ж┌╛ █Б┘Е ╪з╪│ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п█М┌й┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ┘И█Б ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з╪ж┘Ж╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п █М╪з ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й╪з █М█Б ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ╪и█Б╪к ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ █Б█Т█Ф

1. ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й╪з╪ж┘Ж╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪╕╪▒█М█Б:

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪и╪╡█М╪▒╪к ┘╛╪з╪ж█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м┌╛┘И┘╣█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪к╪╣╪п╪п ┘Е╪▒╪к╪и█Б ╪з╪│ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪╕█Б╪з╪▒ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┌Ж█М╪▓█М┌║ █Б┘Е█М┌║ ┘В█М┘Е╪к█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪│╪к┘В┘Д ┘Е╪╣┘Д┘И┘Е █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█М┌║╪М ┘И█Б ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪п┌╛╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Б█Б ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф

“╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪з╪▒┌п┘З ┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┘Ж ┘З┘Е┘З ┘Ж█М╪│╪к” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪│█М ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б ╪и╪к╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┌п╪▒┌Ж█Б █Б┘Е ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘И╪│█М╪╣ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▒ ╪м┌п█Б ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ┘Е┌п╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п █М╪з ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ╪м┌п█Б █Б█Т ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █М╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ┘И╪з╪╢╪н ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪м╪з┘Ж┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з╪│ ╪│█Т ╪в┌п█Т ┌й█М ┌Ж█М╪▓┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪║┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф

2. ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М:

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ╪о█М╪з┘Д █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪м┘И ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪в╪о╪▒┌й╪з╪▒ ┘Е┘╣█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘Д ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ╪и╪з╪▒ ╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ┘╛█М┌Ж┌╛╪з ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪│┌Ж╪з╪ж█М ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з█Ф

“╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪з╪▒┌п┘З ┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┘Ж ┘З┘Е┘З ┘Ж█М╪│╪к” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┘И█Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т ╪м┘И █Б┘Е ╪п█М┌й┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪н┘В█М┘В█М ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┘И█Б █Б█Т ╪м┘И █Б┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪│█Т ╪в┌п█Т ╪м╪з ┌й╪▒ ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з╪ж┘Ж╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪н┘В█М┘В█М ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з╪│ ╪│█Т ┌й█Б█М┌║ ╪▓█М╪з╪п█Б ╪╣┘Е█М┘В █Б█Т ╪м┘И █Б┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ┘╛╪▒ ╪и╪з╪▒ ╪и╪з╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

3. ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М:

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪▓╪з┘И█М█Б ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ┘╛╪з█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪и┘Ж█М █Б█Т█Ф “╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪з╪▒┌п┘З ┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┘Ж ┘З┘Е┘З ┘Ж█М╪│╪к” ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б ╪и╪к╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┌п╪▒ ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌Ж█М╪▓┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪к┘И╪м█Б ╪▒█Б╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к┘И ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪и█М┌п╪з┘Ж█Б ╪▒█Б ╪м╪з╪ж█Т ┌п╪з█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪з█М┌й ┘╛╪▒╪п█Б █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘╛█М┌Ж┌╛█Т ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█М █Б┘И╪ж█М █Б█Т ╪м╪│█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ┌й█М ╪м┌╛┘Д┌й█М╪з┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┌й┌╛╪з╪ж█М ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘╛█М┌Ж┌╛█Т ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪║█М╪и ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ╪о█М╪з┘Д █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒█М ┌Ж┘Е┌й ╪п┘Е┌й ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б╪▒█М╪и █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з╪│ ╪│█Т ╪в┌п█Т ╪п█М┌й┌╛┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф

4. ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣█М╪┤ ┘И ┘Ж╪┤╪з╪╖ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е:

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣█М╪┤ ┘И ┘Ж╪┤╪з╪╖ ┌й╪з ╪к╪╡┘И╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж ╪╣█М╪┤┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪о┘И╪┤█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з┘Ж╪к╪╕╪з╪▒ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф “╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪з╪▒┌п┘З ┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┘Ж ┘З┘Е┘З ┘Ж█М╪│╪к” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ █М█Б ╪и┌╛█М ┌й█Б█Б ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ╪и┌╛█М ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ┘Б╪▒█М╪и █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й ╪╣█М╪┤ ┘И ┘Ж╪┤╪з╪╖ ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █М█Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н┘И █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌п╪▓╪з╪▒█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж█Т ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛ ╪│┌й█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з █М█Б█М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б █Б┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪в┌п█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪╖┘Е█М┘Ж╪з┘Ж ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

5. ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒:

“╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪з╪▒┌п┘З ┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┘Ж ┘З┘Е┘З ┘Ж█М╪│╪к” ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и╪╡█М╪▒╪к ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪и╪к╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з╪│█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒╪м┘И╪╣ ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б┘И┌п╪з█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ┌Ж┌╛┘╛╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ┘╛█М┌Ж┌╛╪з ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф

█М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б █Б┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪и╪к╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘╛█М┌Ж┌╛█Т ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█Т █Б┘И╪ж█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘В╪п┘Е ╪и┌С┌╛╪з┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ╪к┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣█М╪┤ ┘И ╪в╪▒╪з┘Е ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з█М┌й ┘Б╪▒█М╪и █Б█М┌║╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ┘Б╪▒█М╪и ╪│█Т ╪и╪з█Б╪▒ ┘Ж┌й┘Д ┌й╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф

6. ┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б:

“╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪з╪▒┌п┘З ┌й┘И┘Ж ┘И ┘Е┌й╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┘Ж ┘З┘Е┘З ┘Ж█М╪│╪к” ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И █М█Б ╪и╪к╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪з╪┤█М╪з╪б ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪з█М┌й ┘╛╪▒╪п█Б █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘╛█М┌Ж┌╛█Т ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█М █Б┘И╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪║█М╪и ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒█М ┌Ж┘Е┌й ╪п┘Е┌й ┌й█Т ┘╛█М┌Ж┌╛█Т ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й╪▒█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛█Т█Ф

╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й╪з ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ╪╣█М╪┤ ┘И ╪в╪▒╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н┘И █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪и┌╛┘И┘Д┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪и╪м╪з╪ж█Т ╪з╪│█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪к┘И╪м█Б █Б┘И┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б┘И╪ж█Т ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘╛█М┌Ж┌╛█Т ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█Т █Б┘И╪ж█Т ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪н╪з┘Б╪╕ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪и╪╡█М╪▒╪к ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█М █Б┘И╪ж█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б █Б█Т█Ф

Hafez’s Ghazal: “The Outcome of the Workshop of Existence and Space Is Not as Much as It Seems”

Hafez ShiraziтАЩs poetry is a beautiful fusion of mystical, philosophical, and romantic themes. In his poetry, on one hand, he describes the internal state of the human soul and its spiritual quest, and on the other, there is deep insight into life, love, the transient nature of the world, and the essence of human existence. In one of Hafez’s famous verses, “The Outcome of the Workshop of Existence and Space Is Not as Much as It Seems”, the poet expresses the transient nature of the world and its true essence in a deeply philosophical manner.

In this essay, we will explore the meaning of this line, its interpretation, and its place in HafezтАЩs poetry.

Meaning of “The Outcome of the Workshop of Existence and Space Is Not as Much as It Seems”

The translation of the line “The Outcome of the Workshop of Existence and Space Is Not as Much as It Seems” would be: “The result of the workshop of existence and space (the world and the universe) is much less than it appears.” In this verse, Hafez attempts to understand the true nature of the world. “Workshop of Existence and Space” refers to the entire universe, its system, and its purpose. Here, Hafez is suggesting that what we see in this world is not the true purpose or essence of the universe. In his poetry, the transient and temporary aspect of the world is highly prominent.

1. HafezтАЩs View on the Reality of the World and the Universe:

HafezтАЩs poetry offers profound insight into the nature of the world. To him, the world is temporary, and humans come here only for a short time. He acknowledges that what we see in this world is actually a transient and illusory truth. Many times in his poetry, Hafez has expressed that the things we find valuable and permanent in this world ultimately fade away with time.

The line “The Outcome of the Workshop of Existence and Space Is Not as Much as It Seems” points to this very concept. Hafez is telling us that, although we see the world as vast and magnificent, its true purpose or outcome is something else entirely. This world is merely a temporary place where one cannot discover the true essence or purpose of human existence. He intends to highlight that humans must understand the transient nature of the world and seek deeper truths beyond it.

2. The Transience of the World and Human Life:

Hafez believes that to understand the reality of the world, humans must also accept their own transient nature. Everything a person gains in this world eventually turns to dust. Hafez often mentions in his poetry that chasing the pleasures of the world and its loves will never lead one to the truth.

In “The Outcome of the Workshop of Existence and Space Is Not as Much as It Seems”, Hafez emphasizes that the true outcome of the world is not what we see with our eyes. The real purpose is what we can comprehend when we look beyond. The actual outcome of this universe is much more profound than what appears to us. In HafezтАЩs poetry, the transient nature of the world and its temporary aspects are constantly reiterated.

3. The Philosophical Nature of HafezтАЩs Poetry:

HafezтАЩs poetry carries a distinct philosophical perspective, focusing on understanding the reality of the world and the purpose of human life. Through the line “The Outcome of the Workshop of Existence and Space Is Not as Much as It Seems”, Hafez conveys that if a person remains preoccupied with worldly pleasures and things, they will remain ignorant of their true essence. To Hafez, the reality of the world is merely a veil, behind which a deep spiritual truth is hidden, and it is this truth that humans must strive to discover.

HafezтАЩs poetry also reflects the ideas of Sufism and mystical philosophy. He encourages humans to recognize the transience of the world and search for the truth behind it. To Hafez, there is deception in the worldтАЩs outward glitter, and one must look beyond it to understand their true essence and purpose.

4. The Concept of Enjoyment and Pleasure in HafezтАЩs Poetry:

The concept of enjoyment and pleasure also holds significance in HafezтАЩs poetry, though he views such pleasures as transient and fleeting. According to Hafez, humans should not wait for happiness and peace in worldly pleasures alone, but rather focus on discovering their spiritual truth. In “The Outcome of the Workshop of Existence and Space Is Not as Much as It Seems”, Hafez suggests that everything visible in this world is just a temporary illusion, and that a personтАЩs true purpose is to understand the reality of spirituality and love.

To him, the true meaning of enjoyment and pleasure is not found in immersing oneself in worldly indulgences but in reaching a spiritual state where one can understand their ultimate purpose. HafezтАЩs philosophy is evident in this line, emphasizing that there is a deeper truth beyond the apparent reality of the world, which offers peace and contentment.

5. HafezтАЩs Message and the Spiritual Journey of Humanity:

Through “The Outcome of the Workshop of Existence and Space Is Not as Much as It Seems”, Hafez provides humanity with a deep spiritual insight. He tells humans that to understand the truth of the world, they must turn toward spirituality. In HafezтАЩs poetry, there is an implicit message that a personтАЩs true purpose is not the pursuit of worldly success and pleasures, but the understanding of their spiritual reality.

This line also implies that humans must accept the transience of the world and take steps towards the hidden spiritual purpose behind it. For Hafez, all worldly pleasures and comforts are essentially illusions, and humans must transcend these illusions to discover their true essence.

6. Conclusion:

“The Outcome of the Workshop of Existence and Space Is Not as Much as It Seems” is a significant and profound line in HafezтАЩs poetry, in which he speaks about the transient nature of the world and the reality of its impermanence. Through this line, Hafez attempts to tell humanity that the world and its objects are merely a veil, behind which a deeper spiritual truth is hidden. He encourages people to look beyond the worldтАЩs superficial glitter and seek the hidden truth and their spiritual essence.

HafezтАЩs message is that humans should not be immersed in the pleasures of the world and forget their true essence. Instead, they should turn toward spirituality and recognize the transience of the world, while discovering its hidden purpose. HafezтАЩs poetry is filled with mystical philosophy and deep insight, which continues to serve as a guiding light for humanity today.

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И: ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒╪М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪┤╪╣╪▒╪з╪б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘╛┘И╪▒╪з ┘Ж╪з┘Е “╪з╪и┘И╪з┘Д╪н╪│┘Ж █М┘Е█М┘Ж ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ╪о╪│╪▒┘И” ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б 1253 ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п█Б┘Д█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪п╪з █Б┘И╪ж█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ “╪о╪│╪▒┘И” █М╪з “╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И” ┌й█Т ┘Д┘В╪и ╪│█Т ╪и┌╛█М ╪м╪з┘Ж╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М╪М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М╪М ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┌й█Т ╪н┘И╪з┘Д█Т ╪│█Т ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛┌С┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┘Ж╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪в█Б┘Ж┌п ┘Ж█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М╪М █Б┘Ж╪п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘П╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┌Ж┌╛┘И┌С█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘Ж┌п█М┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▒ ╪п╪з╪│╪к╪з┘Ж █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘Е█М╪п╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┘И ┘Б┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Д┘И█Б╪з ┘Е┘Ж┘И╪з█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М ╪к┘Ж┘В█М╪п ┌й█М ╪м┌╛┘Д┌й█М╪з┌║ ╪п█М┌й┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й┘И ┘Е┘Д╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ┌Ж┘Е┌й ╪п┘Е┌й ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ ╪и┘Ж╪з█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ┘Д╪░╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И █Б╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪м╪и┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ┘╛█М╪п╪з╪ж╪┤ 1253 ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п█Б┘Д█М ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И╪ж█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪к╪▒┌й█М ┌й█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪о╪з┘Ж╪п╪з┘Ж ╪│█Т ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘И╪з┘Д╪п╪М █М┘И╪│┘Б ╪о╪│╪▒┘И╪М ╪з█М┌й ╪к╪▒┌й█М ┘Ж┌Ш╪з╪п ┘Б┘И╪м█М ╪з┘Б╪│╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т╪М ╪м┘И █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█Т ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪и┌Ж┘╛┘Ж ╪п█Б┘Д█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┌п╪▓╪▒╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪и╪к╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│┘Д╪з┘Е█М ╪╣┘Д┘И┘Е╪М ╪╣╪▒╪и█М╪М ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ╪╣┘Д┘И┘Е ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪п╪│╪к╪▒╪│ ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й█М╪М ╪м┘И ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█Б┘Е ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ╪к┌╛█М█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪з╪и╪к╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪и█М╪к ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д╪п ┌й█Т ╪п┘И╪│╪к┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│╪з╪к╪░█Б ╪│█Т ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й█М█Ф ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪▒╪к╪и█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е┘Д╪з┘В╪з╪к ┘В╪╖╪и ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ╪и╪о╪к█М╪з╪▒ ┌й╪з┌й█М ╪│█Т █Б┘И╪ж█М╪М ╪м┘И ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╣╪▒┘И┘Б ╪╡┘И┘Б█М ╪и╪▓╪▒┌п ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е┘Д╪з┘В╪з╪к ┌й█Т ╪и╪╣╪п ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е┘И┌С ╪в█М╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪з╪ж┘Д █Б┘И╪ж█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪║█М╪и ┘Е┘Д█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б█М ┘И█Б ┘И┘В╪к ╪к┌╛╪з ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в┘Ж█Т ┘Д┌п╪з█Ф

╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п╪и█М ╪о╪п┘Е╪з╪к

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪к█М┘Ж ╪з█Б┘Е ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Д┌й┌╛╪з ┌п█М╪з: ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М╪М █Б┘Ж╪п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘П╪▒╪п┘И█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪▓┘Е╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪и┌С█Т ╪┤╪╣╪▒╪з╪б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤┘Е╪з╪▒ ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б╪М ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪к█Б╪░█М╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м ╪п┌й┌╛╪з╪ж█М ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ┌й█Т ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М╪М ╪▒┘В╪╡ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б ┌й█М╪з█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ “╪║╪▓┘Д” ┌й╪з ╪╣┘Ж╪╡╪▒ ╪и█Б╪к ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Д╪╖╪з┘Б╪к╪М ╪│╪з╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪и┘Ж█М╪з╪п ╪▒┌й┌╛█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б█М ┘И╪м█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪з┘П╪▒╪п┘И ┌й╪з “╪и╪з┘Ж█М” █М╪з “┘Е┘И╪м╪п” ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д█М┌║ ╪з┘П╪▒╪п┘И ┌й█Т ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒╪н ┘И╪з╪▒╪п █Б┘И╪ж█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪и╪╣╪п ╪з┘П╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪и╪з╪и ╪┤╪▒┘И╪╣ █Б┘И╪з█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╣╪┤┘И┘В ┌й█М ╪к╪┤╪и█М█Б╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣╪з╪▒█Т ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М█Т ┌п╪ж█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В█М ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█М┌й ┘И╪│█М┘Д█Б ╪и┘Ж╪з█М╪з ╪к╪з┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к█М ╪о█М╪з┘Д╪з╪к╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з ╪│┌й█М┌║█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒╪з┘Ж█Б ╪│┘Б╪▒ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪║┘Е╪з╪▓ █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪│█Т ╪в┌п█Т ╪и┌С┌╛ ┌й╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪з╪╣┘Д█М┘░ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘В╪п╪│╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪к╪н╪▒┌й ┘В┘И╪к ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪▒╪│┘И┘Д ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌С█М ┘Е█Б╪з╪▒╪к ╪│█Т ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪м┘И ┘В╪│┘Е ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪з╪╣┘Д█М┘░ ╪к╪▒█М┘Ж ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪▒╪┤╪к█Б ┘В╪з╪ж┘Е ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Ж┘Б╪│█М╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Б ╪и┘Ж ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й█Б┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М █М█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪┤┌й┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж█Т ╪в╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪│╪и╪и ╪и┘Ж╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█Т ┘Е█М╪п╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н╪╡█Б

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й┘И ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п█М╪и █Б█М ┘Ж█Б█М┌║╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█Т ┘Е█М╪п╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж┘В┘Д╪з╪и█М ╪к╪и╪п█М┘Д█М╪з┌║ ┌й█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М╪п╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е┘Ж┘Б╪▒╪п ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪о╪к ┘В╪з╪ж┘Е ┌й█М█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪ж█Т ╪│╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒╪з┌п ┌й╪з ╪з╪╢╪з┘Б█Б ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪┤┘Е╪з╪▒ █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█Т ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ┘Е┘И╪м╪п┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ┌й┘Д╪з╪│█М┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪м█Б╪к ╪╣╪╖╪з ┌й█М█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪к╪╣╪п╪п ╪▒╪з┌п┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│╪з╪▓┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┘Е╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б ┌й╪▒╪з█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й┘И ╪к╪▒┌й█М ┌й█Т ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪м┘И┌С ┌й╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘╛█М╪п╪з ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В█М ╪╡┘Д╪з╪н█М╪к┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘В╪и┘И┘Д ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж┘В┘Д╪з╪и ╪и╪▒┘╛╪з ┌й█М╪з╪М ╪з╪│ ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ┌й┘Д╪з╪│█М┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й┘И ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪м█Б╪к┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж╪з╪│ ┌й╪▒╪з█М╪з█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И╪▒╪з╪л╪к

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╣█Б╪п ┌й█Т ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪к┌╛╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М╪М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪в┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█Т ┌й╪ж█М ╪╡╪п█М┘И┌║ ╪к┌й ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┘Е╪▒╪к╪и ┌й█М█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪и┘Ж█М╪з╪п ╪▒┌й┌╛█М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б┘Ж╪п█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪│┘Е╪к ╪п█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪┤█Б╪▒╪к ┘╛╪з╪ж█М█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ┘И╪▒╪з╪л╪к ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖╪з┘Д╪╣█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д█М┌║ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┌п╪з╪ж█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█М┌║╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│╪з╪п┌п█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪к┘И╪м█Б ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ┌й╪з┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ┘И╪▒╪л█Б █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж┘В┘Д╪з╪и ╪и╪▒┘╛╪з ┌й█М╪з╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ╪п█М╪з█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В█М ╪з╪╣╪к╪и╪з╪▒ ╪│█Т ╪и█Т ┘Е╪л╪з┘Д █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й╪з┘Е █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘В█М┘Е╪к█М ┘И╪▒╪л█Б ╪и┘Ж ┌Ж┌й╪з █Б█Т█Ф

Amir Khusro: A Great Poet, Musician, and Mystic

Amir Khusro is one of the most famous and revered poets of India. His full name was “Abu’l-Hasan Yamin al-Din Khusro,” and he was born in 1253 in Delhi. He is also known by the titles “Khusro” or “Amir Khusro.” Amir Khusro’s personality holds great significance in poetry, music, history, and culture. His works are still read and heard worldwide today, and the nature and tone of his poetry have left a profound impact on Persian, Hindi, and Urdu literature.

The life of Amir Khusro is a colorful and magnificent tale in which he showcased his knowledge and artistry in various fields. His poetry reflects themes of mystical philosophy, love, Sufism, and social critique. Khusro’s poetry not only highlighted the splendor of the royal courts but also focused on the issues of the common people and spirituality. His works are a delightful experience that compels everyone to search within their own inner world.

Amir Khusro’s Life and Education

Amir Khusro was born in 1253 in Delhi, and he belonged to a famous Turkish family. His father, Yusuf Khusro, was a Turkish-born military officer who held a significant position in India. Amir Khusro spent his childhood in Delhi, where he received his early education. His education included Islamic sciences, Arabic, Persian, and other subjects. Khusro developed a deep mastery of Persian literature, which was the prominent language of that time.

Amir Khusro received his initial training in poetry from his father’s friends and teachers. At one point, he met Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, a renowned Sufi saint of the time. This meeting marked a turning point in Khusro’s life, leading him towards Sufism. He was inspired to express the deeper truths of mysticism in his poetry, and it was during this time that spirituality and love became prominent themes in his work.

Poetry and Literary Contributions

Amir Khusro wrote poetry in three main languages: Persian, Hindi, and Urdu. His Persian poetry placed him among the greatest poets of his era. His poetry included themes of Sufism, love, and wisdom. His works beautifully blended Indian civilization with Persian poetry. Khusro also incorporated references to Indian music, dance, and culture in his poetry.

One of the most prominent features of Khusro’s poetry is the “ghazal” form. His ghazals exhibit delicacy, simplicity, and beauty, along with a mystical dimension. Amir Khusro’s poetry laid the foundation for Urdu poetry, which is why he is considered the “founder” or “originator” of Urdu. His ghazals breathed new life into Urdu literature and ushered in a new era of Urdu poetry.

The metaphors and comparisons used in Amir Khusro’s poetry, especially regarding the beloved and lover, reflect the social and spiritual realities of that time. Khusro used poetry not only as a creative endeavor but also as a means to convey his social thoughts, spirituality, and the truths of love to the people.

Amir Khusro’s Poetry of Mysticism and Love

Amir Khusro’s works reflect Sufism and love. His poetic journey reveals that he sought a higher, spiritual love beyond worldly affection. Khusro’s poetry presents love as a sacred, spiritual, and dynamic force. His verses skillfully describe the love of God, the love for the Prophet, and the significance of spiritual elevation.

The type of love described in Khusro’s work illustrates the highest form of love, which is an attempt to establish a deep connection between humanity and God. In his ghazals, love becomes a pathway to reaching the depths of human psychology and spirituality. Khusro believed that this love only manifests in the form of spiritual awakening, which leads to discovering the divine light within oneself.

Amir Khusro’s Contribution to Music

Amir Khusro is not only regarded as a poet and writer but also as a great musician. He brought revolutionary changes to the field of music and established his unique identity in this area. Khusro introduced new melodies and ragas to Indian music. He is considered one of the greatest innovators in Indian classical music, and his musical contributions gave Indian classical music a new dimension.

Khusro introduced numerous ragas and instruments and blended Indian music with Turkish music to create a new style. His creative abilities helped make Indian music famous worldwide. The revolution he brought to music introduced new dimensions to Indian classical music.

Amir Khusro’s Influence and Legacy

Amir Khusro’s influence was not only felt by the people of his time but also by generations to come. His poetry, music, and mystical teachings had a profound impact on India and the world for centuries. His poetry not only laid the foundation for Urdu poetry but also gave new directions to Persian and Hindi literature. His verses gained popularity not only in royal courts but also among the common people.

The legacy of Amir Khusro’s poetry is still alive today. His works are studied, and his teachings continue to resonate with people. His ghazals are still sung, and the depth and simplicity of his poetry continue to captivate audiences. The blend of spirituality, love, music, and social realities in Khusro’s poetry continues to illuminate the lives of people around the world.

Conclusion

Amir Khusro’s life and works represent a rich cultural heritage. His poetry not only revolutionized the world of literature but also gave Indian culture a new hue through his music. Khusro’s works are not only creative masterpieces but also contain reflections on humanity, spirituality, and the truths of love. His poetry and music remain alive in the hearts of people worldwide, and his contributions have become an invaluable legacy for all time.

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И: “╪з╪и╪▒ ┘Е█М ╪и╪з╪▒╪п ┘И ┘Е┘Ж ┘Е█МтАМ╪┤┘И┘Е ╪з╪▓ █М╪з╪▒ ╪м╪п╪з

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И╪М ╪м╪│█Т ╪║╪з┘Д╪и╪з┘Л “┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й╪з ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е” ╪з┘И╪▒ “╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪┤╪з█Б” ┌й█Б╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒╪М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ╪к┌╛█Т ╪м┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В█М ╪╡┘Д╪з╪н█М╪к┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж┘Р ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘Ж┘Б╪▒╪п ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪и┘Ж╪з█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М╪М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┌й╪▒█М ╪и╪╡█М╪▒╪к ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪к█Б╪░█М╪и ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ╪п█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪п╪и ┘И ┘Б┘Ж┘И┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Е╪з█Б╪▒█М┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤┘Е╪з╪▒ ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪к┌╛█М╪М ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪╡╪з┘Б ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б █Б█Т: “╪з╪и╪▒ ┘Е█М ╪и╪з╪▒╪п ┘И ┘Е┘Ж ┘Е█МтАМ╪┤┘И┘Е ╪з╪▓ █М╪з╪▒ ╪м╪п╪з” ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪║┘Е┌п█М┘Ж ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┘Е╪╣┘Ж█М ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Д┘Б╪╕█М ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е ╪к┌й ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Е█М┘В ┘Б┌й╪▒█М╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ╪и┌╛█М ┌Ж┌╛┘╛╪з █Б┘И╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╢┘Е┘И┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘Е ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й█М ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪│█Т ╪к╪┤╪▒█М╪н ┌й╪▒█М┌║ ┌п█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б┌й╪▒█М ┘И ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖╪з┘Д╪╣█Б ┌й╪▒█М┌║ ┌п█Т█Ф

“╪з╪и╪▒ ┘Е█М ╪и╪з╪▒╪п ┘И ┘Е┘Ж ┘Е█МтАМ╪┤┘И┘Е ╪з╪▓ █М╪з╪▒ ╪м╪п╪з” ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й┘И “╪з╪и╪▒ ┘Е█М ╪и╪з╪▒╪п ┘И ┘Е┘Ж ┘Е█МтАМ╪┤┘И┘Е ╪з╪▓ █М╪з╪▒ ╪м╪п╪з” ┌й╪з ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪к╪▒╪м┘Е█Б ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪ж█Т ╪к┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и ┌й┌Ж┌╛ █М┘И┌║ ╪и┘Ж█Т ┌п╪з: “╪и╪з╪▒╪┤ ╪и╪▒╪│ ╪▒█Б█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪│█Т ╪м╪п╪з █Б┘И ╪▒█Б╪з █Б┘И┌║█Ф” ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪│╪з╪п█Б ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪з╪▒╪┤ ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪│█Т ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ █Б█Т╪М ┘Е┌п╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Е┘Б╪з█Б█М┘Е ┘╛┘И╪┤█М╪п█Б █Б█М┌║█Ф

1. ╪и╪з╪▒╪┤ ┌й╪з ╪к╪╡┘И╪▒:

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪з╪▒╪┤ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к█М ╪╣┘Ж╪╡╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д █Б┘И╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪и╪з╪▒╪┤ ┌й┘И ╪╣┘Е┘И┘Е╪з┘Л ╪▒╪н┘Е╪к╪М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Т ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪п█М┌й┌╛╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ╪▒╪н┘Е╪к╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪│┌й█М┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Ж╪▓┘И┘Д █Б┘И ╪▒█Б╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪з╪▒╪┤ ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ╪з┌й╪л╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪и ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪║┘Е┌п█М┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪п ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б╪з █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б╪з┌║ “╪и╪з╪▒╪┤” ╪з█М┌й ┘Д╪╖█М┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Ж╪▒┘Е ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪п ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪и╪з╪▒╪┤ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪п╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪ж█Т█Ф ╪и╪з╪▒╪┤ ┌й█Т ┘╛╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘Д ┌й╪▒ ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ┘Ж█М╪з ┘╛█М╪п╪з █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪╡┘Д╪з╪н█М╪к █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б ╪┤╪и█М█Б ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ╪в╪к█М █Б█Т ╪м╪и ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪│█Т ╪м╪п╪з █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪п╪▒╪п┘Ж╪з┌й ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й╪з ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж╪з █Б┘И ╪▒█Б╪з █Б┘И╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪з╪│ ╪п╪▒╪п ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

2. ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪│█Т ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М:

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т “┘Е┘Ж ┘Е█МтАМ╪┤┘И┘Е ╪з╪▓ █М╪з╪▒ ╪м╪п╪з” ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪│█Т ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й╪│█М ╪п┘И╪▒█М █М╪з ┘Б╪з╪╡┘Д█Б ┌й╪з ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж╪з ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪│█Т ╪м╪п╪з █Б┘И ╪▒█Б╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й█М █М█Б ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И┘Е╪з┘Ж┘И█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪к╪┤╪и█М█Б █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з █М╪з ┘Е╪╣╪┤┘И┘В ┌й█Т ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒┌й┌╛╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п┌п█М ╪к┌й ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к╪з╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М █Б╪│╪к█М █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ╪│█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й█М █М█Б ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪к╪м╪▒╪и█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒█М┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б█М ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪м╪з┘Ж╪и ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ┘Д╪░╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

3. ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪к╪╡┘И╪▒:

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪к╪╡┘И╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│█Т ┘И█Б ╪з┌й╪л╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘╛╪│ ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ┘И█Б ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪│█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪и┌╛█М ╪м╪п╪з █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й █М█Б ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪з█М┌й ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪│┘Б╪▒ ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з╪│ ╪│█Т ┌й█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И╪│█М╪╣ █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ┘Д█М█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘В╪п╪│ ╪╣┘Ж╪╡╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й █М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪к┌й┘Е█М┘Д ┌й╪з ╪н╪╡█Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ┌й╪и┌╛█М ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┘И╪│█М┘Д█Б ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪│█Т ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪п╪п┌п╪з╪▒ ╪л╪з╪и╪к █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

4. ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б:

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪│█Т ╪и┌╛╪▒┘╛┘И╪▒ █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪к╪╡┘И╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к┌С┘╛ ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪и╪з╪╖┘Ж ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪з ┌й╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й█М █М█Б ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к╪М ╪м┘И ┌й╪и┌╛█М ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ╪│█Т █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪│█Т █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪к┌й┘Е█М┘Д ┌й█М ╪м╪з┘Ж╪и ╪з█М┌й ┘В╪п┘Е █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪п┌й┌╛╪з█М╪з ┌й█Б ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪п┘Ж█М┘И█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ┘Б╪з╪╡┘Д█Б ╪з╪о╪к█М╪з╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б█М ┘И╪м█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪л╪и╪к ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪░╪з╪к ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

5. ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М:

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й┘И ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪и╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ┌й█Т ╪│┘Ж┌п┘Е ┘╛╪▒ ┌й┌╛┌С╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ┌й█Т ╪з╪и╪к╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪▒┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б┘Ж╪п█М ┌й█Т ╪╣┘Ж╪з╪╡╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪м┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪и┘Ж█М╪з╪п ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д█М╪з╪к█М ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪и┘Ж╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪п╪▒╪п╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█Т ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪и╪н╪л ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

“╪з╪и╪▒ ┘Е█М ╪и╪з╪▒╪п ┘И ┘Е┘Ж ┘Е█МтАМ╪┤┘И┘Е ╪з╪▓ █М╪з╪▒ ╪м╪п╪з” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ╪з╪│ ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й╪з ╪н╪╡█Б █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ┘И╪м┘И╪п ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪╖╪з┘Д╪и ╪╣┘Д┘Е┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п█М╪и┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б █Б█Т█Ф

6. ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И╪▒╪з╪л╪к:

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М╪М ╪н╪│┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Д╪╖╪з┘Б╪к ╪к┌╛█М╪М ┘И█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪к┘Ж╪з ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ┘Б┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪п┘И╪▒ ┘Д█Т ┌й╪▒ ╪в╪ж█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д█М┌║╪М ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒┘И┌║╪М ╪з╪п█М╪и┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪н┘И╪╡┘Д█Б ╪з┘Б╪▓╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪│╪и╪и █Б█М┌║█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б:

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М╪М ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█Т ╪з╪м╪▓╪з╪б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ╪и┌╛╪▒ ╪п█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д█М╪з╪к█М ╪о┘И╪┤╪и┘И █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п █Б█Т█Ф “╪з╪и╪▒ ┘Е█М ╪и╪з╪▒╪п ┘И ┘Е┘Ж ┘Е█МтАМ╪┤┘И┘Е ╪з╪▓ █М╪з╪▒ ╪м╪п╪з” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪м┘И ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м ┘╛╪з█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М █Б┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й┘И ╪п█М┌й┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪║█М╪и ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

Amir Khusro: “The Cloud Rains and I Become Separated from My Beloved”

Amir Khusro, often referred to as the “Imam of Music” and the “King of Poetry,” was a great Persian and Urdu poet, musician, and courtier who created a unique place in world literature and the fine arts with his creative abilities. His poetry, music, and intellectual insight not only added a new dimension to Indian civilization but also earned him recognition among experts in literature and arts worldwide. The depth in his personality is clearly reflected in his poetry.

One of Amir Khusro’s famous lines is: “The cloud rains and I become separated from my beloved,” which represents his mystical and sorrowful poetry. The meaning hidden within this line is not merely its literal interpretation but also carries deep philosophical, intellectual, and spiritual dimensions. In this article, we will explore the deeper meanings of this line and study Amir KhusroтАЩs spiritual and intellectual world through his poetry.

Meaning of “The Cloud Rains and I Become Separated from My Beloved”

If we translate Amir Khusro’s line “The cloud rains and I become separated from my beloved” into Urdu, it would mean: “It is raining, and I am separated from my beloved.” This line presents a simple image of rain and separation from the beloved, but within it, there are profound spiritual and mystical meanings.

  1. The Concept of Rain: In Amir Khusro’s poetry, rain is used as a symbolic element. Rain is often seen as a sign of mercy, awakening, and spirituality. It symbolizes the descent of God’s mercy, love, and comfort. In Khusro’s poetry, rain often appears when the poet is grieving and feeling pain due to separation from the beloved. Here, “rain” symbolizes a subtle and gentle truth that understands human spiritual needs and suffering.

The purpose of creating a rain image is to express the depth and intensity of the poetтАЩs emotions. Rainwater has the ability to create something new, and this imagery in Khusro’s poetry arises when he is going through the painful experience of separation from his beloved and is in search of a new truth within that pain.

  1. Separation from the Beloved: In the line “I become separated from my beloved,” Amir Khusro reflects the feeling of separation from the beloved. This line signifies that the poet is experiencing a distance or separation from his beloved. This feeling of separation is both a romantic and mystical metaphor, where the beloved is placed at the level of God or the divine. For Khusro, the beloved is not just a physical presence but a spiritual entity with whom one has a deep, mystical connection.

This separation is a new experience and a spiritual journey for the poet. In this separation, the human being accepts their weaknesses and humanity, and this acceptance leads them toward spiritual awakening. In this sense, separation is not just physical but also spiritual, where the poet is seeking inner comfort and peace.

  1. The Concept of Separation in Amir Khusro’s Poetry: The theme of separation is significant in Amir Khusro’s poetry, and he often presents it in his ghazals. In his works, separation is depicted within a mystical context, where he talks not only about separation from the beloved but also from the transient nature of the world. For Khusro, this separation symbolizes an internal journey, where the person rises above worldly pleasures and loves to discover a truth that is far greater and broader.

Khusro presents separation as a sacred element in his poetry because, for him, it is a part of the human soul’s fulfillment. Sometimes, in Khusro’s poetry, separation is considered a means of gaining closeness to God, and at other times it is portrayed as a temporary state that helps a person discover their true essence.

  1. Mystical Philosophy in Amir Khusro’s Poetry: Amir Khusro’s works are rich in mystical poetry, and the concept of separation in his poetry conveys a deep mystical message. In his poetry, separation is presented as a spiritual yearning through which a person goes deep into their inner self to recognize their true essence. This feeling of separation, whether from the beloved, the world, or God, is a step toward the completion of the person’s spirituality.

Khusro shows in his poetry that in order to reach spiritual awakening and the ultimate truth, one must distance themselves from worldly relationships and pleasures. This is why separation in his poetry is presented as a positive aspect that leads a person to explore the depths of their own being.

  1. Amir Khusro and Urdu Poetry: Amir Khusro is regarded as the founder of Urdu poetry. His works stand at the intersection of Urdu and Persian, and he integrated the early colors of Urdu into his poetry. His poetry was a blend of Persian and Hindi elements, which not only provided the foundation for the Urdu language but also enhanced its aesthetic beauty. His ghazals discuss themes of love, pain, spirituality, and devotion, which remain significant in Urdu literature to this day.

The line “The cloud rains and I become separated from my beloved” is part of Khusro’s work, where he presents the reality of the world and explores the different aspects of human existence. His poetry continues to serve as a guide for Urdu literature students and writers.

  1. Amir Khusro’s Influence and Legacy: The impact of Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry was not only felt in India but also worldwide. The depth, beauty, and elegance of his works are still alive in people’s hearts. His poetry reflects the spiritual quest of humanity, the truth of love, and the importance of the relationship with God, which continues to guide people.

Khusro’s influence in music and poetry was so profound that he ushered in a new artistic and cultural era. His ghazals, poems, and mystical teachings continue to inspire poets, writers, and musicians today.

Conclusion:

Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry, his musical elements, and his philosophy infused new life into Indian literature and culture. His works are not only an aesthetic delight but also convey deep truths about spirituality and humanity. The line “The cloud rains and I become separated from my beloved” is a symbol of KhusroтАЩs mystical poetry and his internal awakening. The beautiful blend of separation, love, and spirituality found in KhusroтАЩs poetry still inspires us to look at the world in a new light.

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И: “╪п┘Д┘Е ╪п╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪┤┘В█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪┤╪п ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪к╪▒ ╪и╪з╪п

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И╪М ╪м┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪и╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█Т ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ┘╛█М╪┤┘И╪з ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪и┌С█Т ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤┘Е╪з╪▒ █Б┘И╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┘Е╪▒╪к╪и ┌й█М█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е╪н╪╢ ┘Д┘Б╪╕┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ┌й┌╛█М┘Д ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪к┌╛╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Е█М┘В ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б╪М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М╪з┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М █Б┘И╪к█М ╪к┌╛█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В╪М ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к█М┌║╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒┘И┘Ж█М ╪к┌й┘Д█М┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б █Б█Т: “╪п┘Д┘Е ╪п╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪┤┘В█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪┤╪п ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪к╪▒ ╪и╪з╪п” ╪м┘И ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й┘И ┘И╪з╪╢╪н ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╢┘Е┘И┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘Е ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й█М ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪│█Т ╪к╪┤╪▒█М╪н ┌й╪▒█М┌║ ┌п█Т╪М ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й╪з ╪к╪м╪▓█М█Б ┌й╪▒█М┌║ ┌п█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й█Т ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖╪з┘Д╪╣█Б ┌й╪▒█М┌║ ┌п█Т█Ф

“╪п┘Д┘Е ╪п╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪┤┘В█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪┤╪п ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪к╪▒ ╪и╪з╪п” ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з █М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б “╪п┘Д┘Е ╪п╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪┤┘В█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪┤╪п ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪к╪▒ ╪и╪з╪п” ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪п┘Д ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Т ╪в╪▒╪з┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж █Б┘И ┌Ж┌й╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й╪з ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪к╪▒╪м┘Е█Б █М┘И┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т: “┘Е█М╪▒╪з ╪п┘Д ╪╣╪┤┘В ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Т ╪в╪▒╪з┘Е █Б┘И┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М╪▒█М ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и┌С┌╛ ╪м╪з╪ж█Т█Ф”

█М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█Т ╪к╪м╪▒╪и█Т ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ “╪в┘И╪з╪▒┌п█М” ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪п╪з █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж█М ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪╢╪╖╪▒╪з╪и ╪╣┘Е┘И┘Е╪з┘Л ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к █М╪з ╪н┘В█М┘В█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ╪│█Т ┘Е╪к╪╣┘Д┘В █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

1. ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒

“╪п┘Д┘Е ╪п╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪┤┘В█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪┤╪п” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ╪╖╪з┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й┘И ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж ┌й╪▒ ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘В╪п╪│ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪м╪▒╪и█Б █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й╪з ╪┤╪╣┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Д╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪и┘Ж╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з █М█Б ┌й█Б┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪о┘И╪п ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛┘И┘Д ┌й╪▒╪М ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и █М╪з ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪║╪▒┘В █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ “╪в┘И╪з╪▒┌п█М” ┌й╪з ┘Д┘Б╪╕ ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е ┌й┘И ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┌п█М ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж █Б┘И┘Ж╪з ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪▒┌п╪▒╪п╪з┌║ █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й█Б┘Ж╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪╢╪╖╪▒╪з╪и ┌й╪з █Б┘И┘Ж╪з ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б █М█Б█М ┘И█Б ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з █М╪з ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

2. ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й╪з ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й┘И ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ╪к┌й ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪▒┌й┌╛╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪з╪╣┘Д█М┘░ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪░╪и█Т ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪м┘И┌С╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪з╪│█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М ┘В╪▒╪з╪▒ ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╣╪▒┘Б╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█Т ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Т ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘╛╪▒ ┌Ж┘Д ┌й╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪╢╪╖╪▒╪з╪и ┌й┘И ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М █М█Б ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┌п█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ┘Д█Т ╪в╪к█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█Т ╪и╪╡█М╪▒╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й╪з ╪┤╪╣┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Д╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

3. ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪к╪╡┘И╪▒

“╪в┘И╪з╪▒┌п█М” ╪з┘И╪▒ “╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М” ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з █М█Б ┌й█Б┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ╪╣╪┤┘В ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б █М█Б█М ┘И█Б ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪│█М ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и █М╪з ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т ╪м╪п╪з █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪к┘И █М█Б ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й█Т ╪п┘И╪▒╪з┘Ж ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┌й┘Е╪▓┘И╪▒█М┘И┌║╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б█М ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘В╪п╪│ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М ╪к╪м╪▒╪и█Б ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Б ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

4. ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪│█Т ╪и┌╛╪▒┘╛┘И╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б█М┌║ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ ┌й█М ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И╪М ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к█М ╪м╪░╪и█Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪к┌╛╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪м╪▒╪и█Б ╪к┌╛╪з ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з╪к╪з ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪о╪з┘Е█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┘╛┌С╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛┌╛╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█Т ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Т ┘╛╪▒ ┌Ж┘Д ┌й╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪к┌С┘╛ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж█М ┌й█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪и╪к╪з█М╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж█М ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т█Ф

5. ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪│┘Ж┌п┘Р ╪и┘Ж█М╪з╪п █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪м█Б╪к ╪п█М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│█Т ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪│╪╖╪н ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б ┌й╪▒╪з█М╪з█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪з╪│┘Д┘И╪и╪М ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й┘И ╪м┘Д╪з ╪и╪о╪┤╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪п╪▒╪п╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й┘И ╪и┌С█М ┘Е█Б╪з╪▒╪к ╪│█Т ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“╪п┘Д┘Е ╪п╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪┤┘В█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪┤╪п ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪к╪▒ ╪и╪з╪п” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪з╪│ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒┘И┘Ж█М ┌й╪┤┘Е┌й╪┤╪М ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█Т ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌С█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪│█Т ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ╪п█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘Е╪к╪з╪▓ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д █Б┘И╪з█Ф

6. ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И╪▒╪з╪л╪к

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╣█Б╪п ╪к┌й ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪к┌╛╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┌й╪▒█М ╪и╪╡█М╪▒╪к ┘Ж█Т ╪в┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█М ╪╡╪п█М┘И┌║ ╪к┌й ╪з╪п╪и╪М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┘Е╪▒╪к╪и ┌й█М█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪╖╪з┘Д╪и ╪╣┘Д┘Е┘И┌║╪М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п█М╪и┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪м┘И ╪╣┘Ж╪з╪╡╪▒ █Б█М┌║╪М ┘И█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й┘И ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪│╪╖╪н ┘╛╪▒ ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪о╪к ╪п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█М╪┤┘И╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п╪и█М ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┘Ж█Т ╪и┌╛█М █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪з┘Ж┘В┘Д╪з╪и ╪и╪▒┘╛╪з ┌й█М╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ╪и┌╛╪▒╪з█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М╪М ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ┘Ж█Т ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┘Е╪▒╪к╪и ┌й█М█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф “╪п┘Д┘Е ╪п╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪┤┘В█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪┤╪п ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┘З ╪к╪▒ ╪и╪з╪п” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪╣┌й╪з╪│ █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к╪М ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪в┘И╪з╪▒┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и█Т ┌Ж█М┘Ж█М ╪п╪▒╪з╪╡┘Д ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ┘В╪п┘Е █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з╪│█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Б ╪п┌й┌╛╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Д╪░╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И █Б╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪м╪и┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

Amir Khusro: “My Heart, in Love, Became Restless; May It Become Even More Restless”

Amir Khusro, who is known as the founder of Urdu poetry and a great leader in Indian music, is not only counted among the greatest poets of his time, but his poetry has had a profound impact on world literature and culture. His work was not just a play with words, but reflected a deep philosophy, the depths of mysticism, and humanity’s spiritual quest. His poetry emphasized love, mystical truths, human inner suffering, and the importance of the connection with God. One famous verse reads: “My heart, in love, became restless; may it become even more restless,” which clarifies the depth and spirituality in Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry.

In this article, we will delve into the meaning of this verse, analyze the mystical aspects of Amir Khusro’s poetry, and explore the themes of spirituality, love, and separation in light of this verse.

The Meaning of “My Heart, in Love, Became Restless; May It Become Even More Restless”

Amir KhusroтАЩs verse, “My heart, in love, became restless; may it become even more restless,” reflects the poetтАЩs heart being uneasy and disturbed in the state of love. The Urdu translation of this verse would be: “My heart has become restless in love, and my restlessness may increase even more.”

This verse expresses a mystical reality in which the poet describes the intensity of his experience of love and passion. The word “restlessness” here symbolizes a spiritual quest, where the person seeks the deeper truth within himself. In this verse, Amir Khusro depicts the intensity of love and the internal unrest that comes with it. This restlessness and turmoil in KhusroтАЩs poetry is often associated with the quest for God’s love or the search for true spiritual reality.

1. The Intensity of Love and Its Impact

In the verse “My heart, in love, became restless,” love is presented as a force that disturbs the heart. In Amir Khusro’s poetry, love is considered a sacred and spiritual experience, which not only awakens the person to his true self but also serves as a path for spiritual awakening. Khusro believed that love is a pursuit in which one forgets oneself and becomes immersed in the love of the beloved or God.

The word “restlessness” in this verse represents a deep mystical meaning. Restlessness is not merely a physical state of unease; it is a symbol of an internal condition where the soul is lost in the search for its true essence. Khusro suggests that this restlessness and anxiety are necessary because they bring the individual closer to God or the beloved.

2. The Philosophy of Love in Amir KhusroтАЩs Poetry

The concept of love is a central theme in Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry. He did not limit love to human relationships, but presented it as a higher spiritual feeling. In his work, love is linked to the love of God, and Khusro saw it as essential for human spiritual awakening. He believed that the ultimate purpose of human life is to achieve GodтАЩs love and knowledge, and this love leads one to their true essence.

Khusro described love as a path through which a personтАЩs inner restlessness and anxiety are calmed, ultimately leading to a sense of peace and contentment. For him, this “restlessness” in love brings one closer to God and gives new insights into spiritual truths.

3. The Concept of Restlessness and Separation

The concepts of “restlessness” and “separation” are important themes in Khusro’s poetry. In his work, separation is portrayed not only physically but also spiritually. Khusro stated that separation is necessary in love because it is the state that leads one to discover their inner reality and bring them closer to God.

According to Khusro, when a person is separated from the beloved or from God, this separation is temporary, and it ultimately guides the person toward their true essence. During this separation, one acknowledges their weaknesses, humanity, and spirituality, which awakens them. In his poetry, Khusro presents separation as a sacred and necessary experience because it leads to the discovery of the inner world.

4. KhusroтАЩs Work and Mysticism

Amir Khusro’s poetry is deeply immersed in mysticism. Where his poetry speaks of love, it also resonates with mystical depth. Khusro described the spiritual quest of the soul, the connection with God, and the search for oneтАЩs inner truth. For him, love was not just an emotional feeling but a spiritual experience that took a person toward their true essence.

In mysticism, Khusro believed that a person must accept their flaws and then, through love, draw closer to God. His poetry is filled with a sense of longing and restlessness, symbolizing the personтАЩs spiritual quest. Khusro conveyed that the restlessness of the heart and soul was essential for spiritual progress.

5. Khusro’s Poetry and Urdu Literature

Amir Khusro’s poetry laid the foundation for Urdu literature. He not only gave new dimensions to Urdu poetry but also introduced it to the world. His poetry, with its style, emotions, and depth, illuminates the soul of Urdu literature. In his ghazals, he masterfully portrayed themes of love, pain, spirituality, and the connection with God.

The verse “My heart, in love, became restless; may it become even more restless” symbolizes KhusroтАЩs mystical poetry, beautifully addressing themes of inner conflict, separation, and love. His poetry gave Urdu literature a new color, earning him a distinguished place not only in India but across the world.

6. The Influence and Legacy of Amir Khusro

The impact of Amir Khusro was not limited to his time but continued to influence literature, music, and culture for centuries. His poetry is still a guiding source for students of Urdu literature, poets, and writers. The elements of love, spirituality, separation, and restlessness in his poetry live on in the hearts of people today.

His work, both in poetry and philosophy, gave Urdu literature international recognition and earned him the status of a great poet, spiritual leader, and literary guide. His music also brought a revolution in Indian culture, and his ghazals and verses brought new life to Indian literature.

Conclusion

Amir Khusro’s poetry, his music, and his philosophy have had profound effects on world literature and culture. The verse “My heart, in love, became restless; may it become even more restless” is a reflection of his mystical poetry, illustrating the intensity of love, the state of separation, and the search for spirituality. This restlessness in KhusroтАЩs poetry is actually a step towards spiritual awakening, showing the path to oneтАЩs true essence. His poetry continues to be a joy for those seeking the exploration of their inner world.

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И: “╪│╪▒█М ╪п╪з╪▒┘Е ┌й█Б ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█М╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒╪з

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И╪М ╪м┘Ж█Б█М┌║ “╪к╪о╪к┘Р ╪│╪о┘Ж” ╪з┘И╪▒ “╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒┘Р ┘Е╪┤╪▒┘В” ┌й█Т ┘Д┘В╪и ╪│█Т █М╪з╪п ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒╪М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М ╪к┌╛█Т ╪м┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪м┘Д╪з ╪и╪о╪┤█М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ╪и┘Ж█М╪з╪п ╪и┌╛█М ╪▒┌й┌╛█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ┘Е╪▒┌й╪▓█М ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б╪М ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪▒┘Ж┌п╪М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪и╪╡█М╪▒╪к ┌й█М ┘И╪м█Б ╪│█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б █Б█Т█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪и╪з╪к █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ┘Е╪з╪п█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒ ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б “╪│╪▒█М ╪п╪з╪▒┘Е ┌й█Б ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█М╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪│█М ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪║┘Е╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪п┘И┘Д╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣█М╪┤ ┘И ╪в╪▒╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╢┘Е┘И┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘Е ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й┘И ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪│█Т ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛█М┌║ ┌п█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Б┌й╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д█М┌║ ┌п█Т█Ф

1. “╪│╪▒█М ╪п╪з╪▒┘Е ┌й█Б ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█М╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е

“╪│╪▒█М ╪п╪з╪▒┘Е ┌й█Б ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█М╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪▒╪м┘Е█Б ┌й┌Ж┌╛ █М┘И┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т: “┘Е█М╪▒█Т ┘╛╪з╪│ ╪│╪▒ █Б█Т╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т█Ф” █М█Б╪з┌║ “╪│╪▒█М” ╪│█Т ┘Е╪▒╪з╪п ┘И█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █М╪з ┘Е╪╣╪▒┘Б╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ “┌й█Б ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█М╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘Е█М╪▒█Т ┘╛╪з╪│ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪ж█М ┘Е╪з╪п█М ╪п┘И┘Д╪к █М╪з ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ “╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Т ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ┘И█Б ┌й█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘╛╪з╪│ “╪│╪▒█М” █М╪╣┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █Б█Т╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ┘И█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ╪│█Т ╪и╪з┘Д╪з╪к╪▒ █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪к┘Е╪з┘Е ┌Ж█М╪▓█М┌║ ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘И╪ж█М ┘Е╪│╪к┘В┘Д ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█М █Б┘И╪ж█М █Б█Т╪М ┘Ж█Б ┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪з╪п█М ┘И╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣█М╪┤ ┘И ╪в╪▒╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║█Ф

2. ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ┘Е╪▒┌й╪▓█М ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Б┌й╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪к█Т ╪к┌╛█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪о█М╪з┘Д ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т █Б█М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“╪│╪▒█М ╪п╪з╪▒┘Е ┌й█Б ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█М╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т █М█Б█М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И █М█Б ╪│┌й┌╛╪з ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М █Б╪▒ ┌Ж█М╪▓ ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┌й┘И╪ж█М ┘Е╪│╪к┘В┘Д ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т█Ф ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з “╪│╪▒█М” █М╪╣┘Ж█М ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪п┘И┘Д╪к █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪н╪╡┘И┘Д ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪м╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф

3. ┘Е╪з╪п█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й╪з ╪к╪▒┌й ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ┘Е╪з╪п█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪к╪▒┌й ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪к┘И╪м█Б █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪и┘Ж█М ╪▒█Б╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪к┘Е╪з┘Е ┌Ж█М╪▓█М┌║ ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М █Б█М┌║╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘Ж ╪│█Т ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й╪▒┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф “╪│╪▒█М ╪п╪з╪▒┘Е ┌й█Б ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█М╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Т ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┘Е╪з╪п█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪м┘Е╪╣ ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┘Ж█Б█М┌║╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ┘╛╪з┌й█М╪▓┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣█М╪┤ ┘И ╪в╪▒╪з┘Е ╪│█Т ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п █Б┘И ╪м╪з┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф

4. “╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е

“╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ┘Д┘Б╪╕ ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з “╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ╪│█Т ┘Е╪▒╪з╪п ┘И█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М █Б╪▒ ┌Ж█М╪▓ ╪│█Т ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪║█М╪▒ ┘Е╪з╪п█М █Б█Т█Ф “╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ╪з╪╢╪з┘Б█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪║┘Е╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╣█М╪┤ ┘И ╪в╪▒╪з┘Е ╪│█Т ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ┘И█Б “╪│╪▒█М” ┌й┘И ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒ ┌Ж┌й█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪и ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з╪│ “╪│╪▒█М” ┌й┘И ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪и┘Ж╪з ┌й╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪к┌й┘Е█М┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б █М█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪│┘Б╪▒ ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪о╪к┘Е ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к╪з█Ф ┘И█Б █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒█Б╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й █М█Б “╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з╪│█Т █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М ╪▒█Б╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█Б ╪о╪к┘Е █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д╪з ╪│┘Б╪▒ █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪и┌С┌╛╪к╪з ╪▒█Б╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

5. ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з█М┌й ╪и█Б╪к ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪м╪░╪и█Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪к┌╛█М ╪м╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪▒┘Ж┌п ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж█Т ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┘В╪з╪ж┘Е ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪║╪▒┘В █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф

“╪│╪▒█М ╪п╪з╪▒┘Е ┌й█Б ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█М╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪м┌С┘И┌║ ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з █Б┘И╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б╪з┌║ “╪│╪▒█М” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪з╪п█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪╣╪┤┘В █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ╪к┌й ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪║┘Е╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д█М ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪к┌й┘Е█М┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪║╪▒┘В █Б┘И┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф

6. ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┘Е╪▒╪к╪и ┌й█М█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│┘Д┘И╪и ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪з╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ╪п█М╪з█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘В╪и┘И┘Д █Б┘И╪з╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪┤╪з╪ж┘В█М┘Ж ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

“╪│╪▒█М ╪п╪з╪▒┘Е ┌й█Б ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█М╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к ╪и┘Ж ┌Ж┌й╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪п┘И┘Д╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В █Б█Т╪М ┘Ж█Б ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ┌Ж█М╪▓┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ┌п┘И╪з█Б█М ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф

7. ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪к╪з╪л█М╪▒

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪╡╪▒┘Б █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ╪к┌й ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪▒█Б╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И█Б ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌╛█М ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪н╪╡┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘В╪и┘И┘Д █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з “╪│╪▒█М ╪п╪з╪▒┘Е ┌й█Б ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█М╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘И ┘И┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м┌п█Б ┌й█М ╪н╪п┘И╪п ╪│█Т ╪в╪▓╪з╪п █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к ╪и┘Ж ┌Ж┌й╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪о╪▓╪з┘Ж█Б █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к┌й┘Е█М┘Д ┌й╪з ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪и┌╛█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И █М█Б ╪│┌й┌╛╪з█М╪з ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М █Б╪▒ ┌Ж█М╪▓ ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И █Б█Т█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ “╪│╪▒█М ╪п╪з╪▒┘Е ┌й█Б ╪│╪з┘Е╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█М╪│╪к ╪з┘И╪▒╪з” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪н╪╡█Б █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И █М█Б ╪│┌й┌╛╪з█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪к┘Е╪з┘Е ┌Ж█М╪▓█М┌║ ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪п┘И┘Д╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪║┘Е╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╣█М╪┤ ┘И ╪в╪▒╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф

Amir Khusro: “Sari Daram Ke Samaan Nahi Hai Auray”

Amir Khusro, known as the “Throne of Speech” and the “Poet of the East,” was a great poet, musician, and philosopher who not only enriched Persian poetry but also laid the foundation for Urdu literature. The central themes of his poetry were mysticism, love, and spirituality. Amir KhusroтАЩs work continues to live in peopleтАЩs hearts because of its mystical depth, insight, and philosophical perspective.

One of the distinctive features of Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry is how, through his verses, he guides humanity on a spiritual journey, transcending the realities of the material world. His famous verse, “Sari Daram Ke Samaan Nahi Hai Auray,” also conveys this mystical truth. It reflects the idea that Khusro’s true purpose was not the worldly wealth and comforts but the search for spirituality, love, and inner peace. In this article, we will explore this verse in detail and shed light on KhusroтАЩs mystical thought and philosophy through his poetry.

1. Meaning of “Sari Daram Ke Samaan Nahi Hai Auray”

The verse “Sari Daram Ke Samaan Nahi Hai Auray” can be translated into Urdu as: “I have a head, but I have no worldly possessions.” Here, “Sari” refers to the reality or knowledge that exists in a personтАЩs heart, and “Samaan Nahi Hai Auray” means that I have no material wealth or possessions. The word “Auray” is used to express Khusro’s spirituality and mystical philosophy.

In this verse, Khusro is describing his truth. He says that he possesses “Sari” (spirituality and truth), but he is above worldly possessions. For him, everything in the world is temporary, and it has no permanent connection to his being. The true essence of a person lies in their spirituality, not in material wealth and comforts.

2. KhusroтАЩs Mystical Philosophy

The central theme of Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry is mysticism and mystical thought. He always emphasized that a person should recognize their spirituality and consider the worldly pleasures and successes as temporary. He believed that the true reality of a person lies within them, and only through spiritual pursuit can one recognize their true self.

In “Sari Daram Ke Samaan Nahi Hai Auray,” Khusro conveys this philosophy. Through this verse, he teaches that everything in the world is transient, and it has no permanent connection. However, a personтАЩs “Sari” (spirituality and truth) is their true wealth. For Khusro, the goal of a person is not to seek worldly success and pleasures, but to discover their truth and attain closeness to God.

3. Renouncing the Material World

KhusroтАЩs philosophy was always based on renouncing the realities of the material world and turning towards spirituality. In his view, everything in the world is temporary and transient, and a person should rise above it and seek spirituality. The verse “Sari Daram Ke Samaan Nahi Hai Auray” highlights this philosophy.

For Khusro, the real purpose of a personтАЩs life is not to accumulate material possessions but to purify their soul and attain closeness to God. His poetry reflects the idea that a person should transcend worldly relationships and comforts in the quest for their truth.

4. The Use of “Auray” and its Philosophical Significance

The word “Auray” holds special importance in this verse. For Khusro, “Auray” refers to the truth that exists within a person, which is above and beyond the material world. The inclusion of “Auray” signifies that KhusroтАЩs purpose was to rise above the comforts of the world and seek spirituality and love. He had already attained the “Sari,” and now his goal was to make this “Sari” the purpose of his life and fulfill it.

The philosophy of “Auray” suggests that the human journey never ends. One is always in search of something further. For Khusro, this “Auray” symbolizes the quest that continually guides a person toward their truth. It is an ongoing journey, where one is always progressing towards their spirituality and inner peace.

5. KhusroтАЩs Love and Its Spiritual Aspect

Love was a very important theme in Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry. However, his love was not merely a worldly passion; it was a spiritual love aimed at bringing a person closer to God and the truth. In KhusroтАЩs poetry, love always takes on a mystical dimension. His love was a means of establishing a connection with God and immersing in His love.

In “Sari Daram Ke Samaan Nahi Hai Auray,” KhusroтАЩs love is rooted deeply. Here, “Sari” refers not just to material success but to a spiritual love that leads a person to GodтАЩs closeness. KhusroтАЩs work reflects that the true purpose of a person is the fulfillment of their spirituality and immersion in GodтАЩs love.

6. KhusroтАЩs Poetry and Urdu Literature

Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry had a deep impact on Urdu literature. The language and style of his ghazals gave Urdu poetry a new dimension. His poetry not only became popular among the masses of his time but continues to be appreciated today for its depth in spirituality, love, and mysticism.

The verse “Sari Daram Ke Samaan Nahi Hai Auray” has become a symbol in Urdu poetry, representing the idea that a personтАЩs true wealth lies in their spirituality and love, not in the fleeting things of the world. KhusroтАЩs work testifies that the true purpose of Urdu poetry is to highlight human spiritual development and the essence of love.

7. KhusroтАЩs Poetry and Its Global Impact

KhusroтАЩs poetry was not confined to India alone; it also had a profound effect on global literature. The philosophy and truths expressed in his poetry are still revered in various parts of the world today. His verse “Sari Daram Ke Samaan Nahi Hai Auray” speaks of a truth that transcends time and place. This verse has become a symbol of the inner quest and the search for oneтАЩs truth.

KhusroтАЩs poetry is not only a treasure of mystical truths but also carries a message of human spiritual fulfillment. Through his poetry, he taught people that everything in the world is transient, and the true wealth of a person lies in their spirituality.

Conclusion

Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry and the verse “Sari Daram Ke Samaan Nahi Hai Auray” express a mystical and philosophical truth that guides a person towards their spirituality and the search for their true essence. KhusroтАЩs work is not only an integral part of Urdu literature but has taught people worldwide that all things in the world are temporary, and a personтАЩs true wealth lies in their spirituality. His poetry still reflects the idea that the ultimate goal of a person is not the pursuit of worldly pleasures but the recognition of their inner truth and spirituality.

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И: “╪▓┘Д┘Б ╪к┘И╪М ╪и█Б █Б╪▒ ╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з ┘Ж╪к┘И╪з┌║ ╪┤╪│╪к

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И╪М ╪м┘Ж█Б█М┌║ “╪к╪о╪к┘Р ╪│╪о┘Ж” ╪з┘И╪▒ “╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒┘Р ┘Е╪┤╪▒┘В” ┌й█Т ┘Д┘В╪и ╪│█Т █М╪з╪п ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т ╪м┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й┘И ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪м█Б╪к ╪п█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘╛┘И╪▒█Т ┘Е╪┤╪▒┘В█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘В╪и┘И┘Д █Б┘И╪з█Ф ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б╪М ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪▒┘Ж┌п █Б┘И╪к╪з ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д█М┌║ █Б╪▒ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘В╪з╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪к┘И╪м█Б ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б █Б█Т: ╪▓┘Д┘Б ╪к┘И╪М ╪и█Б █Б╪▒ ╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з ┘Ж╪к┘И╪з┌║ ╪┤╪│╪к╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Е╪п█Б ┘Ж┘Е┘И┘Ж█Б █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ┌й╪┤┘Е┌й╪┤╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█Т ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪▓┘Д┘Б ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█Т ╪▒╪┤╪к█Б ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╢┘Е┘И┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘Е ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛█М┌║ ┌п█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┌й█М╪з ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е █Б█Т╪М ╪з╪│ ┘╛╪▒ ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪│█Т ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д█М┌║ ┌п█Т█Ф

1. “╪▓┘Д┘Б ╪к┘И╪М ╪и█Б █Б╪▒ ╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з ┘Ж╪к┘И╪з┌║ ╪┤╪│╪к” ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е

“╪▓┘Д┘Б ╪к┘И╪М ╪и█Б █Б╪▒ ╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з ┘Ж╪к┘И╪з┌║ ╪┤╪│╪к” ┌й╪з ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪к╪▒╪м┘Е█Б ┌й┌Ж┌╛ █М┘И┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т: “╪к╪м┌╛ ╪│█Т ┘Е┘Д█Т █Б┘И╪ж█Т╪М █Б╪▒ ┘╛╪з┌й ┘╛╪з┘Ж█М ╪│█Т ╪и┌╛█М ╪к╪м┌╛ ┌й┘И ╪╡╪з┘Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з█Ф” █М█Б╪з┌║ “╪▓┘Д┘Б” ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ┌й█Б┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪▓┘Д┘Б ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒╪н ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М╪з┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ╪з█М╪│█М █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й╪│█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б ╪│█Т ╪╡╪з┘Б █М╪з ┘Е┌й┘Е┘Д ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з█Ф

╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ “╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з” ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ╪╡╪з┘Б ┘╛╪з┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ┌й█Б ╪╣┘Е┘И┘Е╪з┘Л ┘╛╪з┌й█М╪▓┌п█М ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т█Ф ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И █М█Б ┌й█Б┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┌й┘И╪ж█М ╪и┌╛█М ┘╛╪з┌й█М╪▓┌п█М █М╪з ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┘И╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к █М╪з ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М ┌й┘И ╪╡╪з┘Б ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘В╪з╪и┘Д ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖┘Д╪и █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ╪з█М╪│█М █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪│╪з╪п┌п█М ╪│█Т ╪н┘Д █М╪з ╪╡╪з┘Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з█Ф

2. ╪▓┘Д┘Б ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б

“╪▓┘Д┘Б” ┌й╪з ┘Д┘Б╪╕ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪▓┘Д┘Б╪М █М╪╣┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪▓┘Д┘Б█М┌║╪М ╪╣┘Е┘И┘Е╪з┘Л ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║╪М ╪▓┘Д┘Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒█М ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╕█Б╪▒ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪▓┘Д┘Б ┌й█М ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М╪з┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪м╪з┘Д ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т █М█Б ╪и╪к╪з┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и┘И╪и ┌й█М ╪▓┘Д┘Б┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒╪н ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█М┌й ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И █Б╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪▒┘Ж┌п┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪м╪▒╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪┤┌й┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж█Т ╪в╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й┘И ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪з█М┌й ╪│╪з╪п█Б ╪м╪░╪и█Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪к█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪к╪м╪▒╪и█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п█Б ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Б ┘Е╪з┘Ж╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪м╪│ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ┌Ж┘Д┘Ж╪з ┘╛┌С╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

3. “╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з” ┌й╪з ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е

“╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з” ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф “╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з” █М╪╣┘Ж█М ╪╡╪з┘Б ┘╛╪з┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н█М╪л█М╪к █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Д╪ж█Т ┘╛╪з┌й█М╪▓┌п█М╪М ╪╖█Б╪з╪▒╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т█Ф ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т █М█Б╪з┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ┌й╪│█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б █М╪з ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪╖╪▒█М┘В█Т ╪│█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п█Б ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ┘Е┌й┘Е┘Д ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪╡╪з┘Б █М╪з ╪н┘Д ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й╪▒ ╪│┌й╪к╪з█Ф

“╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з” ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┘╛╪з┌й█М╪▓┌п█М ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒█Б╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┘Е┌й┘Е┘Д ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з █М╪з ╪╡╪з┘Б ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤┌й┘Д ╪з┘Е╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б╪з┌║ “╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з” ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪м╪и ╪к┌й ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й┘И ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪│█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛█Т╪М ┘И█Б █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪и█Т ╪о╪и╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т ┌п╪з█Ф

4. ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е █Б█Т█Ф ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪╣╪┤┘В ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪м╪░╪и█Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪к┌╛╪з╪Ы ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪╖╪▒█М ╪м╪░╪и█Б ╪к┌╛╪з ╪м╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и╪з╪▒ ╪и╪з╪▒ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╣╪з┘Е┘Д█Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б █Б█Т█Ф

“╪▓┘Д┘Б ╪к┘И╪М ╪и█Б █Б╪▒ ╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з ┘Ж╪к┘И╪з┌║ ╪┤╪│╪к” ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ┌й╪│█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪╖╪▒█М┘В█Т ╪│█Т ╪о╪к┘Е ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И ╪│┌й╪к╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й╪з █М█Б ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪з█М┌й ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪и╪з┘Д╪з╪к╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║╪М “╪▓┘Д┘Б” ╪з┘И╪▒ “╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з” ╪п┘И┘Ж┘И┌║ █Б█М ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п█Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М █М█Б ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М╪з┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒ ┌й█М ┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█М┌║╪М ╪м╪│█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┘╛┘И╪▒█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

5. ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┘Е╪▒╪к╪и ┌й█М█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ╪╣╪┤┘В╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█М ╪м┘И╪к╪з█Б█М █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪│┌й┌╛╪з█М╪з ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┘Б╪з╪ж╪п█Т ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█М┌║╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И █Б█Т█Ф

“╪▓┘Д┘Б ╪к┘И╪М ╪и█Б █Б╪▒ ╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з ┘Ж╪к┘И╪з┌║ ╪┤╪│╪к” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к ╪и┘Ж ┌Ж┌й╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й█М ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М╪з┌║ ╪з█М╪│█М █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒█М ╪░╪▒╪з╪ж╪╣ ╪│█Т ╪╡╪з┘Б █М╪з ╪н┘Д ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з█Ф █М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ┘В╪з╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪к┘И╪м█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И █Б█Т ╪м╪│█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф

6. ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪║╪▓┘Д

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ╪п█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪┤┌й┘Д ╪п█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е┘Д╪к█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ┘И█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪н╪╡█Т ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж█Т ╪в╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪║┘Е╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪к┘И╪м█Б █Б┘И┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф

“╪▓┘Д┘Б ╪к┘И╪М ╪и█Б █Б╪▒ ╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з ┘Ж╪к┘И╪з┌║ ╪┤╪│╪к” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з╪│█М ╪║╪▓┘Д ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М╪з┌║ ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪о╪к┘Е ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к█М┌║█Ф █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│╪з ╪м╪░╪и█Б █Б█Т ╪м╪│█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪м╪▒╪и╪з╪к ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з ┘╛┌С╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

7. ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ┌И╪з┘Д╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪│█М ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Т ┌й█М ┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ┘╛╪з┌й█М╪▓┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪о╪к┘Е ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к█М█Ф

╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┘Е┘Д╪к█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒╪н ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒╪з╪║╪и ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф “╪▓┘Д┘Б ╪к┘И╪М ╪и█Б █Б╪▒ ╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з ┘Ж╪к┘И╪з┌║ ╪┤╪│╪к” ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒╪н╪М ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б “╪▓┘Д┘Б ╪к┘И╪М ╪и█Б █Б╪▒ ╪в╪и ┘Е╪╡┘Б╪з ┘Ж╪к┘И╪з┌║ ╪┤╪│╪к” ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й█М ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М╪з┌║ ╪з█М╪│█М █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й╪│█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪╖╪▒█М┘В█Т ╪│█Т ╪н┘Д █М╪з ╪╡╪з┘Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з█Ф █М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪м┌С█М┌║ █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┘Д╪з╪▓┘И╪з┘Д ╪н╪╡█Б █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪к┘И╪м█Б ┌й█М╪з ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п┌п█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┘В╪и┘И┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒ ┌й█М ┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М █Б┘Е╪з╪▒█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ █Б┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪│┌й┌╛╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Б ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪в╪│╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к╪з╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪м╪▒╪и█Б █Б█Т ╪м┘И █Б┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪к┌й┘Е█М┘Д ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

Amir Khusro: “Your Hair Cannot Be Washed with Any Clear Water”

Amir Khusro, known as the “Throne of Speech” and “The Poet of the East,” was a great poet, philosopher, and musician who gave Indian literature a new dimension through his works. His poetry was not only popular in India but across the entire Eastern world. Khusro’s poetry is deeply infused with mysticism, love, and spirituality, and his ghazals continue to captivate readers from all eras.

One of Khusro’s famous couplets is: “Zulf tu, ba har aab-e musaffa natawan shust”, which is a beautiful example of his poetry. This line reflects the inner struggle of the human soul, the emotions of love, and the spiritual quest. Through the symbol of “zulf” (hair), Khusro depicts the complexities of human emotions and presents love as a profound truth. In this article, we will explore the different aspects of this line and delve into its place in Khusro’s poetry.

1. The Meaning of “Zulf tu, ba har aab-e musaffa natawan shust”

The line “Zulf tu, ba har aab-e musaffa natawan shust” can be translated as: “Even with all the purest water, your hair cannot be cleansed.” Here, “zulf” symbolizes the beloved’s beauty, love, and the complexities of the heart. Khusro wants to convey that, just like the belovedтАЩs hair, the complexities and intensity of love cannot be cleansed or fully resolved by any worldly means.

The mention of aab-e musaffa (clear water) points to purity, which is generally a symbol of cleanliness. However, Khusro is implying that no matter how pure or worldly the resources might be, they cannot resolve or clarify the depth and intricacies of love. It suggests that love and relationships are of such a nature that they cannot be easily solved or cleared up by superficial means.

2. The Symbolism of “Zulf” and Its Philosophy

The word “zulf” (hair) is an important symbol in Persian poetry. The beloved’s hair is often seen as a symbol of emotional and physical beauty. However, in KhusroтАЩs poetry, “zulf” represents not just outward beauty, but also points to a deeper, mystical reality. For Khusro, the entanglements of the hair take a person on a profound spiritual quest.

Through this line, Khusro is conveying that, like the beloved’s hair, love is also a complex and deep truth that manifests in various colors and experiences throughout human life. He does not see love as a mere emotion, but as a mystical experienceтАФa complicated spiritual journey that one must embark upon.

3. The Spiritual Significance of “Aab-e Musaffa”

The phrase “aab-e musaffa” (clear water) here is used symbolically. Clear water traditionally represents purity, cleanliness, and spirituality. However, Khusro uses it to illustrate that no worldly means or spiritual practice can fully cleanse or resolve the intricate emotions and love that lie deep within the human heart.

тАЬAab-e musaffaтАЭ also points to the idea that a person is always in pursuit of purity within their spirituality. However, fully understanding or resolving the complexities of love is a challenging endeavor. It signifies a philosophical truth that unless one deeply comprehends their emotions and relationships, they will always remain unaware of their true nature.

4. Khusro’s Love and Its Mystical Aspect

Love holds a special place in Khusro’s poetry. However, his love was not a worldly passion, but rather a mystical, spiritual, and natural emotion, aimed at attaining God’s love and the soulтАЩs spiritual development. Khusro often highlighted that love is not just a physical or outward connection, but a path to reach a deeper spiritual depth within oneself.

In “Zulf tu, ba har aab-e musaffa natawan shust”, KhusroтАЩs love represents a reality that cannot be terminated or purified by any worldly means. For him, this love transcends any transient truth. Both the “zulf” and “aab-e musaffa” express the depth of love and its complex aspects. In Khusro’s view, these entanglements and the intensity of relationships symbolize a spiritual journey, one that a person seeks to understand throughout their life.

5. Khusro’s Poetry and Its Influence

Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry has had a profound impact not only on Persian literature but also on Urdu literature. The themes of spirituality, love, and the pursuit of truth in his poetry remain central in Urdu literature today. Through his poetry, Khusro taught humanity that the true purpose of love and relationships is not worldly gain, but the quest for spirituality and self-realization.

The couplet “Zulf tu, ba har aab-e musaffa natawan shust” has become a symbol in Urdu poetry, illustrating that the complexities of love and relationships cannot be resolved by mere worldly means. This line draws the readerтАЩs attention to the deep spiritual aspect of love, emphasizing that it is an experience one must understand through a journey of life and spiritual exploration.

6. Amir Khusro and Urdu Ghazal

Amir Khusro gave Urdu ghazal a new color and shape. The influences and themes within his ghazals still resonate strongly in Urdu literature today. His ghazals convey not only the beauty of love but also the deep impact of mysticism and spirituality. KhusroтАЩs ghazals suggest that humans must rise above worldly desires and relationships and focus on their spiritual journey.

The line “Zulf tu, ba har aab-e musaffa natawan shust” reflects the essence of these ghazals, indicating that the complexities of love never end. It suggests that love is a profound emotion that requires understanding through spiritual experiences and the pursuit of inner truth.

7. Amir Khusro’s Music and Its Influence

Khusro was not only a great poet but also a distinguished musician. He introduced a new dimension to Indian music, incorporating spirituality and love into it. His music, much like his poetry, reflects the same mystical philosophy that is present in his works. Through both his poetry and music, Khusro emphasized that the purity of the human soul and the quest for love are endless.

The influence in his music, like his poetry, attempts to guide the listener towards the depths of spirituality and love. Much like the line “Zulf tu, ba har aab-e musaffa natawan shust”, his music endeavors to lead one to the depths of spiritual realization and love.

Conclusion

Amir KhusroтАЩs couplet “Zulf tu, ba har aab-e musaffa natawan shust” conveys a deep truthтАФthat the complexities of love and relationships cannot be solved or cleansed by any worldly means. This line reflects the nature of his poetry, where love and spirituality are deeply intertwined. KhusroтАЩs poetry is not only an eternal part of Urdu literature but also serves to remind people around the world that understanding the depths of love and accepting its complexities represent a spiritual journey.

KhusroтАЩs poetry continues to live among us today, teaching us that the path of love is never easy, but it is a profound spiritual experience that leads us towards self-realization and completeness.

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И: “╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И╪М ╪м┘И ┌й█Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒╪М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╡┘И┘Б█М ╪к┌╛█Т╪М ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛┌╛█М┘Д ┌п█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ┘Е╪н┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В╪М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘╛┘И╪▒█Т ┘Е╪┤╪▒┘В█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ╪п█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М █Б┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪к╪з╪л╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б █Б█Т: ╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓█Ф █М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Е█М┘В ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█Т ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Т ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з █М█Б ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪м╪│┘Е ┌й█Т ┘Е╪з┌║ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛┘И╪┤█М╪п█Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╢┘Е┘И┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘Е ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┌й█М ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ╪│█Т ╪к╪┤╪▒█М╪н ┌й╪▒█М┌║ ┌п█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е╪М ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Б┌й╪▒╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д█М┌║ ┌п█Т█Ф

1. “╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓” ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е

“╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓” ┌й╪з ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪к╪▒╪м┘Е█Б ┌й┌Ж┌╛ █М┘И┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т: “╪к┘Е ┘Ж█Т ╪м╪│┘Е ╪│█Т ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й┘И ╪м╪п╪з ┌й█М╪з╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪з╪и┌╛█М ╪к┌й ╪к┘Е ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪в┌п╪з█Б ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И╪ж█Т█Ф” ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪м╪│┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ┌й█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪м╪│┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ┘Б╪▒┘В ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з ╪и█Б╪к ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪│┘Е ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ┘╛┘Ж╪з█Б ┌п╪з█Б █Б█Т█Ф

█М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┌п╪▒┌Ж█Б ╪м╪│┘Е ┌й█Т ╪к┘В╪з╪╢┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘Д┘И╪л ╪▒█Б╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┘Е█М┌║ ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█М █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В█М ╪в╪▓╪з╪п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ┘╛╪з┌й█М╪▓┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ┘Ж█Б ┌й█Б ╪м╪│┘Е ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪к┌й┘Е█М┘Д ┘Е█М┌║█Ф

2. ╪м╪│┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к

“╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓” ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█Б┘Е ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ╪м╪│┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ╪з╪│ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪и╪к╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒ ╪▒█Б█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪м╪│┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┘Е█М┌║ ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█М █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪м╪│┘Е ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪з ┌й┘И╪ж█М ┘Е╪│╪к┘В┘Д ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪и┌й█Б ╪▒┘И╪н ╪║█М╪▒ ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘И╪н ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪│┘Е ┌й█М █М█Б ╪к┘Б╪▒█М┘В █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ┘Е╪▒┌й╪▓█М ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ ╪▒█Б█М █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ╪│█Т ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘В╪▒█М╪и █Б┘И┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф █М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪м╪и ╪к┌й ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪м╪│┘Е ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘Д┘И╪л ╪▒█Б╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪м╪з┘Ж ┘╛╪з╪к╪з█Ф

3. ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪и╪з╪к ╪и╪з╪▒ ╪и╪з╪▒ ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж█Т ╪в╪к█М █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ╪о┘И╪┤█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪к╪▒┌й ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф “╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪│█М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Т ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з █М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪м╪│┘Е ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤╪з╪к ╪│█Т ╪в╪▓╪з╪п █Б┘И┘Ж╪з ┘╛┌С╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪╡┘Б╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┘Е█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪м╪│┘Е ┌й█Т ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ┘И╪м┘И╪п ╪│█Т ╪и╪з┘Д╪з╪к╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф

4. ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к █М╪з ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪М ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪╖╪▒█М ╪м╪░╪и█Б █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф “╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓” ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М █М█Б█М ╪и╪з╪к ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ ┌й█М ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к█М █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪м╪│┘Е ┌й█М ┘Е╪з╪п█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤╪з╪к ╪│█Т ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪м╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪м╪│┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ╪│█Т ╪в╪▓╪з╪п ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪з╪ж┘Д ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪▒╪┤╪к█Б █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪║╪▒┘В █Б┘И┘Ж╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘Ж█Б ┌й█Б ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║█Ф

5. “╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓” ┌й╪з ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е

█М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Б┌й╪▒ ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪│┘Б╪▒ █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф “╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓” ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ┌Ж┌╛┘╛╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┌п╪▒┌Ж█Б ╪м╪│┘Е ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М╪к ╪│█Т ╪в╪▓╪з╪п █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪з╪и┌╛█М ╪к┌й ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛ ┘╛╪з█М╪з█Ф █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│╪з ╪│┘Б╪▒ █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪о╪к╪к╪з┘Е █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ┘╛╪▒ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪и╪з╪к ╪и╪з╪▒ ╪и╪з╪▒ ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж█Т ╪в╪к█М █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪│┘Б╪▒ ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪о╪к┘Е ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к╪з█Ф ┘И█Б █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪и┌С┌╛╪к╪з ╪▒█Б╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф “╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з╪│█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т ╪▒█Б┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф

6. ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪з╪л╪▒

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┌И╪з┘Д╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М╪з┌║ █Б█М┌║╪М ┘И█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│┘Ж█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪║┘Е╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┘Е█М┌║ █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒█Б╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф “╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓” ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤╪з╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛┘И╪▒╪з ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪м╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪│╪╖╪н ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е┘В╪и┘И┘Д █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│┘Ж╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф

7. ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪з█Б╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪ж█М ┘Ж╪ж█Т ╪в█Б┘Ж┌п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│╪▒┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪з╪╢╪з┘Б█Б ┌й█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й┘И ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪│█М ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Т ┌й█М ┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф “╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓” ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й┘И ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б “╪м╪з┘Ж ╪▓ ╪к┘Ж ╪и╪▒╪п█М ┘И ╪п╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж█М ┘З┘Ж┘И╪▓” ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┘Е█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪│┘Е ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ┘╛┘Ж╪з█Б ┌п╪з█Б █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪п╪╣┘И╪к ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪║┘Е╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪м╪│┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪к┌й┘Е█М┘Д ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪╡┘Б╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М █Б┘Е╪з╪▒█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ┌й╪з┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪│┌й┌╛╪з╪к█М █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ┌Ж█М╪▓┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ┘╛█М┌Ж┌╛╪з ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪м╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф

Amir Khusro: “You have separated the soul from the body, yet you have not realized the essence of the soul”

Amir Khusro, a great poet, musician, and Sufi of Persian and Urdu literature, became widely renowned across the world over time. His poetry revolved around love, mysticism, and spirituality, and his verses gave a new direction to not only Indian literature but also the entire Eastern literary world. The depth, philosophy, and quest for truth in his poetry continue to inspire us today.

One of Amir Khusro’s famous couplets is: “You have separated the soul from the body, yet you have not realized the essence of the soul.” This verse represents a profound philosophical truth. In this couplet, Khusro expresses his spiritual quest and the philosophy of Sufism. The verse points toward a deep truthтАФthat the essence of a human being lies not in the body but in the soul. In this article, we will explore the meaning of this verse in detail, its place in Khusro’s poetry, his mystic thoughts, and his spiritual journey.

1. The Meaning of “You have separated the soul from the body, yet you have not realized the essence of the soul”

The Urdu translation of this verse could be: “You separated the soul from the body, but you still have not realized the true nature of the soul.” In this verse, Khusro philosophically discusses the importance of the soul and the body. He is suggesting that understanding the distinction between the body and the soul is crucial. The true essence of a person is the soul, while the body is merely a temporary shelter.

This verse also suggests that although humans may be involved in fulfilling the desires and demands of the body, their true essence lies within the soul. According to Khusro, true freedom and peace come from understanding the purity and essence of the soul, rather than fulfilling the temporary desires and needs of the body.

2. The Relationship Between the Body and Soul

Another important aspect of this verse is the relationship between the body and the soul. Khusro attempts to explain that the human being’s true essence is not in the body but is hidden within the soul. The body is temporary, and it has no permanent relation to a person, while the soul is immortal and represents a personтАЩs true self.

In Khusro’s poetry, this distinction between the soul and body is a central theme. He consistently emphasizes that a person should recognize the truth of their soul and rise above the temporary relationships of the world to draw closer to God. This verse also alludes to the fact that as long as a person remains involved in bodily desires, they will not be able to discover the truth of their soul.

3. The Importance of Spirituality and Mysticism

Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry has a special place for mysticism and spirituality. It is repeatedly highlighted in his verses that humans must understand the truth of their soul and abandon the temporary joys of the world. The verse “You have separated the soul from the body, yet you have not realized the essence of the soul” reflects this philosophy.

This verse describes a mystical truth: in order to understand the essence of the soul, one must liberate themselves from bodily desires. According to Sufi teachings, the human aim is not merely to purify the soul but also to attain closeness to God. In Khusro’s poetry, it is emphasized that a personтАЩs true essence lies in the soul, which is beyond the temporary existence of the body.

4. Khusro’s Poetry and the Truth of Love

Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry is deeply imbued with love. For him, love is not merely a worldly relationship or affection but a spiritual, mystical, and natural feeling that draws one closer to God. In the verse “You have separated the soul from the body, yet you have not realized the essence of the soul,” this concept is also feltтАФthat one must rise above material desires and understand the essence of their soul.

According to Khusro, love is a state that liberates a person from the body and worldly relationships and directs them toward a spiritual quest. There is a profound connection between love and spirituality in his poetry, and he always emphasizes that a personтАЩs true goal is to be immersed in the love of God, rather than indulging in bodily pleasures.

5. The Mystical Meaning of “You have separated the soul from the body, yet you have not realized the essence of the soul”

This verse reflects Khusro’s mystical thoughts. For him, the human journey is always about recognizing the truth within and attaining spiritual peace. The verse carries the message that although a person may free themselves from the temporality of the body, they still have not realized the essence of their soul. This journey never endsтАФit is a continuous search for spiritual awakening and closeness to God.

In Khusro’s poetry, it is often reiterated that a personтАЩs journey never finishes. They continue to progress toward the truth within, with the goal of spiritual awakening and closeness to God. The verse “You have separated the soul from the body, yet you have not realized the essence of the soul” conveys this truth: that a person must always continue seeking the truth of their soul.

6. Khusro’s Poetry and Its Global Influence

Amir Khusro’s poetry has left a significant mark not only on Indian literature but also on global literature. The depths of mysticism, spirituality, and love in his ghazals are still heard worldwide. KhusroтАЩs verses suggest that the true essence of a person lies in their soul, and they are always in search of it. The verse “You have separated the soul from the body, yet you have not realized the essence of the soul” expresses the human spiritual quest and the effort to understand that the goal is not to fulfill bodily desires, but to realize the truth of the soul.

The depth and philosophy in KhusroтАЩs poetry are still popular at a global level. His verses are heard in different cultures in various forms, and his spiritual teachings continue to guide people today.

7. Khusro’s Music and Its Influence

Amir Khusro was not only a great poet but also a skilled musician. He introduced new melodies and tunes into Indian music and infused it with the spirit of mysticism. Through his poetry and music, Khusro attempted to lead people toward understanding the truth of spirituality. His music also represented the same mystical philosophy found in his poetry. The meaning of “You have separated the soul from the body, yet you have not realized the essence of the soul” also resonates through his music, as music soothes the soul and awakens it spiritually.

Conclusion

Amir KhusroтАЩs verse “You have separated the soul from the body, yet you have not realized the essence of the soul” expresses a profound truth: that the true essence of a person lies in their soul, while the body is merely a temporary shelter. This verse reflects his poetry, inviting individuals to understand the truth of their soul. KhusroтАЩs verses indicate that a personтАЩs purpose is not to fulfill bodily desires but to purify the soul and attain closeness to God.

Khusro’s poetry and mystical teachings continue to guide us today, reminding us that the true goal of life is not to chase after the temporary things of the world but to understand the truth of our soul and draw closer to God.

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И: ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п╪и█М ╪о╪п┘Е╪з╪к

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И (1253-1325) ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒╪М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪з┘Ж╪┤┘И╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т ╪м┘И █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪п╪з █Б┘И╪ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪к╪з╪л╪▒ ┌й█М╪з█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ┌й╪л█М╪▒ ╪з┘Д╪м█Б╪к ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ╪к┌╛█Т ╪м┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪┤╪╣╪и┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ ╪о╪п┘Е╪з╪к ╪з┘Ж╪м╪з┘Е ╪п█М┌║╪М ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡╪з┘Л ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М╪М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д╪п╪з╪п█Б ╪з┘Б╪▒╪з╪п ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘╛╪│┘Ж╪п ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘╛╪▒ ╪п█М╪▒┘╛╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪з╪и╪к╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ┘╛█М╪п╪з╪ж╪┤ 1253 ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪┤█Б╪▒ ╪п█Б┘Д█М ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪о╪з┘Ж╪п╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И╪ж█М ╪к┌╛█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘И╪з┘Д╪п ┌й╪з ┘Ж╪з┘Е ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪│╪╣█М╪п ╪к┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┌Ш╪з╪п ╪о╪з┘Ж╪п╪з┘Ж ╪│█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█Т ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘И╪з┘Д╪п█Б ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪╣╪▒┘И┘Б ╪о╪з┘Ж╪п╪з┘Ж ╪│█Т ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪з╪и╪к╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ╪п█Б┘Д█М ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И╪ж█М╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪╣╪▒╪и█М╪М ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ╪╣┘Д┘И┘Е ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ┌й╪з ╪в╪║╪з╪▓ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪з┘Ж╪┤┘И╪▒ ┌й█М ╪н█М╪л█М╪к ╪│█Т █Б┘И╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪м┘Д╪п █Б█М ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е█Б╪з╪▒╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┘Д┌п█Т█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪и┌Ж┘╛┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Ж┘И╪м┘И╪з┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ╪п┘И╪▒ █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│┘Д╪з┘Е█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪з ╪│┘Ж┌п┘Е ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п█Б┘Д█М ╪│┘Д╪╖┘Ж╪к ┌й█М ╪н┌й┘И┘Е╪к ╪│┘Д╪╖┘Ж╪к┘Р ╪п█Б┘Д█М ┌й█Т ╪в╪о╪▒█М ╪з█М╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к┌╛█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪│█М╪з╪│█М╪М ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪з╪к ┌й┘И ┘В╪▒█М╪и ╪│█Т ╪п█М┌й┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒┘Р ╪│┘Д╪╖╪з┘Ж ╪║█М╪з╪л ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ╪и┘Д╪и┘Ж ╪│█Т ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и╪╣╪п ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Ж█М ╪╡┘Д╪з╪н█М╪к┘И┌║ ┌й█М ┘В╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж┌╛█М┌║ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М╪М ╪╣╪▒╪и█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б┘Ж╪п█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪┤╪╣╪▒╪з╪б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘Д┘Е╪з╪б ╪│█Т ┘Е╪к╪з╪л╪▒ █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ┘Е┘И┘В╪╣ ┘Е┘Д╪з█Ф

╪з╪п╪и█М ╪о╪п┘Е╪з╪к

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪п╪з╪ж╪▒█Б ╪и█Б╪к ┘И╪│█М╪╣ ╪к┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М╪з╪М ╪м┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М╪М █Б┘Ж╪п█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е█М ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж█М┌║ ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д █Б█М┌║█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪и╪▒╪м╪│╪к█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б╪М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б╪М ╪╣╪┤┘В╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪м┌╛┘Д┌й█М╪з┌║ ┘Е┘Д╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ┘В╪│┘Е ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М ┘Б█Б┘Е ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╕█Б╪▒ ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф

1. ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М╪▒█М╪ж╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪в╪║╪з╪▓ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪│█Т ┌й█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й┘Д╪з╪│█М┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ╪м█М╪│█Т ╪╣╪┤┘В╪М ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б ╪и█Б╪к ╪▓█М╪з╪п█Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█Б┘Д ╪и█М╪к ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪н┘В█М┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┘Е╪м╪з╪▓█М ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ┘Б╪▒┘В ┌й┘И ╪и┌С█М ┘Е█Б╪з╪▒╪к ╪│█Т ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘Е╪к╪з╪▓ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┌й█М ╪н█М╪л█М╪к ╪│█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ┌й╪з ╪╣┌й╪з╪│ ┘И╪з╪╢╪н ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ╪м┌╛┘Д┌й█М╪з┌║ █Б┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒╪з╪║╪и ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ╪▒╪╢╪з ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪з╪к █Б█М┌║╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪о█М╪з┘Д╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌С█М ┘Ж╪▓╪з┌й╪к ╪│█Т ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

2. █Б┘Ж╪п█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ “╪п█Б┘Д┘И█М” █М╪з “╪о╪│╪▒┘И█М” ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪в╪║╪з╪▓

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ █Б┘Ж╪п█М ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т █Б┘Ж╪п█М ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к█Б╪░█М╪и ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪м┌╛┘Д┌й╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п█М ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м ┘╛█М╪п╪з ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪з┘Е ┌й█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █Б┘Ж╪п█М ╪и┘И┘Д ┌Ж╪з┘Д ┌й█М ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ┌й█М╪з╪М ╪м╪│ ╪│█Т ┘И█Б ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е█М ╪│╪╖╪н ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е┘В╪и┘И┘Д █Б┘И╪ж█Т█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т “╪п█Б┘Д┘И█М” █М╪з “╪о╪│╪▒┘И█М” ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М╪М ╪м┘И ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б┘Ж╪п█М ┌й█М ╪в┘Е█М╪▓╪┤ ╪к┌╛█М█Ф █М█Б ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ┘Д╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪▒╪м╪н╪з┘Ж ╪и┘Ж ┌п╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪┤╪з█Б╪▒╪з█Б ┌й█М ╪и┘Ж█М╪з╪п ╪▒┌й┌╛█М█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪о┘Д╪╡█М╪М ┘Ж█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪к█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з┘В╪п╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪м┌╛┘Д┌й█М╪з┌║ ┘Е┘Д╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф

3. ╪║╪▓┘Д█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Т

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪║╪▓┘Д█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Т ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п╪▒╪и╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М╪М ╪│┘Д╪з╪╖█М┘Ж ┌й█М ╪╣╪╕┘Е╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┌й█М ┘И╪│╪╣╪к╪М ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪╕█Б╪з╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪ж█Т ╪╖╪▒█М┘В█Т ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Д╪░╪к ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛█М ╪╣┘Ж╪╡╪▒ ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪з█Б╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪к┌╛█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┌п╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ┘Е┘И╪▓┘И┌║ ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф

4. ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪│█Т ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪о╪╡┘И╪╡ ┘В╪│┘Е ┌й█М ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к█М ╪┤╪п╪к╪М ┘Б┌й╪▒█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪п█М┘Ж█М ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪│█Т ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒╪о ╪п█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪▒┘Ж┌п ╪п█М╪з█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪к╪╡┘И╪▒ “╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘Д┘░█Б█М” ╪з┘И╪▒ “┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪о╪п╪з┘И┘Ж╪п█М” ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪и┘Ж█М╪з╪п█М ╪╣┘Ж╪╡╪▒ ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪╣┘В█М╪п█Б ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з┘Д┘Д█Б ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛┘И╪┤█М╪п█Б █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪╕█Б╪з╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т █Б┘И╪к╪з ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф

┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█Т ╪в╪л╪з╪▒ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┌й┘Д╪з╪│█М┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█М ╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й┘И ┘Ж╪ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪м╪п█М╪п ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█М ╪и┘Ж█М╪з╪п ╪▒┌й┌╛█М█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪з█Б╪▒ ╪▒╪и╪з╪и ╪│╪з╪▓ ╪к┌╛█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪и┘Ж╪з╪ж█Т █Б┘И╪ж█Т ╪в┘Д╪з╪к ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ┌й┘Д╪з╪│█М┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█М ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е┘И┌С ╪п█М╪з█Ф

╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█Т ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м ╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪╖╪▒╪▓┘Р ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┘╛█М╪п╪з ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪│ ┌й┘И “╪о╪│╪▒┘И╪ж█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М” ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪м╪з┘Ж╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛╪з┌й╪│╪к╪з┘Ж╪М █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪╣┘Д╪з┘В┘И┌║ ┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█М ╪к╪з╪л█М╪▒╪з╪к ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ╪к┌╛█М┌║█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪▓ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┌й┘Д╪з╪│█М┌й█М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ ╪з╪п╪з ┌й█М╪з█Ф

╪п█М┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о█М ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п█М┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о█М ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е╪з╪к ╪и┌╛█М ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д █Б█М┌║█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж█Б ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ╪к┌╛█М┌║█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ┘Е╪│┘Д┘Е╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒ ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ┘Б┌й╪▒█М ┘Ж┘В╪╖█Б ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┘Д╪░╪к┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒╪з╪║╪и ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│┘Д┘И╪и

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪з╪│┘Д┘И╪и ╪и█Б╪к ┘Е┘Ж┘Б╪▒╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и╪з╪з╪л╪▒ ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Д┘Б╪з╪╕ ┌й█М ╪│╪з╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪╣┘Ж█М ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ┘Е╪л╪з┘Д ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┘Д╪╖╪з┘Б╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤█М╪▒█М┘Ж█М █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й┘И ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б╪М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И┘Е╪з┘Ж┘И█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘Ж┘Б╪▒╪п ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ╪┤╪╣╪▒╪з╪б ╪│█Т ┘Е┘Е╪к╪з╪▓ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М╪▒╪з╪л

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й╪з┘Е ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪в┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█М ┌й╪ж█М ┘Ж╪│┘Д┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ┘╛┌С╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д╪п╪з╪п█Б ╪з┘Б╪▒╪з╪п ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘В█М┘Е╪к█М ╪о╪▓╪з┘Ж█Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪п╪и╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪з┘Ж┘В┘Д╪з╪и ╪и╪▒┘╛╪з ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б╪М ╪╣╪┤┘В╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪з┘Е█М╪▒ ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒╪М ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В╪з╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪з┘Ж╪┤┘И╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т ╪м┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘╛┘И╪▒█Т ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е ╪з╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о╪│╪▒┘И ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┘Е╪к╪з╪л╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█М ┘И╪▒╪з╪л╪к █Б┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪│┌й┌╛╪з╪к█М █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ █Б╪▒ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б ╪▒█Б╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

Amir Khusro: Life and Literary Contributions

Amir Khusro (1253тАУ1325) was a renowned poet, musician, and intellectual born in India, whose poetry deeply influenced not only Persian literature but also Indian culture. He was a multifaceted personality who made significant contributions in various fields, particularly in poetry, music, and history. His works continue to be highly appreciated among literature enthusiasts, and his creations have had a lasting impact on both Indian and Persian literature.

Early Life of Amir Khusro

Amir Khusro was born in 1253 near Delhi, India, into an Iranian family. His father, Amir Saeed, was of Iranian descent, and his mother belonged to a well-known family. Khusro received his early education in Delhi, where he learned Arabic, Persian, and other sciences. His education began with a focus on becoming a scholar and intellectual, and he quickly developed a mastery of literature and poetry.

KhusroтАЩs childhood and youth coincided with a period of cultural fusion between Indian and Islamic cultures. During this time, the Delhi Sultanate was nearing its end, and Khusro closely observed the political, social, and cultural circumstances of the era. He was associated with the court of Sultan Ghiyas-ud-Din Balban, and later, his poetry and artistic skills were greatly appreciated. During this period, he had the opportunity to be influenced by Persian, Arabic, and Hindi poets and scholars.

Literary Contributions

Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry spanned a wide range of topics, and he composed works in various languages, including Persian, Hindi, and other local languages. He was an eloquent poet, and his works often explored themes of philosophy, mysticism, love, and courtly life. His poetry represented a unique blend of spirituality, affection, and intellectual depth.

  1. Persian Poetry

Amir Khusro began his career with Persian poetry, and his Persian verses frequently touched on classical themes such as love, nature, and spirituality. His Persian poetry was deeply influenced by mysticism and his love for the family of the Prophet. Khusro skillfully delineated the distinction between divine love (ishq-haqiqi) and worldly love (ishq majazi) in his verses. As a distinguished poet, he holds a prominent place in Persian literature.

His poetry often reflected wisdom and philosophy, and it was evident that Khusro sought to transcend worldly pleasures in search of divine approval. His Persian works exhibited mystical qualities, where he conveyed his thoughts with remarkable subtlety.

  1. Hindi Poetry and the Emergence of “Dehlvi” or “Khusro” Language

Alongside Persian, Amir Khusro also composed poetry in Hindi, reflecting the beauty of the language and the culture of the Indian people. Through his Hindi poetry, Khusro pioneered a unique blend of Persian and Indian literature, fostering a new cultural fusion within Indian society. He not only wrote in Persian but also incorporated spoken Hindi into his works, which made him popular at the local level.

Khusro also contributed to the development of a new linguistic trend by creating the “Dehlvi” or “Khusro” language, which was a mix of Persian and Hindi. This language became a new linguistic movement and laid the foundation for a new literary path in Indian literature. His works showcased his sincerity, goodness, and moral values.

  1. Ghazals and Qasidas

Ghazals and qasidas (odes) held special importance in Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry. His verses depicted courtly life, the grandeur of rulers, and the spiritual journey of humankind. The breadth of themes, emotional intensity, and innovative expression were prominent in KhusroтАЩs ghazals. His poetry also featured elements of music and pleasure, as he was a skilled musician, and his verses were often sung with musical accompaniment.

  1. Mysticism and Spirituality

Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry was deeply intertwined with mysticism and spirituality. His works carried an emotional intensity, intellectual depth, and a religious message. KhusroтАЩs love for mysticism gave his poetry a spiritual dimension, and his central theme of “Divine Love” (Ishq Ilahi) and “GodтАЩs Love” was foundational to his work. He believed that the true essence of life was hidden in God’s love, and this belief was expressed through his poetry.

Amir Khusro’s Role in Music

In addition to being a poet, Amir Khusro was also a renowned musician. His contributions to music are still alive today in the form of various classical music traditions in India. Khusro presented Indian music in a new light, laying the foundation for a modern form of music. He was a master of the rubab (a string instrument) and his invented musical instruments revolutionized the history of classical Indian music.

By blending Persian and Indian music, he created a unique musical style known as “Khusroian Music.” His music incorporated influences from Pakistan, India, and Iran. KhusroтАЩs instruments and musical compositions played a crucial role in the development of classical music in India.

Religious and Historical Role

Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry also contained deep religious and historical messages. He was famous in India as a mystic and his poetry was rich in Islamic teachings. Through his poetry, Khusro spiritually and morally awakened Muslims, presenting a new philosophical perspective that encouraged individuals to transcend worldly pleasures and turn their attention toward spiritual pursuits.

KhusroтАЩs Style and Expression

Amir KhusroтАЩs style was distinct and influential. His poetry was characterized by a simplicity of words combined with profound meanings, offering a new kind of poetry. The delicacy and sweetness in his verses kept his work alive through the ages. His poetry presented a unique blend of philosophy, mysticism, and romance, which set him apart from other poets of his time.

Amir Khusro’s Influence and Legacy

The impact of Amir KhusroтАЩs poetry and works extended not only to his contemporaries but also to generations that followed. His poetry remains a priceless treasure for those passionate about Persian and Urdu literature. KhusroтАЩs verses brought about a revolution in literature, philosophy, and music. His teachings on mysticism, love, and devotion to God continue to inspire spiritual quests today.

Conclusion

Amir Khusro was a great poet, musician, and intellectual who achieved prominence not only in India but across the Islamic world. His works remain alive today, and his influence is felt worldwide. The themes of spirituality, love, and nature in his poetry continue to affect human lives. His legacy in both poetry and music teaches us that the language of literature and art transcends time, staying relevant in every era.

┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М: ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Б ╪п╪▒ ┘Е╪п╪н ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪и┘Ж ┘Е┘И╪│█М ╪з┘Д╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е

┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М (╪╣┘Д█М ╪и┘Ж ╪з╪и╪▒╪з█Б█М┘Е) ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪к╪▒█М┘Ж ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│█Т ╪к┌╛█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪п╪и╪М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪з╪╣┘Д█М┘░ ╪│╪╖╪н ┌й█М ┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪и┌С╪з ╪н╪╡█Б ╪п█М┘Ж█М╪М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪┤╪к┘Е┘Д ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з█Б┘Д ╪и█М╪к ╪╣┘Д█М█Б┘Е ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪╣┘В█М╪п╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪и┘Ж ┘Е┘И╪│█М ╪з┘Д╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┌й█М ╪╣╪╕┘Е╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п ┘╛╪з█М█Б ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Б ┘Д┌й┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ┌й█М ╪┤╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М╪│█М ╪│╪к╪з╪ж╪┤ ┌й█М ╪м┘И █Б╪▒ ╪│╪╖╪н ┘╛╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪л╪з╪и╪к ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е╪М ╪м┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪и┘Ж ┘Е┘И╪│█М ┌й█Т ┘Д┘В╪и ╪│█Т ╪м╪з┘Ж╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з╪│┘Д╪з┘Е█М ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ┌й█Т ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪к╪▒█М┘Ж ╪╣┘Д┘Е╪з╪б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤┘Е╪з╪▒ █Б┘И╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪в┘╛ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ╪╣┘Д┘Е╪М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪│┘Д┘Е╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┌И╪з┘Д╪з█Ф ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪▓┘Е╪з┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪│┘Д┘Е╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И █Б╪п╪з█М╪к ╪п█М┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ┌й╪з┘Е ┌й█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е █Б┘Е╪з╪▒█Т ┘Д╪ж█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б █Б█Т█Ф ┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪│ ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪╣╪╕┘Е╪к╪М ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б┘Д╪з╪н█М ╪о╪п┘Е╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

1. ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б

╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪и┘Ж ┘Е┘И╪│█М ╪з┘Д╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ┘И┘Д╪з╪п╪к 766 ╪╣█М╪│┘И█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪п█М┘Ж█Б ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И╪ж█М█Ф ╪в┘╛ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ┘Е┘И╪│█М ┌й╪з╪╕┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪и█М┘╣█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ┘Ж╪│┘Д ╪│█Т ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪в┘╛ ┌й╪з ╪┤┘Е╪з╪▒ ╪п╪│┘И█М┌║ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й╪з ╪п┘И╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪п┘И╪▒ ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б ╪в┘╛ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й┘И ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪╣╪к╪и╪з╪▒ ╪│█Т ┘Е╪│┘Д┘Е╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й█Т ┘Д╪ж█Т ┘И┘В┘Б ┌й╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪в┘╛ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪в┘╛ ┌й█Т ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е╪з╪к ┘Е╪│┘Д┘Е╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й█Т ┘Д╪ж█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤╪╣┘Д ╪▒╪з█Б ╪и┘Ж█Т█Ф

╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й┘И ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┘И ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ┘Д╪ж█Т ╪и█Б╪к ╪│╪▒╪з█Б╪з ┌п█М╪з█Ф ╪в┘╛ ┌й┘И ╪╣┘Д┘И┘Е ┘В╪▒╪в┘Ж ┘И ╪│┘Ж╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е█Б╪з╪▒╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ╪к┌╛█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪в┘╛ ┌й█Т ╪о╪╖╪и╪з╪к╪М ╪в╪▒╪з╪б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е╪з╪к ┘Е╪│┘Д┘Е╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д╪ж█Т ┘Е╪┤╪╣┘Д ╪▒╪з█Б █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█Б┘Е ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪к █М█Б ╪к┌╛█М ┌й█Б ╪в┘╛ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┘И ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪│╪з┘И╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ╪п█М█Ф ╪в┘╛ ┌й╪з █М█Б ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪│┘Д┘Е╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪в┘╛ ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪║█М╪и ╪п█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

2. ┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ╪│█Т ╪╣┘В█М╪п╪к

┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪╣╪╕┘Е╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪и█Т ╪┤┘Е╪з╪▒ ┘Е╪▒╪к╪и█Б ╪│╪▒╪з█Б╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Д ╪и█М╪к ╪│█Т ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘В█М╪п╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪╕█Б╪з╪▒ ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┌й┘И ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪╣╪╡┘И┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪╣╪╕┘Е╪к ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Е┘Д ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ┘Е╪п╪н ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪│ ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Т ┌й┘И ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В ┌й█М╪з╪М ┘И█Б ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪┤╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Д╪з╪▓┘И╪з┘Д ╪о╪▒╪з╪м ╪╣┘В█М╪п╪к █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ╪и┌╛█М ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█М █Б┘И╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪╡┘Б╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘И█Б █Б╪▒ ┘Е╪│┘Д┘Е╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪▓╪к ┘И ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪и╪з╪╣╪л ╪и┘Ж█Т█Ф

3. ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘Д┘Е

┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█Т ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪и┌С█М ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪к ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┘И ╪н┌й┘Е╪к █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й┘И ╪м┘И ╪╣┘Д┘Е ╪╣╪╖╪з █Б┘И╪з ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ┘И█Б ╪и█Т ┘Е╪л╪з┘Д ╪к┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┘Ж█Т ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪и┘Ж╪з┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ ╪з╪п╪з ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪│┘Д┘Е╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪к┘Е╪з┘Е ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ┌й┘И ┘В╪▒╪в┘Ж ┘И ╪│┘Ж╪к ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪н┘Д ┌й█М╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б█М ┘И╪м█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪в┘╛ ┌й┘И “╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е ╪в┘Д ┘Е╪н┘Е╪п” █М╪╣┘Ж█М ╪в┘Д ┘Е╪н┘Е╪п ┌й█Т ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е ┌й█Т ┘Д┘В╪и ╪│█Т ┘Ж┘И╪з╪▓╪з ┌п█М╪з█Ф

┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б ╪з╪│ ╪╖╪▒╪н ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ╪к┌╛█Т ╪м┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪╣┘Д┘Е █Б╪▒ ╪м█Б╪к ╪│█Т ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪│┘Д╪з┘Е█М ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к█М╪М ┘Е╪░█Б╪и█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ┌й┘И ╪н┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪п╪п ┌й█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪в┘╛ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪▒╪з█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й█М█Ф ┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ┌й█Т ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б┘И╪ж█Т ┌й█Б╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М╪к ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪│┌Ж╪з╪ж█М ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

4. ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪╡┘Б╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒

╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и┌С█М ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪к ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪в┘╛ ┌й╪з ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В ╪и█Б╪к ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п ╪к┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪в┘╛ ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪о╪п┘Е╪к ┌й█М█Ф ╪в┘╛ ┌й╪з ╪│┘Д┘И┌й █Б┘Е█М╪┤█Б ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪и┘Ж█М ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з█Б┘Д ╪о╪з┘Ж█Б ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘╛█М╪▒┘И┌й╪з╪▒┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к┘Е╪з┘Е ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪з┌Ж┌╛█Т ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╕╪з█Б╪▒█Б ┌й█М╪з█Ф

┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ┌й█Т ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б ╪з╪│ ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ┌й╪з █Б╪▒ ╪╣┘Е┘Д ╪з█М┌й ╪│╪и┘В █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪в ┌й╪▒ ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ╪п█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪│┌й┌╛╪з█М╪з ┌й█Б ┌й╪│ ╪╖╪▒╪н ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ╪▒╪╢╪з ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й╪▒┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪╣╪╕┘Е╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪╡┘Б╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ┘В╪п╪▒ ┘Е╪п╪н ┌й█М █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪и╪з╪п╪к ┌й█М ┘Е╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪п ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

5. ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ┘Е╪п╪н ┘Е█М┌║ ┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ┘Е╪п╪н ┌й█М ╪м┘И ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к █Б█Т ┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ╪│█Т ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й█М█Ф ┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪╣╪╕┘Е╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з█Б┘Д ╪и█М╪к ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘В█М╪п╪к ┌й╪з ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪и┌╛█М ╪п█М╪з█Ф ┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Б ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪░╪о█М╪▒█Б █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б █Б█Т█Ф

╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪╣╪з┘Е ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з ┌й█М ╪н█М╪л█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й┘И ╪и█Т ╪┤┘Е╪з╪▒ ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┌п█Б ╪п┘Д╪з╪ж█М█Ф ┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪│╪╖╪н ┘╛╪▒ ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪│┘Д┘Е╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И █М┌й╪м╪з ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з█Ф

6. ┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Б ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ┘Е╪п╪н ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪з╪п╪и█М ╪┤╪з█Б┌й╪з╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪╡┘Б╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┌й╪з┘Е┘Д ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█Т ╪з╪│ ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Т ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪│┘Д┘Е╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й┘И ┘Е╪▓█М╪п ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪│╪и╪и ╪и┘Ж╪з█Ф

╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М╪к ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█М █Б┘И╪ж█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е╪│┘Д┘Е╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д╪ж█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж┘Е┘И┘Ж█Б ╪╣┘Е┘Д █Б█Т█Ф ┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█Т ╪з╪│ ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Т ┌й█М ┘Е╪п╪п ╪│█Т ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ┌й┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й┘И┘Ж█Т ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з█М╪з ┌п█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪╣╪╕┘Е╪к ┌й┘И ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ┘Е╪п╪н ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Д╪з╪▓┘И╪з┘Д ╪з╪╕█Б╪з╪▒ █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е╪│┘Д┘Е╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌С┌╛╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪п█М┘Ж█М ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж█Т ╪в╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┘Е╪│┘Д┘Е╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д╪ж█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з╪│ ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б ╪и┘Ж█М █Б█Т█Ф

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Б ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ┌й█М ╪┤╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е █Б█Т ╪м┘И █Б╪▒ ┘Е╪│┘Д┘Е╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ┌й█Т ┘Д╪ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘В█М╪п╪к ┌й┘И ╪м┘Д╪з ╪и╪о╪┤╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Б ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪╣╪╕┘Е╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е╪│┘Д┘Е╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д╪ж█Т ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪и╪з╪╣╪л █Б█Т█Ф

Qa’ani: Poem in Praise of Imam Ali ibn Musa al-Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him)

Qa’ani (Ali ibn Ibrahim) was one of the greatest poets of Iran, representing high levels of literature, ethics, and spirituality in his poetry. Much of his work focused on religious, ethical, and cultural themes, and he highlighted his devotion and love for the Ahl al-Bayt (Peace Be Upon Them). To describe the greatness, intellectual, spiritual, and ethical status of Imam Ali ibn Musa al-Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him), Qa’ani wrote a high-ranking poem. In this poem, he praises Imam Ridha in a way that proves his significance at all levels.

Imam Ali Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him), known as Imam Ali ibn Musa, is regarded as one of the greatest scholars in Islamic history. His spirituality, knowledge, ethics, and wisdom had a profound impact on the lives of Muslims. Imam Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him) not only guided Muslims during his time but his message continues to serve as a guide for us today. Qa’ani’s poem elaborates on Imam Ridha’s greatness, scholarly position, and philanthropic services.

1. Introduction to Imam Ali Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him)

Imam Ali ibn Musa Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him) was born in 766 CE in Medina. He was the son of Imam Musa Kazim (Peace Be Upon Him) and a descendant of Imam Ali (Peace Be Upon Him). He is considered the eighth Imam. Imam Ridha’s time was significant because he dedicated his life to guiding Muslims both intellectually and spiritually. His life and messages became a guiding light for Muslims.

Imam Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him) was highly praised for his knowledge and wisdom. He was well-versed in the sciences of the Quran and Sunnah, and his sermons, views, and messages continue to guide Muslims. One of Imam Ridha’s most notable traits was that through his knowledge and wisdom, he taught people about justice and equality. This message remains important today, and Muslims worldwide are encouraged to follow his teachings.

2. Qa’ani’s Poetry and Devotion to Imam Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him)

In Qa’ani’s poetry, the greatness and stature of Imam Ali Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him) are praised countless times. Qa’ani was not only a poet but also a mystic and philosopher. His poetry prominently expresses love and devotion to the Ahl al-Bayt, presenting Imam Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him) as an innocent and spiritually exalted figure.

The poem Qa’ani created in praise of Imam Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him) is not only an eternal tribute to the Imam but also carries a spiritual quest. In his poetry, Qa’ani highlights the Imam’s attributes, portraying him in such a way that invokes respect and love in the hearts of all Muslims.

3. Imam Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him)’s Spirituality and Knowledge

One of the most prominent features in Qa’ani’s poem about Imam Ali Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him) is his knowledge and wisdom. The knowledge granted to Imam Ridha was unparalleled and played a key role in improving people’s lives. Imam Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him) solved the problems of Muslims by referencing the Quran and Sunnah, which is why he was bestowed with the title of “Alim Ahl Muhammad” (The Scholar of the Family of Muhammad).

In Qa’ani’s poetry, the Imam’s erudition is presented as being elevated in all aspects. Imam Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him)’s knowledge helped resolve social, religious, and political issues within Islamic society. He continually provided guidance to people during his life. Qa’ani emphasizes the importance of Imam Ridha’s knowledge, describing it as a light that guides people towards truth.

4. Imam Ali Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him)’s Traits and Ethical Character

Another major trait of Imam Ali Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him) was his ethics. His ethics were highly elevated, and he always served humanity. His behavior was always based on wisdom and justice. Imam Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him) demonstrated good ethics not only with his family but also with his followers and all people.

In Qa’ani’s poetry, Imam Ridha’s moral character is depicted in such a way that every action of the Imam becomes a lesson. Imam Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him) came into this world to provide people with ethical and spiritual teachings, showing them how to seek God’s pleasure. Qa’ani praises Imam Ridha’s greatness and moral qualities in such a way that his words feel like an act of worship.

5. The Importance of Qa’ani’s Poetry in Praise of Imam Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him)

The significance of Qa’ani’s poetry in praise of Imam Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him) lies in how he reflects the Imam’s character through his poetry. Qa’ani not only expresses the Imam’s greatness but also conveys a message of love and devotion to the Ahl al-Bayt. Qa’ani’s poem is an important repository of Imam Ridha’s spirituality and knowledge, which continues to live in the hearts of people today.

His poetry helped convey Imam Ridha’s messages and teachings to the general public, positioning Imam Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him) as a great spiritual leader in the hearts of countless people. Through Qa’ani’s poetry, Imam Ridha’s personality was recognized on a global scale, uniting Muslims worldwide in their love for the Imam.

6. Qa’ani’s Poem and Its Impact

Qa’ani’s poem in praise of Imam Ali Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him) is a literary masterpiece. In this poem, he praises the Imam’s intellectual, spiritual, and moral qualities, presenting him as a perfect human being. Qa’ani’s poem has earned a significant place in Persian poetry, and it has deepened the love for Imam Ridha in the hearts of Muslims worldwide.

Qa’ani’s poetry about Imam Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him) highlights the spirituality and knowledge embedded in the Imam’s character, which continues to serve as a role model for Muslims today. Through this poem, the teachings of Imam Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him) have been spread to every corner of the world, and his spiritual greatness has been acknowledged.

Conclusion

Qa’ani’s poetry in praise of Imam Ali Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him) is a profound and timeless expression that continues to enhance the love for Imam Ridha in the hearts of Muslims. Qa’ani presents the Imam not only as a religious leader but as a great intellectual, spiritual, and moral figure. The teachings and character of Imam Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him) are a source of guidance for Muslims, and Qa’ani’s poetry has become an essential medium to highlight this guidance. Qa’ani’s poem in praise of Imam Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him) carries a deep and beautiful message that ignites love and reverence for Imam Ridha in the heart of every Muslim. This poem not only reflects the greatness of Imam Ridha (Peace Be Upon Him) but also highlights his teachings and spirituality, which continue to serve as a source of guidance for Muslims today.

┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М: ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п╪и█М ╪о╪п┘Е╪з╪к

┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М (╪╣┘Д█М ╪и┘Ж ╪з╪и╪▒╪з█Б█М┘Е) ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒╪М ╪з╪п█М╪и╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е ╪к┌╛█Т ╪м┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М ╪о╪п┘Е╪з╪к ╪│█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й█М╪з█Ф ┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘╛┘И╪▒█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з╪ж█Т ╪з╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒╪м╪н╪з┘Ж ┘╛█М╪п╪з ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б╪М ╪п█М┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█М ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘Е╪п█Б ╪▓╪и╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п╪и█М ╪о╪п┘Е╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪║┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б┘И╪ж█Т █М█Б ┌й█Б╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д╪п╪з╪п█Б ╪з┘Б╪▒╪з╪п ┌й█Т ┘Д╪ж█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪и█М╪┤ ┘В█М┘Е╪к ╪о╪▓╪з┘Ж█Б █Б█Т█Ф ┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й█М╪з╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ╪з╪│┘Д╪з┘Е█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█Б┘Д ╪и█М╪к ╪│█Т ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪╣┌й╪│ ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М

┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ┘И┘Д╪з╪п╪к 1800 ╪╣█М╪│┘И█М (1215┌╛) ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪┤█Б╪▒ ╪к╪и╪▒█М╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И╪ж█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘╛┘И╪▒╪з ┘Ж╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪и┘Ж ╪з╪и╪▒╪з█Б█М┘Е ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪к╪о┘Д╪╡ ┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ┘В╪з╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█Т ╪о╪з┘Ж╪п╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪н┘Д┘В┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘И╪з┘Д╪п ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪╣╪▒┘И┘Б ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪з╪и╪к╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ┌й█Т ╪п┘И╪▒╪з┘Ж █Б█М ┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪░█Б╪з┘Ж╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ┌п┘И╪ж█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┘Д┌Ж╪│┘╛█М ┘И╪з╪╢╪н █Б┘И ┌п╪ж█М ╪к┌╛█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪о╪з┘Ж╪п╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М ┘Б╪╢╪з ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪в╪║╪з╪▓ ┌й┘И ╪в╪│╪з┘Ж ╪и┘Ж╪з ╪п█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪м┘Д╪п █Б█М ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е█М ╪┤╪╣╪▒╪з╪б ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж█Т ╪м╪з┘Ж█Т ┘Д┌п█Т█Ф

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Б╪к ╪│╪з╪▒█М ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М ╪к╪и╪п█М┘Д█М╪з┌║ ╪в╪ж█М┌║█Ф ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╡┘Б┘И█М ╪│┘Д╪╖┘Ж╪к ┌й╪з ╪▓┘И╪з┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘В╪з╪м╪з╪▒█М ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪в╪║╪з╪▓ █Б┘И╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ╪к╪и╪п█М┘Д█М┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п┘И╪▒╪з┘Ж ┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│┘Д╪з┘Е█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪п█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪▒┘И╪м█Б ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪з╪к ┌й█Т ╪╣┘Д╪з┘И█Б ╪з█Б┘Д ╪и█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е╪М ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪и┘Ж ┘Е┘И╪│█М ╪з┘Д╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б ┌й╪л╪▒╪к ╪│█Т ┘Е┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪в╪║╪з╪▓

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪в╪║╪з╪▓ ┘Ж┘И╪м┘И╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е█М┌║ █Б█М ┌й╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪и╪к╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒┘И┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ╪║╪з┘Д╪и ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪к╪з█Б┘Е╪М ╪м█М╪│█Т ╪м█М╪│█Т ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п█М┘Ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█М ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ┌И╪з┘Д█М╪М ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Д ╪и█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│┘Д╪з┘Е█М ╪╣┘В╪з╪ж╪п ┌й█Т ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┘Д┌п█Т█Ф ┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘И┘Е╪з┘Ж┘И█М╪к ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ┘И ╪п█М┘Ж█М ╪з┘В╪п╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪м┌╛┘Д┌й█М╪з┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┌й┌╛╪з╪ж█М ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪н╪з┘Е┘Д ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█Т ╪и┘Ж█М╪з╪п█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║╪М ╪╣╪п┘Д╪М ╪з┘Ж╪╡╪з┘Б╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪о█М╪з┘Д ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ╪╖╪з┘В╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з┌Ж┌╛█Т ┌й╪з┘Е┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒╪з╪║╪и ┌й╪▒ ╪│┌й╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ┘И█Б ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪л╪и╪к ╪к╪и╪п█М┘Д█М ┘Д╪з ╪│┌й╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ╪п█М┘Ж█М ╪▒╪м╪н╪з┘Ж

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪п█М┘Ж█М ╪▒┘Ж┌п ┘╛╪з█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Д ╪и█М╪к ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪╣╪╕┘Е╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е╪з╪к ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В╪з╪к ┌й╪з ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ ╪и┘Ж╪з█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з█Б┘Д ╪и█М╪к ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪в┌п╪з█Б ╪и┌╛█М ┌й█М╪з█Ф ┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е╪М ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪┤╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┘В╪╡╪з╪ж╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┌й╪л╪▒╪к ╪│█Т ┘Е┘Д╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ┘Е╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ╪з█Б┘Д ╪и█М╪к ┌й╪з ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е╪│┘Д┘Е╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪л╪з┘Д █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛┘И╪▒█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛┌╛█М┘Д╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒╪к █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б█М ┘И╪м█Б █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪╣╪╕┘Е╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪╣╪з┘Е ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ┌й█М ┘В╪▒╪и╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ┌й█М ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ┌й█М ╪м┌╛┘Д┌й█М╪з┌║ ┘Е┘Д╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪╣┘Д╪з┘И█Б╪М ┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│┘Д╪з┘Е█М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М╪з╪к╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ╪▒╪╢╪з ┌й█Т ╪н╪╡┘И┘Д ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з█Ф

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ┌й╪ж█М ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ╪│█Т ╪п█М┌й┌╛╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е █Б█Т█Ф ┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И█Б ╪╣█Б╪п ╪н╪з╪╢╪▒ ┌й█М ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ╪╡┘И╪▒╪к╪н╪з┘Д ┘╛╪▒ ╪к┘Ж┘В█М╪п ┌й╪▒╪к█Т ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ┘Ж┘И╪╣ ┌й█М ╪│╪з╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┘╛╪│┘Ж╪п█М █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┌й█М ┘И╪м█Б ╪│█Т ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪╣█Б╪п ┌й█Т ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪и█Б╪к ┘Е┘В╪и┘И┘Д █Б┘И╪ж█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪╣┘Д╪з┘И█Б╪М ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪з ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪к╪м╪▓█М█Б ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ╪п┘И╪│╪▒╪з ╪з█Б┘Е ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Д ╪и█М╪к ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪╣┘В█М╪п╪к ┘И ┘Е╪н╪и╪к █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М╪М ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪н╪│█М┘Ж╪М ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ╪з█Б┘Д ╪и█М╪к ┌й█М ╪┤╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Т ╪┤┘Е╪з╪▒ ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘В╪╡╪з╪ж╪п █Б█М┌║ ╪м┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪╣╪╕┘Е╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Д ╪и█М╪к ┌й█М ┘В╪▒╪и╪з┘Ж█М┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┘И ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ┌й█М ╪к╪╣╪▒█М┘Б ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Б: ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ┘Е╪п╪н

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█Б┘Е ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Б ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪и┘Ж ┘Е┘И╪│█М ╪з┘Д╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ┘Е╪п╪н ┘Е█М┌║ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪╣╪╕┘Е╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Д┘Е╪и█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘Е█М┘В ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В ┌й█М █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ┌й█Т ╪╣┘Д┘Е╪М ╪н┌й┘Е╪к╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪к╪╣╪▒█М┘Б ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┌й┘И ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з┘В╪п╪з╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д█М █Б█Т█Ф

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪╣┘Д█М ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪╣┘Д█М█Б ╪з┘Д╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п█М╪М ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┘И ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪╣╪╕┘Е╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘И█Б █Б╪▒ ┘Е╪│┘Д┘Е╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘В█М╪п╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌С┌╛╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з┘Е╪з┘Е ╪▒╪╢╪з ┌й█М ╪┤╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪и█Б╪к ╪и┌С█М ╪о╪▒╪з╪м ╪╣┘В█М╪п╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д╪п╪з╪п█Б ╪з┘Б╪▒╪з╪п ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤╪╣┘Д ╪▒╪з█Б █Б█Т█Ф

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е: ╪┤╪╣╪▒ ┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘Ж┘Б╪▒╪п ┘Е╪л╪з┘Д

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╣█Б╪п ┌й█Т ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ┘И ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪┤╪╣╪▒╪з╪б ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж┘Е┘И┘Ж█Б ╪╣┘Е┘Д █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ┘╛╪з█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к█М╪М ┘Е╪░█Б╪и█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│█М╪з╪│█М ╪к┘Ж╪з╪╕╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪п╪п ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з█Б┘Д ╪и█М╪к ┌й█М ╪┤╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┘В╪╡╪з╪ж╪п ┘Д┌й┌╛█Т╪М ┘И█Б╪з┌║ ╪з╪│┘Д╪з┘Е█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д╪М ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█Т ╪н┘В┘И┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д█М█Ф

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪▒╪з┘Д█М ┘Д╪╖╪з┘Б╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤█М╪▒█М┘Ж█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ┘╛╪│┘Ж╪п█М╪п█Б ╪и┘Ж╪з╪к█М █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Е█М┘В ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ╪и┌╛█М ┌Ж┌╛┘╛╪з █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█М ┘Е┌й┘Е┘Д ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪╣█Б╪п ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪и╪╣╪п ┘Е█М┌║ ╪в┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█М ┌й╪ж█М ┘Ж╪│┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪к╪з╪л█М╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ╪п█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│┘Д╪з┘Е█М ╪к█Б╪░█М╪и ┘И ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ ╪з╪п╪з ┌й█М╪з█Ф ┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й┘И ┘Е╪к╪з╪л╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘╛┘И╪▒█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з╪ж█Т ╪з╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┘╛┌╛┘И┘Ж┌й█М█Ф

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪▒╪п┘И╪М ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪▒╪и█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪╖┘Д╪и╪з╪б ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘В█М┘Е╪к█М ╪│╪▒┘Е╪з█М█Б █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з┘Д╪╣█Т ╪│█Т █Б┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Б╪к ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ╪│█М┌й┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й┘И ┘Е┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б┘Ж█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ┘Е╪╣┘Ж┘И█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪и┌╛█М ┘╛╪з╪ж█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ┌й█Б █Б╪▒ ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┘Б┌й╪▒ ┘И ╪к╪п╪и╪▒ ┌й█М ╪п╪╣┘И╪к ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪│┘Е╪з╪м█М╪М ╪п█М┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█Б┘Д ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪│╪▒┌Ж╪┤┘Е█Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з█Б┘Д ╪и█М╪к ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│┘Д╪з┘Е█М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М╪з╪к ┌й┘И ┘Б╪▒┘И╪║ ╪п█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ┌Ж┌╛┘╛╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪и╪п█М┘Д█М ┘Д╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪║█М╪и ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘В╪з╪Ф╪в┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪п╪и ┌й╪з ╪о╪▓╪з┘Ж█Б █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з╪╣┘Д█М┘░ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪п╪╣┘И╪к ╪и┌╛█М █Б█Т█Ф

Qa’ani: Life and Literary Contributions

Qa’ani (Ali bin Ibrahim) was a great poet, writer, and scholar from Iran who achieved an important place in Persian literature through his poetry and scholarly contributions. His poetry not only created a new trend in Iran but also across the entire Muslim world. His works reflect deep insight and excellent use of language on ethical, philosophical, religious, and social themes. Considering his life and literary services, it can be said that Qa’ani’s work remains a valuable treasure for literature enthusiasts. Qa’ani not only earned a prominent place in the history of Persian poetry, but his poetry also reflects deep spirituality, Islamic teachings, and love for the Ahl al-Bayt.

Qa’ani’s Life

Qa’ani was born in 1800 CE (1215 AH) in the city of Tabriz, Iran. His full name was Ali bin Ibrahim, and his pen name was Qa’ani. Qa’ani’s family was connected to intellectual and cultural circles, and his father was a well-known scholar. His intelligence and interest in poetry became evident during his early education. The intellectual atmosphere of his family facilitated his entry into poetry, and he soon became known among local poets.

During Qa’ani’s life, many political and social changes occurred. The fall of the Safavid Empire and the rise of the Qajar dynasty were key events. Amid these changes, Qa’ani highlighted social issues through his poetry while emphasizing Islamic teachings. His poetry often included references to the Ahl al-Bayt, particularly Imam Ali (PBUH), Imam Hussein (PBUH), and Imam Ali al-Ridha (PBUH), celebrating their love and sacrifice.

Beginning of Qa’ani’s Poetry

Qa’ani began his poetry in his youth. Initially, his works focused on romantic and philosophical themes. However, as he delved deeper into literature and religious teachings, his poetry began to reflect topics related to the Ahl al-Bayt and Islamic beliefs. Alongside romanticism, his poetry also began to emphasize moral and religious values.

Philosophy and ethics held significant importance in Qa’ani’s poetry. He focused on fundamental human principles such as justice, fairness, and morality. He believed that poetry had the power to guide people toward good actions and could bring about positive change in society.

Qa’ani’s Religious Inclination

Qa’ani’s poetry carries a distinct religious tone. He not only centered his works around the love, greatness, and messages of the Ahl al-Bayt, but also used his poetry to inform people about them. Qa’aniтАЩs poetry frequently included praise for Imam Ali (PBUH), Imam Hussein (PBUH), and Imam Ali al-Ridha (PBUH), highlighting their virtues and sacrifice.

Qa’ani believed that the role and life of the Ahl al-Bayt served as a model for Muslims, and their teachings should be spread worldwide. This is why he used his poetry to elevate their greatness and disseminate their messages. His verses often referenced Imam HusseinтАЩs sacrifice and Imam AliтАЩs wisdom. Furthermore, Qa’ani emphasized the importance of Islamic ethics, spirituality, and seeking God’s pleasure in his poetry.

Key Aspects of Qa’ani’s Poetry

Qa’aniтАЩs poetry can be viewed from several perspectives. One of the key aspects is his philosophical and ethical verses. In his works, he often critiques the social and political conditions of his time. His poetry is characterized by simplicity and realism, which made him immensely popular among the people of his era. Moreover, his poetry offers a deep analysis of human nature and emotions.

Another important aspect of his work is his devotion to the Ahl al-Bayt. Qa’ani’s poetry is filled with verses and odes in praise of Imam Ali, Imam Hussein, Imam Ali al-Ridha, and other members of the Ahl al-Bayt. In these verses, he highlights their sacrifices and their wisdom and knowledge.

Qa’ani’s Most Famous Poem: The Praise of Imam Ali al-Ridha (PBUH)

Qa’aniтАЩs most famous and significant poem is one in praise of Imam Ali bin Musa al-Ridha (PBUH). In this poem, Qa’ani crafted an elaborate and profound piece of poetry to celebrate Imam al-RidhaтАЩs knowledge, wisdom, spirituality, and character. Qa’ani not only focused on Imam RidhaтАЩs personality but also illuminated his teachings and ethical values.

Through this poetry, Qa’ani beautifully depicts Imam RidhaтАЩs spiritual elevation, wisdom, and character, encouraging every Muslim to grow in love and reverence for Imam Ridha. This poem remains a major tribute to Imam Ridha, and is still a guiding light for literature enthusiasts today.

Qa’aniтАЩs Poetry: A Unique Example of Literature and Art

Qa’aniтАЩs poetry serves as a model for contemporary Persian and Urdu poets. His works provide a deep philosophical insight into the social, religious, and political context of his time. Through his poetry, Qa’ani not only penned odes to the Ahl al-Bayt but also shed light on the issues facing the Islamic world, especially human rights and moral principles.

His poetry carries a unique sweetness and delicacy, which not only made it beloved by many but also imbued with profound philosophy. Qa’aniтАЩs verses reflect the internal emotions, spirituality, and aspirations of humanity.

Qa’aniтАЩs Impact and Status

Qa’aniтАЩs impact was felt not only during his time but also in the generations that followed. The influence of his poetry and the importance of his messages remain alive today. His poetry gave new color to Persian literature and played an important role in highlighting Islamic civilization and culture. Qa’aniтАЩs works did not only influence Iranian literature but also inspired a new spirit in the entire Muslim world.

Qa’aniтАЩs poetry remains a precious treasure for students of Urdu, Persian, and Arabic literature. Studying his life and works offers valuable lessons. His poetry not only exhibits artistic beauty but also holds profound meaning and spirituality that invites reflection and contemplation in every era.

Conclusion

Through his poetry, Qa’ani not only highlighted the social, religious, and cultural issues of his time, but also conveyed a depth of wisdom and insight that remains a source of knowledge for scholars today. His poetry promoted the love of the Ahl al-Bayt and Islamic ethics, and within his works lies a spiritual message that continues to inspire people to bring about change in their actions. Qa’aniтАЩs poetry is not just a literary treasure, but a call to a higher standard of humanity.

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М: ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Б ╪п╪▒ ┘И╪╡┘Б ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒

┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒╪М ╪м╪│█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й╪з ╪м┘Ж╪к ┘Ж╪╕█М╪▒ ╪╣┘Д╪з┘В█Б ┌й█Б╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘В╪п╪▒╪к█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М╪М ╪п┘Д┌й╪┤ ┘И╪з╪п█М┘И┌║╪М ╪и╪▒┘Б ╪│█Т ┌И┌╛┌й█М █Б┘И╪ж█М ┘╛█Б╪з┌С█М┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│╪▒╪│╪и╪▓ ╪и╪з╪║╪з╪к ┌й█Т ┘Д╪ж█Т ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪▓┘Е█М┘Ж ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к┘В╪п╪│ ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е█М ╪з┘Б╪▒╪з╪п ┌й┘И ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘╛┘И╪▒█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪м╪з┘Ж╪и ┘Е╪к┘И╪м█Б ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪з╪│ ╪и█Т ┘Е╪л╪з┘Д ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й┘И ┌й╪ж█М ╪┤╪╣╪▒╪з╪б ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪о┘И╪и█М ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ ┘Ж╪з┘Е “╪╣╪▒┘Б█М” ┌й╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М╪М ╪м┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘В╪п╪▒╪к█М ╪н╪│┘Ж╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█Т ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪│█Т ╪з╪╕█Б╪з╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д╪ж█Т ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┘Ж█Т ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪│╪▒╪│╪и╪▓ ┘И╪з╪п█М┘И┌║╪М ┘╛█Б╪з┌С█М┘И┌║╪М ╪м┌╛█М┘Д┘И┌║╪М ┘Ж╪п█М╪з┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м┌╛█М┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪и█Т ┘╛┘Ж╪з█Б ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ┌й█М ╪к┘Б╪╡█М┘Д ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┘Ж█Т ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е╪М ╪з█М┌й ╪м┘Ж╪к ┘Ж╪╕█М╪▒ ┘В╪▒╪з╪▒ ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б┘И╪ж█Т ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й┘И ┘Д┘Б╪╕┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌И┌╛╪з┘Д┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ┘╛╪│ ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Ж╪з┘Е “╪╣╪▒┘Б╪з┘Ж ╪з╪н┘Е╪п” ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М ╪к┌╛█Т ╪м┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪║╪з┘Д╪и╪з┘Л 15┘И█М┌║ ╪╡╪п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌п╪▓╪з╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ┘Е┘И┘В╪╣ ┘Е┘Д╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ┌И╪з┘Д╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б╪М ╪▒┘И┘Е╪з┘Ж┘И█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ┌й█Т ╪╣┘Ж╪з╪╡╪▒ ┌й█М ╪м┌╛┘Д┌й█М╪з┌║ ╪п┌й┌╛╪з╪ж█М ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘В╪п╪▒╪к ┌й█М ╪╣╪╕┘Е╪к ┌й┘И ╪и╪з┘Ж╪п┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й█М╪М ╪м╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪п█М┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Ж█М ┘Ж╪╕╪▒█М█Т ┌й█Т ╪к╪н╪к ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з█Ф

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪з╪╡█М ╪к┘И╪м█Б ╪п█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Е┘Ж╪╕╪▒┘Ж╪з┘Е█Т ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ╪╖╪▒╪н ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘В╪п╪▒╪к█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ┌й┘И ╪│╪▒╪з█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘И█Б╪з┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М╪М ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪з█М╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘В╪з╪ж╪п ┌й█М ╪и┌╛█М ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й█М █Б█Т█Ф

┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к

┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪╖╪и█М╪╣╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ┘Ж█Т ╪и█Б╪к ╪│█Т ╪┤╪╣╪▒╪з╪б ┌й┘И ┘Е╪к╪з╪л╪▒ ┌й█М╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┘Ж█Т ╪и┌╛█М ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й “╪м┘Ж╪к” ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒╪н ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪и╪▒┘Б ┘╛┘И╪┤ ┘╛█Б╪з┌С█М╪з┌║╪М ╪м┌╛█М┘Д█М┌║╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│╪▒╪│╪и╪▓ ┘И╪з╪п█М╪з┌║ ╪м╪з╪п┘И╪ж█М ╪▒┘Ж┌п ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┘Ж█Т ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪з╪│ ┘В╪п╪▒╪к█М ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з╪│ ╪╖╪▒╪н ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪к╪╡┘И╪▒╪з╪к█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒╪н ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

“╪│╪▒╪│╪и╪▓ ┘И╪з╪п█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌п┘Д╪з╪и ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪┤╪и┘И╪М ╪п╪▒█М╪з╪д┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Т ┘╛╪з█М╪з┌║ ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж╪М” ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█М ┘╛█Б╪з┌С┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪▒┘Б ┌й█М ╪╡┘Б╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м┌╛█М┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м╪з┌п╪к█М █Б┘И╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪┤┘И┘В

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│╪з ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪к╪╡┘И╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ╪м█Б╪з┌║ █Б╪▒ ┌Ж█М╪▓ ┘В╪п╪▒╪к ┌й█Т ╪н╪│┘Ж ╪│█Т ╪м┌С█М █Б┘И╪ж█М █Б┘И█Ф ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪н┘И╪з┘Д█Т ╪│█Т ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘В╪п╪▒╪к ┌й█Т ╪▒┘Ж┌п╪М ╪о┘И╪┤╪и┘И╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪в┘И╪з╪▓┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ╪м┌╛█М┘Д█М┌║╪М ╪п╪▒█М╪з╪М ┘╛█Б╪з┌С ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒╪о╪к ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪з╪к ╪и┘Ж ╪м╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к

┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Д┘И┌п ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪з█М╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б╪з█М╪к ╪з┘Е█М╪▒ █Б█М┌║╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ┘И╪▒╪л█Т ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪м┌п█Б ╪п█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М╪М ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘В█М╪п╪к ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б ╪и┌╛█М █Б█Т█Ф ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Д┘И┌п ┘В╪п╪▒╪к ┌й█Т ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ┘Е┘Ж╪з╪╕╪▒╪з╪к ╪│█Т ╪м┌С█Т █Б┘И╪ж█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к╪М ╪в┘Д╪з┘Е╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪┤█М┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪│█Т ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█М ┘Е╪н┘Ж╪к╪М ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘И┘Б╪з╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪м┘Ж╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒╪н ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘И█Б╪з┌║ ┌й█Т ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪│█Т █Б┘И╪ж█Т ╪н╪│┘Ж ┘И ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘Б╪╕┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

“┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█М ┌п┘Д█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪М ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п╪М” ┘И█Б ╪о┘И╪┤╪и┘И ╪м┘И ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█М ┘Б╪╢╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌й┌╛╪▒█М █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪м╪░╪и█Б ╪м┘И ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒█М┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪│╪к╪з █Б█Т

┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к

┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘В╪п╪▒╪к█М ╪н╪│┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м┌п█Б ╪и┌╛█М █Б█Т█Ф ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘Е╪░█Б╪и█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ╪з█М┌й ╪п┘И╪│╪▒█Т ╪│█Т ╪м┌С█Т █Б┘И╪ж█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Ж█Т █М█Б╪з┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й┘И ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪п█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┘Ж█Т ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б╪з┌║ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘В╪п╪│ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪п┌й┌╛╪з█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█М ┘Б╪╢╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й╪з ╪│╪▒╪з╪║ █Б█Т╪М” █М█Б╪з┌║ ┌й█М ┘Е┘╣█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪│╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е╪М ╪м┘И █Б╪▒ ╪п┘Д ┌й┘И ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪▒╪з█Б ╪п┌й┌╛╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ┌й█М ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪▒┘Ж┌п █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│╪з ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ┘В╪▒╪з╪▒ ╪п█М╪з █Б█Т ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪к╪│┌й█М┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪м┘Ж╪к █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ╪м┌п█Б █Б█Т ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й╪з ╪╣┘Д┘Е █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б

┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪╖┘И█М┘Д ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪│█Т ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪▒█Б╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪╡┘И┘Б█М ╪и╪▓╪▒┌п┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т █М█Б╪з┌║ ┌й█М ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪│█Т ┘Е┘Ж┘И╪▒ ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┘Ж█Т ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪╡┘И┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪╣┘Ж╪╡╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪▒┘Ж┌п ╪п┌й┌╛╪з╪ж█М ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘И ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█М ┘В╪п╪▒╪к█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ █Б┘Е ╪в█Б┘Ж┌п █Б█Т█Ф

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╡┘И┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪к╪╡┘И╪▒╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪м╪з┘Ж ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█М ┘Б╪╢╪з╪д┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б █Б╪▒ ╪п┘Д ┌й┘И ╪│╪▒╪┤╪з╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М █М█Б╪з┌║ ┌й█М ┘Б╪╢╪з╪д┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪│╪к█М █Б█Т ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ █Б╪▒ ╪▒┘И┌п ┌й╪з ╪╣┘Д╪з╪м █Б█Т

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ╪╖╪▒╪н ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ┘В╪п╪▒╪к█М ╪м┘Ж╪к ┌й█М ╪н█М╪л█М╪к ╪│█Т ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж█Т ╪в╪ж█М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪и┌╛╪▒█М█Ф ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┘Ж█Т ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪│╪▒╪│╪и╪▓ ┘И╪з╪п█М┘И┌║╪М ╪и╪▒┘Б ┘╛┘И╪┤ ┘╛█Б╪з┌С█М┘И┌║╪М ╪м┌╛█М┘Д┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪▒█М╪з╪д┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌й█Б ┘И█Б █Б╪▒ ┘╛┌С┌╛┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█Т ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪м┘Ж╪к ┘Ж╪╕█М╪▒ ╪м┌п█Б ┌й┘И ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б ┌й╪▒╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪╣┘В█М╪п╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к ┌й┘И ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪о┘И╪и█М ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█Т ╪н┘И╪з┘Д█Т ╪│█Т ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘Ж┘Б╪▒╪п ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪┤┘Е█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪м╪з╪п┘И ╪и┌й┌╛╪▒╪з █Б┘И╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪м╪з┘Ж╪и ┘Е╪к┘И╪м█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

Thank you for the clarification! Here’s the corrected version, focusing on Urfi Shirazi and his depiction of Kashmir:


Urfi Shirazi: Poem in Praise of Kashmir

Kashmir, often described as heaven on Earth, is renowned for its breathtaking natural beauty, picturesque valleys, snow-covered mountains, and lush gardens. The beauty and spiritual sanctity of this land have not only captivated the local people but also the global literary and poetic world. The unparalleled beauty and spirituality of Kashmir have been beautifully portrayed in the works of many poets, among whom Urfi Shirazi stands out.

Urfi Shirazi, recognized for his profound expression on themes of natureтАЩs beauty, humanity, love, and spirituality, depicted KashmirтАЩs beauty magnificently in his poetry. His verses intricately describe the green valleys, majestic mountains, shimmering lakes, rivers, and the vast natural beauty of Kashmir. Urfi regarded Kashmir as a spiritual paradise, attempting to transform its beauty into words.

Background of Urfi Shirazi’s Poetry

Urfi Shirazi (also known as Abdul Rahim), was a Persian poet and mystic who lived in the 16th century, during the reign of the Safavid dynasty. He was born in Shiraz, Iran, and his poetic works primarily feature themes of love, mysticism, and natureтАЩs grandeur. UrfiтАЩs poetry was deeply influenced by Sufism, and he is known for blending spiritual and philosophical ideas with his descriptions of nature. His style reflects a deep connection between humanity, the divine, and the natural world.

Urfi’s poetry emphasizes the transcendence of earthly beauty, particularly through his poetic expressions about the magnificence of places like Kashmir. He brilliantly captured the natural landscapes of Kashmir and integrated them with deeper, spiritual meanings, enhancing his portrayal of the region as not only a scenic paradise but also a sacred place.

KashmirтАЩs Beauty and Spirituality

KashmirтАЩs mesmerizing landscapes have influenced countless poets, and Urfi too described Kashmir as “paradise.” He painted a vivid picture of KashmirтАЩs snow-covered mountains, lakes, and green valleys, making them come alive through his words. For Urfi, Kashmir represented a celestial sanctuary, a place where nature and spirit were seamlessly intertwined.

In his poetry, Urfi expressed how KashmirтАЩs beauty seemed to embody the divine тАФ with fragrances in the air, tranquility in the rivers, and the majesty of mountains inspiring both wonder and reverence. Through his verses, Kashmir becomes a realm of serenity, beauty, and spiritual enlightenment.

“In the green valleys, the scent of roses, in the rivers, boundless peace, the purity of snow in the mountains, and the winds that awaken the lakes”

The Life and Culture of KashmirтАЩs People

The people of Kashmir have a rich cultural heritage, deeply rooted in tradition. Urfi’s poetry also reflects the lives of Kashmir’s inhabitants, their devotion, and their connection to the land. The Kashmiris are intimately tied to the beauty of their environment, and UrfiтАЩs verses capture the essence of their feelings, struggles, and joys.

UrfiтАЩs poetry illustrates the hard work, loyalty, and profound love of the Kashmiri people. He celebrates the cultural significance of Kashmir, not only as a literal paradise but as a place where peopleтАЩs hearts and minds reflect the true beauty of the land.

“In the streets of Kashmir, the rays of humanity, in their hearts, the color of love, the fragrance that fills the atmosphere, the spirit that dwells in every Kashmiri heart”

The Spirituality of Kashmir

Kashmir is revered not only for its natural beauty but also for its spiritual depth. The regionтАЩs diverse religious and cultural influences have shaped the spirituality of its people. Urfi, a Sufi poet, also depicted the spiritual aspect of Kashmir in his poetry, showcasing the region as a sacred space for reflection and divine connection.

In his verses, Urfi captured the tranquility of Kashmir as a place where one could seek inner peace and spiritual fulfillment.

“In the air of Kashmir, there is a calmness that guides the soulтАЩs quest, within its soil is a message that shows the way to peace and love.”

Urfi presented Kashmir as a place of spiritual awakening, where individuals find solace not only in nature but also in their search for divine truth. According to him, Kashmir was not merely a beautiful land; it was a realm where one could connect with their true self and the divine.

Kashmir and Mysticism

Kashmir has a deep, historical connection with mysticism and Sufism. The Sufi saints of Kashmir have greatly influenced its culture, spirituality, and peopleтАЩs lives. Urfi, too, integrated mystical themes into his work, weaving the essence of Sufi thought into his poetic depiction of Kashmir. His poetry celebrates the deep connection between the beauty of the natural world and the mysticism of the soul.

UrfiтАЩs poetry underscores Sufi teachings, emphasizing love and spiritual truth. He portrays Kashmir as a spiritual haven where individuals can discover the truth within themselves and grow closer to the divine.

“In the atmosphere of Kashmir, the calmness fills every heart, here resides love in every breeze, where the cure for every ailment lies.”

Conclusion

Urfi ShiraziтАЩs poetry immortalized KashmirтАЩs beauty, spirituality, and culture in a way that brought the region to life. His verses, which describe the lush valleys, snow-clad mountains, lakes, and rivers, capture the essence of Kashmir as a celestial paradise and a sanctuary for the spirit.

Through his work, Urfi not only painted a portrait of KashmirтАЩs breathtaking landscapes but also depicted its people’s deep connection to nature and their spiritual journey. KashmirтАЩs culture, love, devotion, and mysticism found a unique voice in UrfiтАЩs poetry, making his work a timeless tribute to this heavenly land.

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М: ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п╪и█М ╪о╪п┘Е╪з╪к

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М (┘Е 1580-1600) ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ┘Е┘Е╪к╪з╪▓ ╪┤╪╣╪▒╪з╪б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪м┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪╣╪┤┘В╪М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█Т ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п█Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ╪┤╪з┘Ж █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪п╪и█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е █Б█Т█Ф ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪╣╪┤┘В╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ╪╣┘Д╪з┘В┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪з╪п╪и█М ╪н┘Д┘В┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┌Ж┌╛┘И┌С╪з█Ф

╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪з ╪в╪║╪з╪▓ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪и╪к╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Ж╪з┘Е ╪з╪и┘И ╪з┘Д┘Б╪к╪н ╪╣╪и╪п ╪з┘Д╪▒╪н┘Е┘Ж ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ╪к┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б 16┘И█М┌║ ╪╡╪п█М ┌й█Т ╪в╪о╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪┤█Б╪▒ ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪п╪з █Б┘И╪ж█Т█Ф ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓ ╪з█М┌й ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о█М ╪┤█Б╪▒ ╪к┌╛╪з ╪м┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п╪и█М ╪н█М╪л█М╪к ┌й█М ┘И╪м█Б ╪│█Т ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф █М█Б╪з┌║ ┌й█М ╪з╪п╪и█М ┘Б╪╢╪з ┘Ж█Т ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪к╪┤┌й█М┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪п╪з╪▒ ╪з╪п╪з ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓ ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ┘Б╪╢╪з ┘Ж█Т ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й┘И ╪з█М╪│█Т ┘Е╪з╪н┘И┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛╪▒┘И╪з┘Ж ┌Ж┌С┌╛╪з█М╪з ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з╪п╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ┌й╪з ╪║┘Д╪и█Б ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█М ╪з╪и╪к╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И╪ж█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з╪и╪к╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪│╪з┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪▒╪и█М╪М ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪╣╪и┘И╪▒ ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪и╪╣╪п ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒╪о ┌й█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е█Б╪з╪▒╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й█М█Ф ┘И█Б ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█Т ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ╪│█Т ┘Е╪к╪з╪л╪▒ █Б┘И╪ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┌п█Б ╪п█М█Ф

╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒╪м╪н╪з┘Ж

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┘Ж█Т ╪и█Б╪к ┌й┘Е ╪╣┘Е╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪в╪║╪з╪▓ ┌й█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и█Б╪к ╪м┘Д╪п ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ╪┤█Б╪▒╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ╪┤╪▒┘И╪╣ ┌й╪▒ ╪п█М█Ф ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪и┌С█М ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪к ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м ┘Е┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й┘И ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪│█Т ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█Т ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ┘╛╪▒ ╪║┘И╪▒ ┌й█М╪з╪М ┘И█Б█М┌║ ╪п┘И╪│╪▒█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█Т ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п█Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ ╪и┘Ж╪з█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п ╪к╪▒ ╪│╪╖╪н ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з╪М ╪м╪│█Т ╪│╪з┘Б┘И█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│┘Д╪з┘Е█М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪╕╪▒█М╪з╪к ╪│█Т █Б┘Е ╪в█Б┘Ж┌п ┌й█М╪з█Ф

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з╪│┘Д┘И╪и

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й╪з ╪з╪│┘Д┘И╪и ┘Ж█Б╪з█М╪к ┘Е┘Ж┘Б╪▒╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Д┌й╪┤ ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪│╪з╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Д╪╖╪з┘Б╪к ╪к┌╛█М╪М ╪к┘И ╪п┘И╪│╪▒█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п ╪к┌╛█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з╪│┘Д┘И╪и ╪╣┘Е╪п█Б ╪║╪▓┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Б ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж █Б┘И╪к╪з ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪п┘Д┌й╪┤ ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘В╪п╪▒╪к█М ╪к╪╡╪з┘И█М╪▒ ┘╛┌С┌╛┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█Т ┌й┘И ┘Е╪│╪▒┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒ ╪п█М╪к█М ╪к┌╛█М┌║█Ф ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┘Д╪з╪│╪к ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ┌й█М╪з╪М ╪м╪│ ┌й█М ┘И╪м█Б ╪│█Т ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪к╪з╪л█М╪▒ ┘╛█М╪п╪з █Б┘И╪ж█М█Ф

╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│█Т ╪╣╪┤┘В╪М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б╪М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪и█М╪┤╪к╪▒ ╪н╪╡█Б ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п█Б ╪│┘И╪з┘Д╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪▒┌й┘И╪▓ ╪к┌╛╪з ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪║┘Е ┘И ╪о┘И╪┤█М ┌й█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ╪│█Т ┘Е╪к╪╣┘Д┘В █Б┘И╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й╪з ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█Б┘Е ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪п█М┘И╪з┘Ж ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д█М┌║╪М ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ╪┤╪╣╪▒█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В╪з╪к ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪к┘Е╪з┘Е ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪з╪к ╪п█М┌й┌╛█М ╪м╪з ╪│┌й╪к█М █Б█М┌║╪М ╪м█М╪│█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪│┘И┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪╣┘В╪з╪ж╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█Т ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п█Б ╪з╪н╪│╪з╪│╪з╪к█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й╪к╪з╪и ┌й╪з ┘Е╪╖╪з┘Д╪╣█Б ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█Т ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ┌й╪з ┘╛╪к╪з ┌Ж┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪│┘И┌Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪│┘И╪з┘Д╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪║┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪п╪╣┘И╪к ╪и┌╛█М ┘Е┘Д╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█Т ┘В╪╡█М╪п█Т █М╪з ┘╛╪з┘Ж┌п╪▒█М╪▒█М┌й ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ┘Ж█Б╪з█М╪к ╪з█Б┘Е █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┘В╪╡█М╪п┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к█М ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪╣█Б╪п ┌й█Т ╪н┌й┘Е╪▒╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪к╪╣╪▒█М┘Б ┌й█М █Б█Т╪М ╪к╪з█Б┘Е ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║╪▓┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓█М╪з╪п█Б ╪к╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪з╪к ┌й█Т ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к █Б█М ╪║╪з┘Д╪и █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к

1. ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з█Б┘Е ╪к╪▒█М┘Ж ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ ╪╣╪┤┘В █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪к┌й ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й █М█Б ╪з┘Д┘Д█Б ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ╪и┌╛█М ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й╪з ┘Е╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘Д┘Д█Б ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б █Б┘И┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к┘В┘И█М┘░ ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┘╛╪з┌й█М╪▓┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к┘В┘И█М┘░ ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

2. ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪м┌╛┘Д┌й█М╪з┌║ ┘Е┘Д╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И╪М ╪з┘Д┘Д█Б ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪╡┘Б╪з╪ж█М ┘╛╪▒ ╪к┘И╪м█Б ╪п█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ┌й█Т ╪и╪з┘И╪м┘И╪п ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪п┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ┘╛╪з ╪│┌й╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й╪з ╪м┘И ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М╪к ╪│█Т ╪в┌п╪з█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

3. ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪о┘И╪и ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪и█Т ╪л╪и╪з╪к█М ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Б╪к ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к█М ╪│█Т ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪╕█Б╪з╪▒ ┘Е┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ╪и┌╛█М █Б█Т ┘И█Б ┌Ж┘Ж╪п ┘Д┘Е╪н┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪и╪з╪к █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│╪и ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ╪в╪о╪▒┌й╪з╪▒ ┘Б┘Ж╪з █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪ж█Т ┌п╪з█Ф █М█Б ╪о█М╪з┘Д ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪▒┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ┘╛█М╪п╪з ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

4. ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘Е╪к

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┌й┘Е╪к ┌й╪з ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪║┘И╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м█М╪│█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И █М█Б ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з█М╪з ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ┌й╪│ ╪╖╪▒╪н ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪╖╪▒█М┘В█Т ╪│█Т ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛ ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█М ┘И╪▒╪з╪л╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘╛╪▒ ╪з╪л╪▒ ┌И╪з┘Д╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █Б┘Ж╪п┘И╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И╪│╪╖█М ╪з█М╪┤█М╪з ┌й█Т ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ █Б┘И╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪╡┘И┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪и╪╡█М╪▒╪к ┘Ж█Т ╪и╪╣╪п ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒╪м╪н╪з┘Ж ┘╛█М╪п╪з ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛┌С┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪│┘Ж╪п ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪и╪╣╪п ┌й█Т ┌й╪ж█М ╪и┌С█Т ╪┤╪╣╪▒╪з╪б ┘╛╪▒ ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м█М╪│█Т ┌й█Б ┘Е█М╪▒╪▓╪з ╪║╪з┘Д╪и ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е█Б ╪з┘В╪и╪з┘Д█Ф

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪│╪з╪п┌п█М╪М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к █Б█Т╪М ┘И█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д╪п╪з╪п█Б ╪з┘Б╪▒╪з╪п ┌й█Т ┘Д╪ж█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘В█М┘Е╪к█М ┘И╪▒╪л█Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪╖╪з┘Д╪и ╪╣┘Д┘Е┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д╪ж█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █Б╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Д╪ж█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б ╪и┘Ж ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п█Б ╪│┘И╪з┘Д╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┘Е█М┌║ █Б█Т█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪╣╪▒┘Б█М ╪┤█М╪▒╪з╪▓█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е ╪к╪▒█М┘Ж ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│█Т █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪о╪╖┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з█М┌й ╪з╪и╪п█М ┘И╪▒╪л█Б █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█Т ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪п╪п ┘Б╪▒╪з█Б┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

Urfi Shirazi: Life and Literary Contributions

Urfi Shirazi (d. 1580тАУ1600) was one of the prominent poets of Persian literature, whose poetry beautifully depicted the complex themes of love, mysticism, and humanity. His works have made a lasting impact on Persian literature, and his poetry continues to hold an important place in the literary world today. Through his verses, Urfi eloquently expressed the realities of love, passion, and human nature. His works not only left a profound influence in Iran but also in India and other regions of the world.

Early Life and Education

Urfi Shirazi, whose full name was Abu al-Fath Abdul Rahman Urfi, was born in Shiraz, Iran, in the late 16th century. Shiraz, a city renowned for its literary and intellectual atmosphere, played a crucial role in shaping UrfiтАЩs personality and poetry. The rich cultural and academic environment of Shiraz nurtured Urfi in an atmosphere dominated by literature and philosophy.

Urfi received his early education in Shiraz, where he gained proficiency in Arabic, Persian, and various scholarly subjects. Later, he turned towards poetry, where he honed his skills and became influenced by philosophy and mysticism, themes that would become central in his works.

Interest in Poetry

Urfi began composing poetry at a young age, and his poetic talent quickly gained recognition. His works are characterized by a blend of deep spirituality and profound love, often exploring the intricate relationships between divine love and human emotions. His poetry reflects a unique synthesis of mysticism and human passion, merging the concepts of God’s love with human feelings of longing and devotion.

UrfiтАЩs verses delve into deep philosophical questions of life and spirituality, with a focus on the love of God and the journey of the human soul towards spiritual enlightenment. His poetic works also incorporate themes of Sufism and Islamic mysticism, which he harmonized with his expressions of human emotion.

UrfiтАЩs Poetic Style

UrfiтАЩs style of poetry was distinctive and captivating. His work often blended simplicity with depth, offering both beauty and philosophical wisdom. The style of his poetry oscillated between the traditional ghazal and qasida, characterized by graceful language and vivid imagery. His writing effortlessly combined elegance and fluidity with intricate spiritual and philosophical ideas, making his poetry particularly influential.

The major themes of Urfi’s poetry revolve around love, mysticism, the ephemeral nature of the world, and spiritual guidance. His works mainly focused on humanityтАЩs complex questions related to the realities of life, joy, sorrow, and the search for truth.

Key Works

UrfiтАЩs most famous and important work is the “Divan-e-Urfi” (Urfi’s Collection), a compilation of his ghazals, qasidas, and other poetic forms. This book showcases the entire range of UrfiтАЩs poetic talents, from his mystical poetry to his reflections on love and spirituality. The collection provides readers not only with an appreciation for the beauty of UrfiтАЩs verse but also with an opportunity to ponder the philosophical and existential questions embedded within his poetry.

UrfiтАЩs qasidas (panegyric poems) are also significant. In these, he often praises the rulers of his time and addresses social issues. However, his ghazals primarily focus on themes of love, mysticism, and the spiritual pursuit of truth.

Important Themes in UrfiтАЩs Poetry

  1. Love and Devotion Love is the central theme of UrfiтАЩs poetry, and he extends the concept of love beyond earthly affection to a more spiritual realm. For Urfi, the most profound form of love is one directed towards God. He saw human love as a path towards greater spiritual purity and closeness to the divine. His poetry portrays love as a spiritual journey, wherein the soul attains purity and spiritual grace.
  2. Mysticism and Spirituality The essence of Sufism runs deep in UrfiтАЩs work. He emphasizes the quest for spiritual enlightenment, guidance towards God, and the purification of the soul. UrfiтАЩs poetry conveys that, despite the transient nature of the world, the heart and soul can only find peace in the love of God. He presents mysticism not only as a source of personal enlightenment but as a guide toward understanding the higher purpose of life.
  3. The Ephemeral Nature of the World Urfi frequently reflects on the temporary nature of the world and the fleeting moments of life. His poetry beautifully portrays the idea that everything in this world is transient and will ultimately fade away. This theme evokes a sense of melancholy and depth, urging readers to reflect on the brevity of life and the importance of spiritual focus.
  4. Philosophy and Wisdom UrfiтАЩs works are also rich in philosophical insights. He explores various aspects of life, including fate, the purpose of human existence, and the spiritual journey. Through his poetry, he encourages individuals to contemplate the deeper meanings of life and to seek spiritual understanding and fulfillment.

UrfiтАЩs Legacy and Influence

UrfiтАЩs poetry has had a lasting impact on not just Persian literature, but also on poets in India, Central Asia, and beyond. His deep mystical insights and philosophical reflections sparked a new wave in Persian poetry, influencing later poets like Mirza Ghalib and Allama Iqbal.

His poetic legacy continues to inspire literary enthusiasts, particularly those interested in Persian and Urdu literature. UrfiтАЩs unique blend of simplicity, profundity, and spirituality makes his works a valuable treasure for readers seeking to understand the complexities of life, love, and mysticism.

Conclusion

Urfi ShiraziтАЩs poetry is not only a significant contribution to Persian literature but also offers a beautiful portrayal of human spirituality, morality, and the depth of love. His works remain alive in the literary tradition today, with their influence extending far beyond Iran to various parts of the world. UrfiтАЩs poetry is an eternal legacy that continues to offer valuable guidance to those on a quest for spiritual understanding, love, and the truth of life.

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е: ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п╪и█М ╪о╪п┘Е╪з╪к

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е (1048-1131) ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█Т ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪┤┘Е╪з╪▒ ╪к╪з╪▒█М╪о ┌й█Т ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ ╪к╪▒█М┘Ж ┘Е┘Б┌й╪▒█М┘Ж╪М ╪▒█М╪з╪╢█М ╪п╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪з█Б╪▒█М┘Ж ┘Б┘Д┌й█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪┤╪о╪╡█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М ╪к╪н┘В█М┘В╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘Б┌й╪з╪▒ █Б█М┌║╪М ╪м╪и ┌й█Б ╪п┘И╪│╪▒╪з ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪к╪з╪л█М╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б╪з╪к ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛┌С┌╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│╪▒╪з█Б┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д╪з╪ж┘В █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪з ╪в╪║╪з╪▓ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪и╪к╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е 1048 ╪╣█М╪│┘И█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪┤█Б╪▒ ┘Ж█М╪┤╪з┘╛┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪п╪з █Б┘И╪ж█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪л┘В╪з┘Б╪к█М ┘Е╪▒┌й╪▓┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘И╪з┘Д╪п ┌й╪з ┘Ж╪з┘Е ╪║█М╪з╪л ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ╪к┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М┌й ╪│█М╪▒╪к ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪з╪и╪к╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ┘Ж█М╪┤╪з┘╛┘И╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И╪ж█М█Ф ╪з╪и╪к╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪╣╪▒╪и█М╪М ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М╪М ╪▒█М╪з╪╢█М╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ╪╣┘Д┘И┘Е ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й█М█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪и╪╣╪п╪М ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ┌й█М ╪к┌й┘Е█М┘Д ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪и╪║╪п╪з╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п█М┌п╪▒ ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М ┘Е╪▒╪з┌й╪▓ ╪и┌╛█М ┌п╪ж█Т█Ф

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪и┌С█М ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪к █М█Б ╪к┌╛█М ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪╣╪▒┘И┘Б ╪▒█М╪з╪╢█М ╪п╪з┘Ж╪М ┘Б┘Д┌й█М╪з╪к ╪п╪з┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪│╪з╪ж┘Ж╪│ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪п┘Д┌Ж╪│┘╛█М ╪к┌╛█М╪М ╪м╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ┘╛┌С╪з█Ф

╪╣┘Д┘Е█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪о╪п┘Е╪з╪к

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Т ╪▒█М╪з╪╢█М╪М ┘Б┘Д┌й█М╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Т ╪┤┘Е╪з╪▒ ╪к╪н┘В█М┘В█М ┌й╪з┘Е ┌й█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й╪ж█М ┘Ж╪ж█Т ┘Ж╪╕╪▒█М╪з╪к ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ┌й╪з┘Е █Б┘Ж╪п╪│█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪▒╪и╪╣ ╪м╪░╪▒ (Square Root) ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪з┘Д╪м╪и╪▒╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪│╪з┘И╪з╪к┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪н┘Д ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й╪з┘Е ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█Т ╪╣┘Д┘Е ┌й█М ╪н╪п┘И╪п ┌й┘И ┌Ж█М┘Д┘Ж╪м ┌й╪▒╪к╪з ╪к┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪к╪н┘В█М┘В╪з╪к█М ┘Ж╪к╪з╪ж╪м ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪│╪з╪ж┘Ж╪│█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Б┘Д┌й█М╪з╪к█М ┌й╪з┘Е ╪и┌╛█М ╪и█Б╪к ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Т ┘В╪п█М┘Е ┘Б┘Д┌й█М╪з╪к█М ┘Ж╪╕╪▒█М╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к╪▒ ╪и┘Ж╪з█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪п╪п ╪│█Т ┘В┘Е╪▒█М ╪│╪з┘Д ┌й█Т ╪н╪│╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Б╪к╪▒█М ┘Д╪з╪ж█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Б┘Д┌й█М╪з╪к█М ┌й█М┘Д┘Ж┌И╪▒ ╪и█Б╪к ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ █Б┘И╪з╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪п╪▒╪│╪к┌п█М ┌й█М ┘И╪м█Б ╪│█Т ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д █Б┘И╪к╪з ╪▒█Б╪з█Ф

╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪в╪║╪з╪▓ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│┘Д┘И╪и

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й╪з ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪┤┘И┘В ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Ж┘И╪м┘И╪з┘Ж█М ╪│█Т ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ╪┤█Б╪▒╪к ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й█М ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к (Rubaiyat) ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛┌╛█М┘Д█М┌║█Ф ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М╪М ┘Е┘И╪к╪М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪м█М╪│█Т ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪и┌С╪з ╪н╪│┘Ж ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪и█Т ┘И┘Б╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ╪и┌С█Т ╪о┘И╪и╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪и┘Д█М╪║ ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪│┘И╪з┘Д╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪в╪▓╪з╪п ┘Е╪▒╪╢█М╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪│┘И╪з┘Д╪з╪к ╪з┘╣┌╛╪з╪ж█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪▓┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘В█М┘Е╪к█М ┘Д┘Е╪н┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪п█М┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б █М█Б ┘Д┘Е╪н█Т ╪и█Б╪к ╪м┘Д╪п ╪о╪к┘Е █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓█М╪з╪п█Б ╪к╪▒ ┘Ж█Б ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪║█М╪▒┘Е╪│╪к┘В┘Д ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М ╪п╪▒╪м ╪░█М┘Д █Б█Т:

“╪и╪з╪▓█М┌Ж█Б╪б ╪з╪╖┘Б╪з┘Д █Б█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪к┘Е╪з╪┤╪з
┌Ж┘Е┘Ж ┘И ┌п┘Д╪▓╪з╪▒ █Б█Т╪М ╪п╪┤╪к ┘И ╪╡╪н╪▒╪з
█М█Б ╪м┘И ╪к┘И ╪м╪з┘Ж╪з █Б█Т╪М █М█Б ╪м┘И ╪к┘И ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т
╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪и┌╛█М ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┘Е┘Д╪к█М”

╪з╪│ ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪│┘И╪з┘Д╪з╪к ╪з┘╣┌╛╪з╪ж█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й█Б┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ┌й┌╛█М┘Д ┌й╪з ╪н╪╡█Б █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪п┘Ж ╪о╪к┘Е █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪ж█Т ┌п╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪о█М╪з┘Д ╪и┌╛█М ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ╪о┘И╪┤█М┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ╪▓█М╪з╪п█Б ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п╪з╪ж┘Е█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪к┘Б┌й╪▒╪з╪к

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Т ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪м┌п█Б █Б█Т╪М ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘И╪м┘И╪п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪з╪и╪╣╪п ╪з┘Д╪╖╪и█М╪╣█М╪з╪к█М ╪о█М╪з┘Д╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║█Ф ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪│┘И╪з┘Д╪з╪к ╪з┘╣┌╛╪з╪ж█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т╪Я ┌й█М╪з ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘╛╪▒ ┘В╪з╪и┘И ┘╛╪з ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т █М╪з ╪з╪│█Т ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т █Б╪з╪к┌╛┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Т ╪и╪│ ┌Ж┌╛┘И┌С ╪п█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т╪Я

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪з╪п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪к┘И╪з╪▓┘Ж ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з┘И█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о┘И╪┤ ╪▒█Б┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ █Б┘Е ╪в█Б┘Ж┌п ╪▒█Б┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪┤╪▒█М╪╣╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪╕╪▒█М╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪│┘И╪з┘Д╪з╪к ╪з┘╣┌╛╪з╪ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪в╪▓╪з╪п ┘Е╪▒╪╢█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ╪к┘И╪з╪▓┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з█Ф

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И╪▒╪з╪л╪к

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ █Б┘И╪з╪М ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з┘Ж┌п┘Д█М┘Ж┌И ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪к╪▒╪м┘Е█Т ┌й█М ╪и╪п┘И┘Д╪к╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ 19┘И█М┌║ ╪╡╪п█М ┌й█Т ╪в╪о╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌И┘И╪▒┌И ┘Б┘╣╪▓┌п╪▒┘Д┌И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪з┘Ж┌п╪▒█М╪▓█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪▒╪м┘Е█Б ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪к╪▒╪м┘Е█Т ┌й█Т ╪и╪╣╪п ╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е╪║╪▒╪и█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Б╪к ┘Е┘В╪и┘И┘Д █Б┘И╪з╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪│╪╖╪н ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛╪░█М╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д █Б┘И╪ж█М█Ф

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Т ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ┘Д┌Ж┌й █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘╛╪▒ █Б┘И╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┘Ж┘Е╪з█М╪з┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪о█М╪з┘Д╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┌й┘И ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ┌й█М╪з█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й┘И ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б╪М ╪▒█М╪з╪╢█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д┌й█М╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪│█Т ╪в┌п╪з█Б ┌й█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к╪М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█Т ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п█Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ╪║┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪п╪╣┘И╪к ╪п█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М╪з ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М █Б┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪п╪п ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ┌й┘Е╪з┘Д █М█Б ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█Т ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪н╪│█М┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Ж█М ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т ╪к┌╛█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ┘И█Б █Б┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪│█Т ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й┘И ╪п█М┌й┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪п╪╣┘И╪к ╪п█М╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

Omar Khayyam: Life and Literary Contributions

Omar Khayyam (1048тАУ1131) is one of the greatest poets and philosophers of Persian literature. He is renowned not only as a philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer but also as a poet whose works have had a profound impact worldwide. Khayyam’s contributions to science, mathematics, and philosophy are widely recognized, and his poetry, particularly his Rubaiyat (quatrains), explores deep philosophical and existential themes. His ability to blend scientific inquiry with poetic beauty has earned him a unique place in the literary and intellectual world.

Early Life and Education

Omar Khayyam was born in 1048 CE in Nishapur, a city that was known as a cultural and intellectual hub of the time. His father, Ghiyath al-Din, was a righteous man, and KhayyamтАЩs early education took place in Nishapur. He studied Arabic, Persian, mathematics, philosophy, and other sciences. Later, he traveled to Baghdad and other centers of learning to further his education.

What set Khayyam apart was not only his poetic talent but also his expertise in various scientific disciplines, including mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy. His scientific and philosophical interests significantly influenced his poetry, adding depth and insight into his literary works.

Scientific and Philosophical Contributions

Khayyam made significant contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy. His most famous mathematical work involved his contributions to geometry, where he investigated the solution to cubic equations and worked on the theory of square roots. His mathematical explorations pushed the boundaries of contemporary knowledge, and his insights continue to be valued in the scientific world.

In astronomy, Khayyam is known for improving the Julian calendar and creating a solar calendar that was more accurate than many other calendars of his time. This calendar was widely used in the Islamic world due to its accuracy. His work in both astronomy and mathematics marked him as a pioneering thinker of the medieval world.

Poetry: Beginning and Style

Omar Khayyam’s passion for poetry began in his youth, but his fame as a poet spread globally with the circulation of his Rubaiyat (quatrains). His poetry is deeply philosophical, reflecting on themes such as life, death, fate, and love.

The unique beauty of Khayyam’s poetry lies in his philosophical approach. In his Rubaiyat, he eloquently captures the transient nature of the world, the limitations of human existence, and the uncertainties of fate. His works ponder existential questions, particularly regarding the human condition, free will, and the mysteries of life. KhayyamтАЩs poetry presents a vivid contemplation on the fleeting nature of life and the importance of enjoying the present moment.

Famous Rubaiyat

One of the most famous quatrains from Khayyam’s Rubaiyat reflects his perspective on the ephemeral nature of life and human existence:

“The worldтАЩs a plaything for children to watch,
A garden and a desert, a fleeting spot.
Whatever you plan or whatever you try,
YouтАЩll find no success in it, it will soon be forgot.”

In this quatrain, Khayyam explores the idea that the world is like a transient game, where human efforts, no matter how grand, eventually fade away. This theme of the futility of worldly pursuits is prevalent in much of his work, urging readers to look beyond materialism and consider the deeper, spiritual aspects of existence.

Philosophical Reflections

KhayyamтАЩs poetry is filled with existential and metaphysical musings. He questioned the nature of fate, free will, and the ultimate meaning of life. In his works, Khayyam questioned whether humans could truly control their destinies or if they were subject to the whims of fate. His philosophical inquiries were not limited to the material world; he also delved into questions of spirituality and the relationship between human beings and the divine.

Khayyam maintained a balance between the material and spiritual worlds in his poetry. He encouraged people to live joyfully in the present, accepting their fate while simultaneously pursuing deeper philosophical and spiritual questions. His works also criticized blind adherence to religious dogma and promoted the idea of human free will within the boundaries of fate.

KhayyamтАЩs Legacy and Influence

Omar KhayyamтАЩs poetry gained widespread recognition, particularly after the English translation of the Rubaiyat by Edward FitzGerald in the late 19th century. This translation brought Khayyam’s philosophy to the Western world, where it became immensely popular. His poetry offered a new approach to understanding life’s transient nature, inviting readers to reflect on their own existence.

KhayyamтАЩs influence is not confined to Persian literature alone. His philosophical ideas, particularly regarding fate and human free will, have impacted poets and thinkers in various cultures, including in Urdu literature, where many poets have drawn inspiration from his themes and style. His ability to convey profound philosophical concepts through simple yet powerful verse has ensured that his work remains relevant across cultures and generations.

Conclusion

Omar KhayyamтАЩs life and poetry not only shed light on the importance of mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy, but also provided profound insights into the human condition. His Rubaiyat continues to inspire readers globally, inviting them to reflect on the fleeting nature of life, the complexities of fate, and the beauty of living in the moment. KhayyamтАЩs legacy is one of intellectual curiosity and poetic brilliance, offering timeless wisdom for all who seek to understand the deeper truths of existence.

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е: ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┌й╪з ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к (quatrains) ┘Ж█Т ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪м█Б╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪╢╪з┘Б█Б ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪к╪░┌й╪▒█Б █Б█Т ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б╪М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪│┘И╪з┘Д╪з╪к ╪з┘╣┌╛╪з╪ж█Т ┌п╪ж█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪к╪з╪л╪▒ ┌й┘Ж ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к╪М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪│┌Ж╪з╪ж█М╪з┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Е┘Ж┘Б╪▒╪п ╪з┘Ж╪п╪з╪▓ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█М┌║╪М ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪к┘И╪м█Б ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣╪з╪▒┘Б

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪к ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│╪з ╪┤╪╣╪▒█М ┘В╪з┘Д╪и █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌Ж╪з╪▒ ┘Е╪╡╪▒╪╣█Т █Б┘И╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б╪М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б╪М ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘╛█М┌Ж█М╪п█Б ╪│┘И╪з┘Д╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ┘╛╪▒ ╪║┘И╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М╪М ┘Е┘И╪к╪М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█Т ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌С█М ╪┤╪п╪к ╪│█Т ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒╪з┘Ж█Б ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д█М╪з╪к ╪п┘И┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪з┘Е╪к╪▓╪з╪м ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▓ ╪и┘Ж╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪╣┘Ж╪з╪╡╪▒

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█М ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п█М╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ┘Е╪о╪к╪╡╪▒ ┘Е╪п╪к ┌й┘И ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ ┌й█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и╪о┘И╪и█М ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з█Ф

╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М █Б█Т:

“╪и╪з╪▓█М┌Ж█Б╪б ╪з╪╖┘Б╪з┘Д █Б█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪к┘Е╪з╪┤╪з
┌Ж┘Е┘Ж ┘И ┌п┘Д╪▓╪з╪▒ █Б█Т╪М ╪п╪┤╪к ┘И ╪╡╪н╪▒╪з
█М█Б ╪м┘И ╪к┘И ╪м╪з┘Ж╪з █Б█Т╪М █М█Б ╪м┘И ╪к┘И ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т
╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪и┌╛█М ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┘Е┘Д╪к█М”

█М█Б ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М ╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪│┘И┌Ж ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪з█М┌й ┌й┌╛█М┘Д █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ┘Б╪▒█М╪и ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┘Е┘Е┌й┘Ж ┘Ж█Б█М┌║█Ф

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘И╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪о█М╪з┘Д ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘Д┘Е╪н┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒┘╛┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪и█Б╪к ┘Е╪о╪к╪╡╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф

╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М ┌й█М ╪│╪з╪о╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│┘Д┘И╪и

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪│┘Д┘И╪и ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪│┘И┌Ж ┌й╪з ╪╣┌й╪з╪│ █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│╪з╪п┌п█М╪М ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▓█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к█М┌║ ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й╪з ╪з╪│┘Д┘И╪и ╪║╪▓┘Д█М╪з╪к ┌й█Т ╪з╪│┘Д┘И╪и ╪│█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪к┌╛╪з╪М ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪▓█М╪з╪п█Б ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┘╛╪│┘Ж╪п╪з┘Ж█Б ╪к┌╛█М█Ф

╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й╪ж█М ╪и╪з╪▒ ╪│┘И╪з┘Д╪з╪к ╪з┘╣┌╛╪з╪ж█Т ┌п╪ж█Т █Б█М┌║╪М ╪м█М╪│█Т:

“█Б┘Е ╪▓█М╪│╪к ┌й╪з ┌й█М╪з ╪н╪з┘Д ┌й╪▒█М┌║ ┌п█Т╪М ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ╪и┌╛█М ┘Ж█Б█М┌║
█Б┘Е ╪м╪│ ┌й█Т █Б╪з╪к┌╛ ┘Е█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪з╪│ ╪│█Т ┌й┘И╪ж█М ┘Ж█Б█М┌║”

╪з╪│ ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т █Б╪з╪к┌╛┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪и█Т ╪и╪│█М ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ┘В╪п╪▒╪к ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│┘И╪з┘Д╪з╪к ╪з┘╣┌╛╪з╪ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й█М╪з█Ф

╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й╪з ╪з╪│┘Д┘И╪и ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е█М╪к╪М ╪к╪з╪л█М╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│╪з╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪╣╪л ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┌Ж┌╛┘И┌С╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й┘И╪ж█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪и╪з╪к ╪и█Б╪к ╪│╪з╪п┌п█М ╪│█Т ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й█М ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪к█Б█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┘╛┘И╪┤█М╪п█Б █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌С█М ╪┤╪п╪к ╪│█Т ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪╕█Б╪з╪▒ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘В█М┘Е╪к█М ┘Д┘Е╪н┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪╢╪з╪ж╪╣ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М █М█Б █Б█Т:

“┘Е╪о┘Б█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┘Е█М┌║
┘И█Б ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛█Т ┌п╪з╪М ╪м┘И ┘Е┘И╪к ┌й╪з █Б┘И┌║ ╪╣╪з╪п█М
╪м┘И ╪и█М╪к█М╪М ┘И█Б ╪и█М╪к█М╪М ╪м┘И █Б█Т ╪з╪и ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к
█М█Б█М ╪│┌Ж █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪в╪м ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М”

╪з╪│ ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Т ┘И┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й╪М ╪м┘И ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ╪и┌╛█М █Б┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┌й┌╛╪з╪ж█М ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т ┘И█Б ╪╣╪з╪▒╪╢█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ┌й┘И╪ж█М ┘Е╪│╪к┘В┘Д ┘И╪м┘И╪п ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т█Ф

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘И╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ╪╖╪▒╪н ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪н╪│╪з╪│ ╪п┘Д╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т █Б╪▒ ┘Д┘Е╪н█Т ┌й┘И ┘В█М┘Е╪к█М ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о┘И╪┤█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪к╪╣╪з┘В╪и ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┌╛█М ╪и╪з╪к ┌й█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│┘И╪з┘Д╪з╪к ╪з┘╣┌╛╪з╪ж█Т ┌п╪ж█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т █Б╪з╪к┌╛┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Е╪▒╪╢█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪о┘И╪п ╪░┘Е█Б ╪п╪з╪▒ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М █М█Б █Б█Т:

“╪з┌п╪▒ ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ █Б█Т ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ╪и┌╛█М ┘Б█М╪╡┘Д█Б
╪к┘И ┌й█М╪з █Б┘Е╪к ┌й╪з ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ┌й╪з┘Е╪М ┌й┌Ж┌╛ ╪и┌╛█М ┘Ж█Б█М┌║
╪п┘Д ╪│█Т ╪з┘╣┌╛╪з █М█Б ╪│┘И╪з┘Д╪М ╪│┌Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т╪Я
╪о┘И╪п ╪│█Т ┌й█М█Т ╪м┘И █Б┘Е╪М ┘И█Б█М ╪к┌╛╪з █Б┘Е╪з╪▒╪з ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒”

╪з╪│ ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┘Ж█Т ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪в╪▓╪з╪п ┘Е╪▒╪╢█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪з╪и█М┘Ж ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┘╛╪▒ ╪│┘И╪з┘Д ╪з┘╣┌╛╪з█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪к╪и╪п█М┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪╖╪з┘В╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪▒╪з╪п█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣┘Е┘Д ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪з╪л╪▒

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘╛╪▒ ╪з╪л╪▒ ┌И╪з┘Д╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ┘╛╪░█М╪▒╪з╪ж█М █Б┘И╪ж█М█Ф ╪о╪з╪╡ ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ 19┘И█М┌║ ╪╡╪п█М ┌й█Т ╪в╪о╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж┌п┘Д█М┘Ж┌И ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌И┘И╪▒┌И ┘Б┘╣╪▓┌п╪▒┘Д┌И ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪з┘Ж┌п╪▒█М╪▓█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪▒╪м┘Е█Б ┌й█М╪з╪М ╪м╪│ ┌й█Т ╪и╪╣╪п ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е╪║╪▒╪и█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и█Б╪к ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ █Б┘И╪з█Ф

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И╪м┘И╪п█М ╪│┘И╪з┘Д╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪з╪и╪╣╪п ╪з┘Д╪╖╪и█М╪╣█М╪з╪к█М ╪и╪н╪л█М┌║ ╪к┌╛█М┌║ ╪м┘И ┘Е╪║╪▒╪и█М ╪з╪п╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪к╪н╪▒█М┌й ┌й╪з ╪в╪║╪з╪▓ ╪и┘Ж█М┌║█Ф ┘Б┘╣╪▓┌п╪▒┘Д┌И ┌й╪з ╪к╪▒╪м┘Е█Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪╣█М╪з╪▒█М ┘Ж╪│╪о█Б ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪│╪╖╪н ┘╛╪▒ ┘╛┌╛█М┘Д╪з█М╪з█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛┌С┌╛█М┌║ ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█М┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒╪з┘Ж█Б ╪м┘Е╪з┘Д█М╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪и╪п┘И┘Д╪к ┘И█Б ╪з╪п╪и ┌й█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к╪М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒╪М ┘Е┘И╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒█М ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В█М ╪╡┘Д╪з╪н█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з┘Б┌й╪з╪▒ ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪о█М╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ┘Б╪з╪▒╪│█М ╪з╪п╪и ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪│┘Е╪к ╪п█М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е█М ╪│╪╖╪н ┘╛╪▒ ╪з╪п╪и ┌й┘И ┘Е╪к╪з╪л╪▒ ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М╪з╪к ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒╪М ┘И┘В╪к╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│┘И┌Ж┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪п╪╣┘И╪к ╪п█М ┌п╪ж█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е╪н╪п┘И╪п ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪п╪▒╪з┌й ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣┘Е█М┘В ╪│┘И┌Ж ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒╪з╪║╪и ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪м┘Д╪з┘Д ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ╪▒┘И┘Е█М: ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪п╪и█М ╪о╪п┘Е╪з╪к

┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪м┘Д╪з┘Д ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ╪▒┘И┘Е█М (1207-1273) ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪М ┘Е╪╡┘Д╪н╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪к┌╛█Т ╪м┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪│┘Д╪з┘Е█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┌Ж┌╛┘И╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Ж╪з┘Е ╪м┘Д╪з┘Д ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ┘Е╪н┘Е╪п ╪и┘Ж ╪и█Б╪з╪б╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ╪к┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п█Б ╪з┘Б╪║╪з┘Ж╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪┤█Б╪▒ ╪и┘Д╪о ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪п╪з █Б┘И╪ж█Т ╪к┌╛█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┘П╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ╪о╪▒╪з╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪н╪╡█Б ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪з┘Ж┌п█М╪▓ █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪и┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪к╪з╪л█М╪▒ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪з█Б┘Е ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪╡┘И┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪к┌╛█М╪М ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒╪М ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ╪▒╪╢╪з ┌й┘И ┘Е╪▒┌й╪▓█М ╪н█М╪л█М╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ╪к┌╛█М╪М ╪к┘И ╪п┘И╪│╪▒█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒╪┤╪п ┘И █Б╪п╪з█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В╪з╪к ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з█Ф

╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪з ╪в╪║╪з╪▓

┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪▒┘И┘Е█М 30 ╪│╪к┘Е╪и╪▒ 1207 ┌й┘И ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п█Б ╪з┘Б╪║╪з┘Ж╪│╪к╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪┤█Б╪▒ ╪и┘Д╪о ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛█М╪п╪з █Б┘И╪ж█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘И╪з┘Д╪п ╪и█Б╪з╪б╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ┘И┘Д╪п ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪╣╪▒┘И┘Б ╪╡┘И┘Б█М ╪к┌╛█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪и█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М ┘И ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е╪з╪н┘И┘Д ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪м╪и ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪╣┘Е╪▒ ╪к┘В╪▒█М╪и╪з┘Л 10 ╪│╪з┘Д ┌й█М ╪к┌╛█М╪М ╪к┘И ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘И╪з┘Д╪п ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪н╪з┘Д╪з╪к ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪╣╪л ╪з┘Ж█Б█М┌║ ╪и┘Д╪о ┌Ж┌╛┘И┌С ┌й╪▒ ┘Ж█М╪┤╪з┘╛┘И╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘╛┌╛╪▒ ╪п┘Е╪┤┘В ╪м╪з┘Ж╪з ┘╛┌С╪з█Ф ┘И█Б╪з┌║ ╪│█Т ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█Т ┘И╪з┘Д╪п ╪к╪▒┌й█М ┌й█Т ╪┤█Б╪▒ ┘В┘И┘Ж█М█Б (╪м┘И ╪в╪м ╪к╪▒┌й█М ┌й█Т ╪╣┘Д╪з┘В█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И╪з┘В╪╣ █Б█Т) ┘Е┘Ж╪к┘В┘Д █Б┘И ┌п╪ж█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒╪з┘Ж ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д╪п ┌й█М ┘Ж┌п╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е ╪п█М┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М ┌й█М ╪н█М╪л█М╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪з ╪в╪║╪з╪▓ ┌й█М╪з█Ф

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪з╪и╪к╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Б┘В█Б╪М ╪к┘Б╪│█М╪▒╪М ╪н╪п█М╪л ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘Ж╪╖┘В ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ╪к┌╛█М█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е ┌й█Т ╪п┘И╪▒╪з┘Ж╪М ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘И╪з┘Д╪п ┌й█М ┘И┘Б╪з╪к █Б┘И ┌п╪ж█М╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪и╪╣╪п ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з╪│┘Д╪з┘Е ┌й█Т ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘П╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘╛╪▒ ╪╣┘Е┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й█М╪з█Ф

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤┘Е╪│ ╪к╪и╪▒█М╪▓█М ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Д╪з┘В╪з╪к

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘И┌С ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ╪в█М╪з ╪м╪и ┘И█Б ╪┤┘Е╪│ ╪к╪и╪▒█М╪▓█М ╪│█Т ┘Е┘Д█Т█Ф ╪┤┘Е╪│ ╪к╪и╪▒█М╪▓█М ╪з█М┌й ╪и╪▓╪▒┌п ╪╡┘И┘Б█М ╪к┌╛█Т ╪м┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┘╛█М╪п╪з ┌й█М█Ф ╪┤┘Е╪│ ┌й█М ┘Е┘Д╪з┘В╪з╪к ╪│█Т ┘В╪и┘Д ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪│╪к╪н┌й┘Е ╪╣╪з┘Д┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘В█М█Б ╪к┌╛█Т╪М ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж ╪┤┘Е╪│ ┌й█М ╪╡╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪в ┌й╪▒ ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪▒╪о ╪з╪о╪к█М╪з╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█Т ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪│█Т ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з█Ф

╪┤┘Е╪│ ╪к╪и╪▒█М╪▓█М ┘Ж█Т ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ╪н╪п ╪к┌й ╪к╪и╪п█М┘Д ┌й█М╪з ┌й█Б ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪╣┘Д┘Е█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й┘И ╪к╪▒┌й ┌й╪▒ ╪п█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ╪╡┘И┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з╪о╪к█М╪з╪▒ ┌й╪▒ ┘Д█М█Ф ╪┤┘Е╪│ ┘Ж█Т ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й┘И ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ┘╛╪з┌й█М╪▓┌п█М ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й╪з ╪┤╪╣┘И╪▒ ╪п█М╪з█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е┘Д╪з┘В╪з╪к ┘Ж█Т ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪и┌╛█М ╪к╪и╪п█М┘Д ┌й█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪о┘Д█М┘В╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪▒┘Ж┌п ╪в█М╪з█Ф

╪┤┘Е╪│ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█Т ╪п╪▒┘Е█М╪з┘Ж ┌п█Б╪▒█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪▒╪┤╪к█Б ┘В╪з╪ж┘Е █Б┘И╪з╪М ╪к╪з█Б┘Е ╪┤┘Е╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪п┘Ж ╪з┌Ж╪з┘Ж┌й ╪║╪з╪ж╪и █Б┘И ╪м╪з┘Ж╪з ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪╡╪п┘Е█Б ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪╡╪п┘Е█Т ┘Ж█Т ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪│█М┘В█М ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Е╪з╪ж┘Д ┌й█М╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж█Б┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘И╪│█М┘Д█Т ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪з╪│╪к╪╣┘Е╪з┘Д ┌й█М╪з█Ф

╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б

┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪и┘Ж█М╪з╪п█М ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪в╪┤┘Ж╪з ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪о╪п╪з╪М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘И╪н╪п╪к ┌й█Т ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к ┘╛╪▒ ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ╪│█Т ┌п┘Б╪к┌п┘И ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪▒┌й╪▓█М ╪н█М╪л█М╪к ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И █Б╪▒ ╪┤╪о╪╡ ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Б █Б█Т█Ф

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б ┘Е╪л┘Ж┘И█М ┘Е╪╣┘Ж┘И█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│█Т “┘Е╪л┘Ж┘И█М” ╪и┌╛█М ┌й█Б╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪╖┘И█М┘Д ┘Ж╪╕┘Е ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪┤╪к┘Е┘Д █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪о┘Д╪з┘В█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘Е╪л┘Ж┘И█М ┘Е╪╣┘Ж┘И█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И╪д┌║ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и╪н╪л ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п╪з╪│╪к╪з┘Ж█М┌║╪М ┌й█Б╪з┘Ж█М╪з┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪л╪з┘Д█М┌║ ╪п█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█М┌║ ╪к╪з┌й█Б ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ╪н╪з┘Д╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪│╪и╪з┘В ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з█М╪з ╪м╪з ╪│┌й█Т█Ф

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘Д█Б█М ┌й╪з ╪к╪╡┘И╪▒ ╪║╪з┘Д╪и ╪к┌╛╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪к█Т ╪к┌╛█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪н╪з╪╡┘Д ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ █М┌й╪м█Б╪к█М ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Е█М┘В ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪в┌п╪з█Б ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б █Б█Т█Ф

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┘╛╪▒ ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┘╛╪▒ ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪▒┌й█М ┌й█Т ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘В╪и┘И┘Д █Б┘И╪ж█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘╛┘И╪▒█М ╪з╪│┘Д╪з┘Е█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ┘Ж█Т ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┌И╪з┘Д╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪╡┘И┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤╪╣┘Д ╪▒╪з█Б ╪и┘Ж█М┌║█Ф

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й╪з ┘Е╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о┘И╪п ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪│█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪│█М ┌й█М ╪▒╪з█Б ┘╛╪▒ ┌Ж┘Д┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В█М ┌й╪з┘Е█М╪з╪и█М ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪▒█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┘В╪з╪ж┘Е ┌й╪▒█Т█Ф ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪и╪к╪з█М╪з ┌й█Б ┘Е╪н╪и╪к █Б█М ┘И█Б ┘В┘И╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪┤█М ┘╛█М╪п╪з ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪╡┘Б╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪в╪┤┘Ж╪з ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╡╪и╪▒╪М ╪к┘И╪з╪╢╪╣╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ╪м█М╪│█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ╪к┌╛█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒█М ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛█Т ╪м╪з╪к█Т ╪к┌╛█Т█Ф

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И╪▒╪з╪л╪к

┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з╪│┘Д╪з┘Е█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪з╪л╪▒╪з╪к ┘Е╪▒╪к╪и ┌й█М█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█Т ╪з╪╡┘И┘Д ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ┘Е╪к╪з╪л╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪з╪п╪и ┘╛╪▒ ╪и┌╛█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█Т ┘Е┘Б╪з█Б█М┘Е ┌й┘И ╪к┘В┘И█М╪к ╪п█М█Ф ╪з╪▒╪п┘И ┌й█Т ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪╡┘И┘Б█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒ ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е█Б ╪з┘В╪и╪з┘Д ┘Ж█Т ╪и┌╛█М ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪и█Б╪к ╪│╪▒╪з█Б╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д ┌й█М╪з█Ф

┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┘╛╪▒ ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ┌й█Т ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤ ┘Е┘Ж╪п ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘И╪│█М┘Д█Б █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪╡┘И┘Б█М ╪з╪▓┘Е ┌й█Т ┘╛█М╪▒┘И┌й╪з╪▒┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪м╪з╪▒█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘И┘Е╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪и┘Д┘Ж╪п █Б█Т█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪м┘Д╪з┘Д ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█Т ╪н┘В█М┘В█М ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪в╪┤┘Ж╪з ┌й█М╪з█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪╣╪┤┘В ╪з┘Д█Б█М ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к█М┌║ █Б█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪▒╪з█Б ╪п┌й┌╛╪з╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┘╛╪▒ ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М╪▒╪з┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪▒┌й█М ┌й█Т ╪╣┘И╪з┘Е ┌й┘И ┘Е╪к╪з╪л╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ┘╛┘И╪▒█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з█Ф

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪┤╪╣╪з╪▒ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█Т ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘В█М┘Е╪к█М ╪│╪▒┘Е╪з█М█Б █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М █Б┘Е╪з╪▒█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б █Б█М┌║ ╪м┘И █Б┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪│┌Ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪║█М╪и ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█М┌║█Ф

┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪м┘Д╪з┘Д ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ╪▒┘И┘Е█М: ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з╪▓ ┘Е╪л┘Ж┘И█М ┘Е╪╣┘Ж┘И█М

┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪м┘Д╪з┘Д ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪╣╪╕█М┘Е ╪з╪п╪и█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█М╪з┘Ж█Б ╪│╪▒┘Е╪з█М█Б ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪о╪╡┘И╪╡█М╪к ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к╪М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к╪М ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ╪▒╪╢╪з ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪м╪▒╪и╪з╪к ┌й█Т ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ┘Е┘Б╪з█Б█М┘Е █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б ┘Е╪л┘Ж┘И█М ┘Е╪╣┘Ж┘И█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪╖┘И█М┘Д ┘Ж╪╕┘Е █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М╪М ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪и╪з╪▒█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ╪п█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█М┌║█Ф ┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М █М█Б ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╣╪з╪┤╪▒╪к█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е╪│╪з╪ж┘Д ┘╛╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌И╪з┘Д╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪з╪│█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪з╪│ ╪к╪н╪▒█М╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘Е “┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к ┘╛╪▒ ╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪▒█М┌║ ┌п█Т╪М ╪м┘И ┘Е╪л┘Ж┘И█М ┘Е╪╣┘Ж┘И█М ┌й█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪и╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤╪з┘Е┘Д █Б█Т█Ф “┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е █Б█Т “┘Б╪▒█М╪з╪п ┌й╪▒┘Ж╪з” █М╪з “╪в█Б ┘И ┘Б╪▒█М╪з╪п”█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з╪н╪│╪з╪│╪з╪к ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф “┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М” ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М╪М ╪п┌й┌╛ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪║╪╡█Т ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з┘Е┘Ж█Т ┘╛█М╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛╪о╪к┌п█М ┌й╪з ╪н╪╡█Б ╪и┘Ж╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

“┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М” ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е

“┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█Т ╪к╪н╪к ┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┌й┌╛ ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б ╪п┌й┌╛ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪м┘Ж┌п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█Т █Б┘И╪ж█Т ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М╪│█Т ┘Д┘Е╪н╪з╪к ╪в╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪м╪и ┘И█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪│█Т ┘Е╪з█М┘И╪│ █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ┌й┘И ┌й┘И╪│╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪о┘Д╪з╪б ┌й┘И ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ “┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е ╪▒┌й┌╛╪к█М █Б█Т ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪п┘И╪м█Б╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф

┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й╪з ┘Е╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з╪│ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪│█Т ┘Е┘Ж╪н╪▒┘Б █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т █М╪з ╪з╪│█Т ╪┤┌й █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к┘И ┘И█Б ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪и╪к┘Д╪з █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б ╪п┌й┌╛ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪п╪▒╪п ┌й█М ╪┤┌й┘Д ╪з╪о╪к█М╪з╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ╪п┌й┌╛ ┌й╪и┌╛█М ╪и┌╛█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Е╪░█Б╪и█М ┌п┘Е╪▒╪з█Б█М ┌й┘И ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪│╪и╪и ╪и┘Ж ╪│┌й╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪▓╪п█М┌й ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪п┌й┌╛╪М ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪м╪п╪з╪ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪│┘И╪з┘Д ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┌й╪з ╪в╪║╪з╪▓ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

┘Е╪л┘Ж┘И█М ┘Е╪╣┘Ж┘И█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М

┘Е╪л┘Ж┘И█М ┘Е╪╣┘Ж┘И█М ┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪│╪и ╪│█Т ╪з█Б┘Е ╪к╪╡┘Ж█М┘Б █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪о╪к┘Д┘Б ┘Е╪▒╪з╪н┘Д ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф “┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪н╪╡█Б █Б█Т ╪м█Б╪з┌║ ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪м╪░╪и╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪м╪з╪ж╪▓█Б ┘Д█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б╪М ╪║┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┌й┌╛ ┌й█М ┘И█Б ┌й█М┘Б█М╪к ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ █Б┘И┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪│ ╪и╪з╪и ┘Е█М┌║ ┌й█Б╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪к┘И ┘И█Б ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ╪║╪╡█Б╪М ╪п┌й┌╛ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪║╪╡█Б ┌й█М █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж █М█Б ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪в█Б ┘И ┘Б╪▒█М╪з╪п ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м╪│ ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ╪м╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ┘Е┘И┘В╪╣ ┘Е┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М █М█Б ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪в╪║╪з╪▓ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М” ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪л╪з┘Д

“┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Е╪┤█Б┘И╪▒ ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т:

“╪в█Б! ╪м┘И ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒█Т╪М
╪к┘И ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌Ж┘╛ ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ┌й█М╪з ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒█Т╪Я
╪м┘И ╪п╪▒╪п┘Р ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪м╪з┘Ж ┘Д█Т╪М
┘И█Б█М ╪┤╪о╪╡ ╪│┌Ж ┌й┘И ╪м╪з┘Ж ┘Д█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ █Б█Т█Ф”

█М█Б ╪▒╪и╪з╪╣█М ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪п┌й┌╛╪М ╪п╪▒╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪║╪╡█Т ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪в█Б ┘И ┘Б╪▒█М╪з╪п ╪з█М┌й ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒┘И┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪в╪║╪з╪▓ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒ ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒╪з█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

“┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М” ┌й╪з ┘Б┘Д╪│┘Б█Б

┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й╪з ╪о█М╪з┘Д ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪в█Б ┘И ┘Б╪▒█М╪з╪п ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛╪о╪к┌п█М ┌й╪з ╪н╪╡█Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪м╪и ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к╪и ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒┘И┘Ж█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ╪з█М╪│█М █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘И█Б ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪з┌й╪з┘Е ╪▒█Б╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘Д█М┌й┘Ж █М█Б█М ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪в╪║╪з╪▓ █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ┌й█М┘И┘Ж┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪╖┘Д╪и ┌й╪з ╪╣┌й╪з╪│ █Б█Т█Ф

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪в█Б ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к ┌й█М ╪│┌Ж╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│╪з ┘Д┘Е╪н█Б █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪о┘И╪п ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪│█М ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪и┌С┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┘Е╪╢╪и┘И╪╖ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪м╪и ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к┘И ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪п┌й┌╛┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┘Д┌п╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪╣┘Д╪з╪м ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

┘Е╪л┘Ж┘И█М ┘Е╪╣┘Ж┘И█М ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒

┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М “┘Е╪л┘Ж┘И█М ┘Е╪╣┘Ж┘И█М ┘Ж█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М █Б╪п╪з█М╪к ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ┘Ж█Т ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪║█М╪и ╪п█М█Ф ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й╪з ┘Е╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж╪з ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ╪м╪п┘И╪м█Б╪п ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪и┌С┌╛╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█М ┌Ж╪з█Б█М█Т█Ф

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ┘Е╪л┘Ж┘И█М ┘Е╪╣┘Ж┘И█М ┌й┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪з╪п█М╪и┘И┌║╪М ┘Б┘Д╪з╪│┘Б╪▒┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒┘И┌║ ┘Ж█Т ╪│╪▒╪з█Б╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┌й┌╛ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪в█Б ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┌п╪ж█М █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┌й╪з ╪и╪з╪╣╪л ╪и┘Ж╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛┌С┌╛╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┘╛╪▒ ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б ╪и┘Ж ┌Ж┌й█М █Б█М┌║█Ф

┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪м┘Д╪з┘Д ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М “┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п┌й┌╛╪М ╪║┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪п┘И╪м█Б╪п ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪м╪и ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪к┘И ┘И█Б ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪п╪▒█М╪з┘Б╪к ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪в╪║╪з╪▓ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪в█Б ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█Т ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й█М╪з ┌п█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ╪м╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪к╪▒╪║█М╪и ╪п█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪к╪╣┘Д█М┘Е╪з╪к ┘Ж█Т ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪и┌╛╪▒ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪┤┘Ж█М ┘╛┌╛█М┘Д╪з╪ж█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ╪в╪м ╪и┌╛█М ┘Д┘И┌п┘И┌║ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▓┘Ж╪п█Б █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Е┘Д █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪▒┘И┘Е : ┘Ж╪з┘Д┘З ┘Ж█М (█▓█╡) ╪з╪и█М╪з╪к)

┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪м┘Д╪з┘Д ╪з┘Д╪п█М┘Ж ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ┘Е╪л┘Ж┘И█М ┘Е╪╣┘Ж┘И█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣╪з╪к╪М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪м╪п┘И╪м█Б╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪о╪п╪з╪ж█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п █Б█Т█Ф “┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М” (╪в█Б ┘И ┘Б╪▒█М╪з╪п) ╪и┌╛█М ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ █Б█Т ╪м┘И ┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ┌й█Т ┌й┘Д╪з┘Е ┘Е█М┌║ ┘╛╪з█М╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т ╪п┘И╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к┘Ж█Б╪з╪ж█М ┌й█Т ╪з╪н╪│╪з╪│╪з╪к ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ┌й┘И ╪к╪│┘Д█М┘Е ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ┌й┘И╪┤╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ “┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М” ┌й╪з ┘Е┘Б█Б┘И┘Е ┘Е╪н╪╢ ╪║┘Е ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪п┌й┌╛ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М ╪и┘Д┌й█Б █М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪п┘И╪м█Б╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪п ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б╪з┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ “┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М” ┌й█Т ┘Е┘И╪╢┘И╪╣ ┘╛╪▒ 25 ╪з╪и█М╪з╪к ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й╪▒┘И┌║ ┌п╪з ╪м┘И ┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ┌й█Т ┘Е╪л┘Ж┘И█М ┘Е╪╣┘Ж┘И█М ┌й█Т ╪з╪│ ╪н╪╡█Т ╪│█Т █Б█М┌║█Ф ╪з┘Ж ╪з╪и█М╪з╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┘Е█М┌║ ┌Ж┌╛┘╛█Т ╪п╪▒╪п ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й█М ╪к┌С┘╛ ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф

1. ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к

┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█Б╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┌й┌╛ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ╪з╪н╪│╪з╪│ ╪з╪│ ┘И┘В╪к ┘╛█М╪п╪з █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪и ┘И█Б ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з╪│ ╪п┘И╪▒█М ┌й╪з ╪п┌й┌╛ ╪з█М┌й ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ╪о┘Д╪з╪б ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪▒╪з╪и╪╖█Б ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“╪п┘Д ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к╪М ╪м┘И ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ █Б┘И╪М ┘И█Б ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т╪М
█М█Б ╪в█Б ┘И ┘Б╪▒█М╪з╪п ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒┘И┘Ж█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

2. ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к

┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┘Ж█Т ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪│ ╪╖╪▒╪н ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б █М█Б ╪п╪▒╪п ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█Т ┌п█Б╪▒█Т ╪н╪╡█Т ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪и╪║█М╪▒ ┌й╪│█М ╪▒┌й╪з┘И┘╣ ┌й█Т ╪и╪з█Б╪▒ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“╪м╪и ╪п┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪┤╪п╪к █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т╪М
╪к┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й╪з ╪з╪╕█Б╪з╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ┘Е█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

3. ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┌й█М ┘Ж┘И╪╣█М╪к

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й╪з ┘╛╪к█Б ┌Ж┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪к┘И ┘И█Б █М█Б ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п┌й┌╛ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б┘И╪к╪з ╪и┘Д┌й█Б ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█Т ╪в╪║╪з╪▓ ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪╡╪▒┘Б ╪п┌й┌╛ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪║┘Е ┌й█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▓ ┘Ж█Б█М┌║ █Б█Т╪М
█М█Б ╪к┘И ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ┌й█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▓ █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

4. ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪з█М┌й ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф ┘И█Б ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┘В╪з╪ж┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪к┘И ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒┘И┘Ж█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪и╪п█М┘Д█М ╪в╪▒█Б█М █Б█Т█Ф

“╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ █М█Б ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪в╪к█М █Б█Т╪М
█М█Б ┘И█Б ╪в┘И╪з╪▓ █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

5. ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ┘Ж┌й┘Д┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█М ┘Б╪▒█М╪з╪п

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ┘Ж┌й┘Д┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█М ┘Б╪▒█М╪з╪п ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪п╪з╪о┘Д█М ┌й╪┤┘Е┌й╪┤ ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т█Ф

“╪п┘Д ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ┘Ж┌й┘Д┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д█М █Б╪▒ ╪в█Б╪М
╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪│┌Ж╪з╪ж█М ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ┘В╪п┘Е ╪и┌С┌╛╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

6. ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┘Б╪▒ ┌й╪з ╪в╪║╪з╪▓ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│╪з ┘Д┘Е╪н█Б █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒┘И┘Ж█М ╪м┘Ж┌п ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“█Б╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Б ┌й┌╛┘И┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М
█М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з┘Ж█Т ┘И╪з┘Д╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪│┘Б╪▒ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

7. ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й╪з ╪п┌й┌╛ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й╪з ┌й█Б┘Ж╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д█М ╪п┌й┌╛ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ╪│█Т ┘Е╪к╪╣┘Д┘В █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ┘╛█Б┌Ж╪з┘Ж╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к┘И ┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ╪п┌й┌╛ ┌й┘И ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┌й█М ╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪п┌й┌╛ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й╪з ╪╣┌й╪з╪│ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М
█М█Б ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з╪│█М ╪п┌й┌╛ ┌й█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▓ █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ╪│█Т ┘Ж┌й┘Д╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

8. ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪п ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪│█М

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪п ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪│█М ┌й╪з ╪н╪╡█Б █Б█Т█Ф ╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й╪з ╪п┌й┌╛ ╪з╪│█Т ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ┘Д█Т ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к┘И ┘И█Б ╪з╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪в█Б ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“╪о┘И╪п ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪│█М ┌й█М ╪▒╪з█Б ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з█М┌й ┘В╪п┘Е █Б█Т╪М
█М█Б ┘И█Б ╪в█Б █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪з╪╡┘Д ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

9. ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌п┘Е╪┤╪п┌п█М

┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┌п┘Е╪┤╪п┌п█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ┌й█М ╪м╪з┘Ж╪и ╪и┌С┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ┌п┘Е╪┤╪п█Б ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘И█Б ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘Е┘В╪╡╪п ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┘Е█М┌║ █Б█Т█Ф

“╪м╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪к┘В╪п█М╪▒ ╪│█Т ┌п┘Е █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М
╪к┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▓ ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж┌й┘Д╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

10. ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪в┘Б╪з┘В█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪в┘Б╪з┘В█М █Б█Т╪М ╪м┘И █Б╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪┤╪к╪▒┌й █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒┘И┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▓ █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

“┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▓ █Б╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┘Е┘И╪м┘И╪п █Б█Т╪М
█М█Б ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪и┌С┌╛┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤ ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т█Ф

11. ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪░┌й╪▒ ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ┌й█Б╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б █М█Б ╪в█Б ┘И ┘Б╪▒█М╪з╪п ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒┘И┘Ж█М ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪м╪и ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┘В╪з╪ж┘Е ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ┘Е╪н╪│┘И╪│ █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

“█Б╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М
█М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ┌й┌╛┘И┘Д╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

12. ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ╪│╪и╪и

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й╪з ┘Е╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪з █Б█Т ┌й█Б ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ╪з╪╡┘Д█М ╪│╪и╪и ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й╪з ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ █Б┘И┘Ж╪з █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪м╪и ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ┘Б╪╖╪▒╪к ╪│█Т ╪║╪з┘Б┘Д █Б┘И ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М ╪к┘И ┘И█Б ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й╪з ╪н╪╡█Б ╪и┘Ж╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪м╪и ╪о╪п╪з ╪│█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М
╪к┘И ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ┌п┘И┘Ж╪м ╪│┘Ж╪з╪ж█М ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

13. ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘Е┘В╪з┘Е █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ┌й█Б ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪в╪к█М █Б█Т╪М
█М█Б ┘И█Б ╪в┘И╪з╪▓ █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

14. ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┌й╪з ╪з█Б┘Е ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪╡┘И╪▒╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪╕╪▒ ╪в╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф ╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┘Е█М┌║ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к┘Д╪з╪┤ ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█М ╪з█Б┘Е█М╪к █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪╣┘Д╪з┘Е╪к █Б█Т█Ф

“╪к╪╡┘И┘Б ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з█М┌й ╪з█Б┘Е ┘╛█Б┘Д┘И █Б█Т╪М
█М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ┘╛╪з┌й█М╪▓┌п█М ┌й█М ╪м╪│╪к╪м┘И ┌й█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▓ █Б█Т█Ф

15. ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪л╪▒

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▓┘Ж╪п┌п█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪к╪и╪п█М┘Д█М ┌й╪з ╪│╪и╪и ╪и┘Ж╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж╪ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ┘╛█М╪п╪з ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з╪│█Т ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ┘Д█Т ╪в╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

“█Б╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ┘Ж█М╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ┘╛█М╪п╪з ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М
█М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪в╪┤┘Ж╪з ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

16. ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪▒┌й┘Р ╪п┘Ж█М╪з

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ╪│█Т ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й╪з ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒╪з ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘И█Б ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│█Т ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪п█М┌й┌╛╪к█Т █Б█М┌║ ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Б╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ ┌й╪▒ ┌й█Т ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“╪п┘Ж█М╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ╪│█Т ╪п┘И╪▒ █Б┘И ┌й╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪в╪к█М █Б█Т╪М
█М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪║╪▒┘В ┌й╪▒ ╪п█М╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

17. ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н ┌й█М ╪╣┌й╪з╪│█М █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т╪М ╪з┘И╪▒ █М█Б ╪в█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М┘И┌║ ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з╪┤╪з╪▒█Б ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

“┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒┘И┘Ж█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ┌й╪з ╪╣┌й╪з╪│ █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т╪М
█М█Б ╪п┌й┌╛ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒╪з╪ж█М ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

18. ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ╪з╪л╪▒ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪к╪и╪п█М┘Д█М

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┘Ж█Т ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й┘И ╪з█М┌й ╪к╪и╪п█М┘Д█М ┌й█Т ╪╖┘И╪▒ ┘╛╪▒ ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й█М╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪и╪п█М┘Д█М ┌й╪з ╪│╪и╪и ╪и┘Ж╪к█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│█Т ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ┘Д█Т ╪в╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

“┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ╪к╪и╪п█М┘Д█М ┌й█М ┘Д█Б╪▒ ┘╛█М╪п╪з ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т╪М
█М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┌й┘И┘Ж ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

19. ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪╡┘Д╪з╪н┘Р ┘Ж┘Б╪│

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й╪з ┘Е╪з┘Ж┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д╪з╪н ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪к╪▒┘В█М ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б ╪и┘Ж╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛╪о╪к┌п█М ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪з╪╡┘Д╪з╪н ┌й╪з ╪в╪║╪з╪▓ █Б█Т╪М
█М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█Т ┘Ж┘Б╪│ ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪│█Т ╪в╪┤┘Ж╪з ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

20. ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▓

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▓ ╪з█М┌й ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▓ █Б█Т ╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й█Т ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤ ┌й╪з ╪з╪╕█Б╪з╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

“█Б╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з█М┌й ╪в┘И╪з╪▓ █Б█Т╪М
╪м┘И ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

21. ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█Т ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з█М┌й ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ┌Ж┌╛┘╛╪з █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪в┘И╪з╪▓ ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й╪з ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е █Б█Т╪М
█М█Б ┘╛█М╪║╪з┘Е ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪▒█Б┘Ж┘Е╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

22. ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪┤┘И┘В┘Р ╪з┘Д█Б┘░█М

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪н╪з┘Д╪к ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪з┘Ж╪п╪▒ ╪┤┘И┘В┘Р ╪з┘Д█Б┘░█М ┘╛█М╪п╪з ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪┤┘И┘В ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й┘И ╪з╪м╪з┌п╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┘Е█М┌║ ╪┤┘И┘В┘Р ╪з┘Д█Б┘░█М ┌Ж┌╛┘╛╪к╪з █Б█Т╪М
█М█Б ╪┤┘И┘В ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┘Е█М┌║ ╪║╪▒┘В ┌й╪▒ ╪п█М╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

23. ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒╪к

┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й╪з ┌й█Б┘Ж╪з ╪к┌╛╪з ┌й█Б ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒╪к ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪в█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┘Д ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪п┌й┌╛┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛┘Ж█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й┘И ┘Е╪╢╪и┘И╪╖ ┌й╪▒┘Ж█Т ┌й╪з ╪░╪▒█М╪╣█Б ╪и┘Ж╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

“┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й█М ╪╢╪▒┘И╪▒╪к ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о┘И╪п ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪│█М ┌й█Т ┘Д█М█Т █Б┘И╪к█М █Б█Т╪М
█М█Б ╪в█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█Т ╪п┌й┌╛┘И┌║ ┌й┘И ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ╪м╪з┘Ж█Т ┌й█М ╪о┘И╪з█Б╪┤ ┌й┘И ╪╕╪з█Б╪▒ ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

24. ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б

╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█Т ┘Е╪╖╪з╪и┘В╪М ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й╪з ┘Ж╪к█М╪м█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪и█М╪п╪з╪▒█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█Т ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┘Е█М┌║ ╪з╪╢╪з┘Б█Б █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

“█Б╪▒ ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ┘В╪▒█М╪и ┘Д█Т ╪м╪з╪к█М █Б█Т╪М
█М█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ┘В╪п┘Е █Б┘И╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

**25.

┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘В╪▒╪и╪к** ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ┘Е█М┌║ ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ╪з┘И╪▒ ┘Е╪н╪и╪к ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ╪з█М┌й ╪▒╪з╪│╪к█Б ╪│┘Е╪м┌╛╪з ╪м╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪в█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з╪к█М █Б█Т ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪з╪│ ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М╪к ┌й┘И ┘Ж┌й┌╛╪з╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

“┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й┘И ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█М ┘В╪▒╪и╪к ╪к┌й ┘╛█Б┘Ж┌Ж╪з╪к█М █Б█Т╪М
█М█Б ╪в█Б ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪│┌Ж╪з╪ж█М ┌й╪з ╪з╪╣┘Д╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф

┘Е┘И┘Д╪з┘Ж╪з ╪▒┘И┘Е█М ┌й█М ┘Ж╪з┘Д█Б ┘Ж█М ┘╛╪▒ ╪┤╪з╪╣╪▒█М ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ┌й█М ╪▒┘И╪н╪з┘Ж█М ╪м╪п┘И╪м█Б╪п╪М ╪п┌й┌╛ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о╪п╪з ┌й█Т ╪│╪з╪к┌╛ ╪к╪╣┘Д┘В ┌й█М ┌п█Б╪▒█М ╪н┘В█М┘В╪к ┌й┘И ╪и█М╪з┘Ж ┌й╪▒╪к█М █Б█Т█Ф █М█Б ╪з█М┌й ╪з█М╪│╪з ┘Ж┌й╪к█Б █Б█Т ╪м╪│ ╪│█Т ╪з┘Ж╪│╪з┘Ж ╪з┘╛┘Ж█М ╪п┌й┌╛┘И┌║ ╪з┘И╪▒ ╪о┘И╪п ╪┤┘Ж╪з╪│█М ┌й█М ╪╖╪▒┘Б ┘В╪п┘Е ╪и┌С┌╛╪з╪к╪з █Б█Т█Ф

UnNoticed Digital College

An activist by nature and educator by profession, have been working in the fields of health and education since 2016. I firmly believe that education is the only way through which one can reach, each and every destination one wants to reach. As Samuel Beckett says, "Ever tried, Ever failed. No matter. Try again, Fail again. Try better, Fail better." The one who tries, fails; and the one who fails, wins.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Back to top button